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Adel SM, Bichu YM, Pandian SM, Sabouni W, Shah C, Vaiid N. Clinical audit of an artificial intelligence (AI) empowered smile simulation system: a prospective clinical trial. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19385. [PMID: 39169095 PMCID: PMC11339289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69314-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Smile aesthetics is an important factor to consider during orthodontic treatment planning. The aim of the present study is to assess the predictability of Invisalign SmileView for digital AI smile simulation in comparison to actual smile treatment outcomes, using various smile assessment parameters. A total of 24 adult subjects (12 females and 12 males; mean age 22 ± 5.2 years) who chose to be treated using Invisalign were prospectively recruited to have their pretreatment smiles captured using the Invisalign SmileView to simulate their new smiles before treatment was started. Patients were then treated using upper and lower Invisalign aligners with average treatment time of 18 ± 6 months. Full post-treatment records were obtained and full smile frame images of simulated smile and actual final smile of each subject were evaluated by an independent examiner using an objective assessment sheet. Ten smile variants were used to assess the characteristics of the full smile images. Significance level was set at P < 0.05. The ICC for the quantitative parameters showed that there was an overall excellent & good internal consistency (alpha value > 0.7 & > 0.9). The Independent t test was performed amongst the quantitative variables. The P value was not significant for all except maxillary inter canine width (P = 0.05), stating that for the five variables namely; philtrum height, commissure height, smile width, buccal corridor and smile index, actual mean values were similar to the simulation mean values. For the qualitative variables, the Kappa value ranged between 0.66 and - 0.75 which showed a substantial level of agreement between the examiners. Additionally, the Chi square test for the qualitative variables, revealed that the P value was found to be significant in all except lip line. This implies that only the lip line values are comparable. More optimal lip lines, straighter smile arcs and more ideal tooth display were achieved in actual post treatment results in comparison to the initially predicted smiles. Five quantitative smile assessment parameters i.e., philtrum height, commissure height, smile width, buccal corridor, and smile index, could be used as reliable predictors of smile simulation. Maxillary inter canine width cannot be considered to be a reliable parameter for smile simulation prediction. A single qualitative parameter, namely the lip line, can be used as a reliable predictor for smile simulation. Three qualitative parameters i.e., most posterior tooth display, smile arc, and amount of lower incisor exposure cannot be considered as reliable parameters for smile prediction.Trial Registration number and date: NCT06123585, (09/11/2023).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar M Adel
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champollion Street, El Azarita, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Yashodhan M Bichu
- Orthodontics (DSATP), Nobel Biocare Oral Health Centre/ Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Nikhillesh Vaiid
- Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Insitute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
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Tahir K, Barakaat AA, Shaukat U, Maaz M, Fida M, Sukhia RH. Influence of dental midline deviation with respect to facial flow line on smile esthetics-A cross-sectional study. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024. [PMID: 39150894 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE A contemporary concept states that dental midline deviation towards the direction of facial flow line (FFL) can mask the compromised smile esthetics. This study aimed to identify a range of midline deviations that can be perceived towards or away from the FFL influencing smile esthetics. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using a frontal smile photograph of an adult female. The photograph was altered on Adobe Photoshop software into six different photographs by deviating the dental midlines towards and away from the FFL. A constant deviation of chin towards the left side was incorporated in all the photographs. Forty-three laypersons (LP) and dental professionals (DPs) evaluated those photographs. Independent t-test was used to compare the perception of dental midline deviation between LP and DPs. Simple linear regression was run to identify the factors associated with the scoring. RESULTS A statistically significant difference was observed for picture two with 4 mm towards FFL in the perception of midline deviation between LP and DPs. LP could not perceive the midline deviations up to 4 mm while DPs were able to perceive deviations above 2 mm. The greater the age the better the scores were and female raters had a greater inclination towards poor scores. CONCLUSIONS From 2 to 4 mm of midline deviation towards the FFL can be tolerated by LP and DPs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE These findings underscore the importance of considering facial symmetry in orthodontic and cosmetic dental treatments to optimize smile esthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanza Tahir
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Afeefa Abul Barakaat
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Umair Shaukat
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Maaz
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mubassar Fida
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rashna Hoshang Sukhia
