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Nag K, Sarker EH, Kumar S, Chakraborty S, Khan MR, Chowdhury MR, Roy R, Roy R, Biswas BK, Bappi EH, Mohiuddin M, Sultana N. Satisfying QTPP of Erythropoietin Biosimilar by QbD through DoE-Derived Downstream Process Engineering. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2087. [PMID: 37631301 PMCID: PMC10460001 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Well-characterized and scalable downstream processes for the purification of biologics are extremely demanding for delivering quality therapeutics to patients at a reasonable price. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a blockbuster biologic with diverse clinical applications, but its application is limited to financially well-off societies due to its high price. The high price of EPO is associated with the technical difficulties related to the purification challenge to obtain qualified products with a cost-effective defined process. Though there are reports for the purification of EPO there is no report of a well-characterized downstream process with critical process parameters (CPPs) that can deliver EPO consistently satisfying the quality target product profile (QTPP), which is a critical regulatory requirement. To advance the field, we applied the quality by design (QbD) principle and design of experiment (DoE) protocol to establish an effective process, which is scalable up to 100× batch size satisfying QTPP. We have successfully transformed the process from static mode to dynamic mode and validated it. Insignificant variation (p > 0.05) within and between 1×, 10×, and 100× batches showed that the process is reproducible and seamlessly scalable. The biochemical analysis along with the biofunctionality data ensures that the products from different scale batches were indifferent and comparable to a reference product. Our study thereby established a robust and scalable downstream process of EPO biosimilar satisfying QTPP. The technological scheme presented here can speed up the production of not only EPO but also many other life-saving biologics and make them available to the mass population at a reduced cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakon Nag
- Globe Biotech Limited, 3/Ka (New), Tejgaon I/A, Dhaka 1208, Bangladesh
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- Globe Biotech Limited, 3/Ka (New), Tejgaon I/A, Dhaka 1208, Bangladesh
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Badiu I, Diena D, Guida G, Ferrando C, Rapezzi D, Besso L. Cutaneous allergic reaction correlates with anti‐erythropoietin antibodies in dialysis patient developing pure red cell aplasia. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e05554. [PMID: 35414924 PMCID: PMC8979157 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a case of concomitant erythropoietin allergy and resistance with a possible IgE and IgG‐mediated immune response, in which the local allergic cutaneous symptoms preceded the antibody‐mediated anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliana Badiu
- Mauriziano Hospital University Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology Torino Italy
| | - Davide Diena
- Clinical Department of Nephrology Santa Croce e Carle Cuneo Hospital Cuneo Italy
| | - Giuseppe Guida
- Clinical Department of Allergology and Respiratory Physiopathology Santa Croce e Carle Cuneo Hospital Cuneo Italy
| | - Carlo Ferrando
- Clinical Department of Nephrology Santa Croce e Carle Cuneo Hospital Cuneo Italy
| | - Davide Rapezzi
- Clinical Department of Haematology Santa Croce e Carle Cuneo Hospital Cuneo Italy
| | - Luca Besso
- Clinical Department of Nephrology Santa Croce e Carle Cuneo Hospital Cuneo Italy
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Susantad T, Fuangthong M, Tharakaraman K, Tit-Oon P, Ruchirawat M, Sasisekharan R. Modified recombinant human erythropoietin with potentially reduced immunogenicity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1491. [PMID: 33452310 PMCID: PMC7810742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) is a biopharmaceutical drug given to patients who have a low hemoglobin related to chronic kidney disease, cancer or anemia. However, some patients repeatedly receiving rHuEPO develop anti-rHuEPO neutralizing antibodies leading to the development of pure red cell aplasia (PRCA). The immunogenic antibody response activated by rHuEPO is believed to be triggered by T-cells recognizing EPO epitopes bound to MHC molecules displayed on the cell surface of APCs. Previous studies have reported an association between the development of anti-rHuEpo-associated PRCA and the HLA-DRB1*09 gene, which is reported to be entrenched in the Thai population. In this study, we used computational design to screen for immunogenic hotspots recognized by HLA-DRB1*09, and predicted seventeen mutants having anywhere between one through four mutations that reduce affinity for the allele, without disrupting the structural integrity and bioactivity. Five out of seventeen mutants were less immunogenic in vitro while retaining similar or slightly reduced bioactivity than rHuEPO. These engineered proteins could be the potential candidates to treat patients who are rHuEpo-dependent and express the HLA-DRB1*09 allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanutsorn Susantad
- Program in Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand.,Translational Research Unit, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Mayuree Fuangthong
- Translational Research Unit, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Kannan Tharakaraman
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Phanthakarn Tit-Oon
- Translational Research Unit, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Mathuros Ruchirawat
- Translational Research Unit, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand.
| | - Ram Sasisekharan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. .,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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