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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Yıldız P, Güneş Ünlü D, Aydoğdu HM. Evaluation of vertical marginal discrepancy and load-to-failure of monolithic zirconia and lithium disilicate laminate veneers manufactured in different thicknesses. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:913. [PMID: 39118080 PMCID: PMC11312385 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04685-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of monolithic zirconia laminate veneers (MZLV) compared to lithium disilicate laminate veneers (LDLV). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty resin replicas, each prepared with depths of 0.5 mm, 0.7 mm, and 1 mm, were produced using a 3D printer from acrylic teeth. Laminate veneers of these thicknesses were milled from pre-sintered monolithic zirconia (3rd generation) and lithium disilicate blocks. The intaglio surface of MZLV was treated with air abrasion using 110 μm diameter silica-modified aluminium oxide particles and ceramic primer, while LDLV was etched with etchant gel and treated with the ceramic primer before cementation with resin cement. Vertical marginal discrepancy (VMD) was assessed using a stereomicroscope, and a load-to-failure test was conducted using a universal testing machine. Failure modes were evaluated macroscopically on fractured surfaces. Data were analysed statistically using Two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni correction (α = 0.05). RESULTS LDLV samples exhibited significantly larger VMD compared to MZLV samples across all thicknesses, especially in cervical, palatal, and mean data. Within the LDLV group, load-to-fracture values for 0.7 mm and 1.0 mm thicknesses were similar, whereas for 0.5 mm thickness, it was significantly lower. In the MZLV group, load-to-fracture values were lower for 0.7 mm and 1.0 mm thicknesses compared to LDLV, but higher for 0.5 mm thickness. CONCLUSIONS Material choice and restoration thickness significantly influence laminate veneer restorations' success. MZLV generally exhibits superior vertical marginal fit compared to LDLV, with varying load-to-failure values across different thicknesses. Clinical management of debonding in MZLV is simpler compared to restoration fracture in LDLV. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Considering clinical factors, MZLV may be a preferable option to LDLV for this restoration with the thickness of 0.5 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Yıldız
- Department of Prosthodontic Dentistry, Nimet Bayraktar Oral and Dental Health Center, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Damla Güneş Ünlü
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Nuh Naci Yazgan University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hasan Murat Aydoğdu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
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Aljanakh MD, Alshammari WN, Aljameel KA, Alshammari AS, Altheban IR, Alzaid NS, Almohefer S. Laypersons' Assessment of Smile Esthetics in Young Individuals in Ha'il, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2024; 16:e60726. [PMID: 38903316 PMCID: PMC11187522 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION When planning esthetic dental treatments, understanding smile preferences is important for dental professionals. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of selected smile characteristics on the attractiveness of young Saudis as assessed by Saudi laypersons and explore gender-preferred changes in smile attractiveness. METHODOLOGY This observational study assessed the dynamic smile attractiveness of 168 Saudi individuals (84 males and 84 females), selected through non-probability convenience sampling. Dynamic smiles were elicited by viewing comedic content and captured with a camera standardized for consistent positioning. Videos were edited and adjusted to images, and the frames with the most pronounced smiles were chosen. The intra-rater reliability was assessed using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Cohen's kappa tests (κ). The highest and lowest 25th percentiles were categorized as attractive and unattractive smiles, respectively, on the visual analog scale (VAS) by laypersons. Six smile characteristics - anterior smile line, smile arc, upper lip curvature, posterior teeth displayed, smile index, and smile symmetry - were quantitatively evaluated from these images for each participant and classified into attractive and unattractive groups based on laypersons' VAS evaluations. Continuous variables were tested with the Mann-Whitney U test, and for the categorical variables, the Chi-square test was applied. The significance was set at 5%. RESULTS The four randomly selected out of the 22 raters had good VAS reliability; ICCs varied from 0.661 to 0.94, with an average of 0.737, and Cohen's kappa tests for smile characteristics showed values from 0.617 to 0.89. Good agreement was also found with the smile index, with ICCs of 0.775, and dynamic smile symmetry, with ICCs of 0.872. Laypersons rated female smiles as more attractive compared to male smiles (P = 0.004). Low or average anterior smile lines (P = 0.001 for males; P = 0.03 for females), parallel smile arcs (P = 0.001 for males; P = 0.02 for females), and higher smile indexes (P = 0.001 for males; P = 0.004 for females) were significantly attractive, showing no significant gender differences. Conclusions: Laypersons reliably rated the young Saudis' dynamic smiles as attractive. Of the rated smile characteristics, those with a low or average anterior smile line, parallel smile arcs, and a larger smile index were deemed more attractive. This study's findings show no significant gender differences in the impact of the studied smile characteristics on attractiveness. This study's findings can help dental professionals customize treatment plans that meet patients' expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad D Aljanakh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, SAU
| | - Wejdan N Alshammari
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, SAU
| | - Khalid A Aljameel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, SAU
| | - Alanoud S Alshammari
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, SAU
| | - Ibrahim R Altheban
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, SAU
| | - Najd S Alzaid
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, SAU
| | - Sami Almohefer
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, SAU
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Kreichati S, Kassis A, Aboujaoude RF, Akl R. Influence of orthodontic bracket prescription on smile attractiveness in patients with different sagittal skeletal patterns: A 3-dimensional cross-sectional study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2024; 165:434-446. [PMID: 38142393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of orthodontic bracket prescription on smile attractiveness. METHODS Three women were chosen according to their sagittal skeletal pattern: skeletal Class I, II, or III malocclusion. For each, 3 smiling pictures were taken in frontal, oblique, and lateral views. The maxillary arch was then scanned, and a 3-dimensional digital model was constructed on the OrthoAnalyzer software. The information of 3 orthodontic prescriptions, namely Roth, MBT, and Ricketts, was simulated after the virtual placement of orthodontic brackets on 10 maxillary teeth. The simulations were then superimposed on the smile photographs in the 3 views, creating a total of 27 images. Groups of orthodontists, dentists, and laypeople rated the attractiveness of each smile using the visual analog scale. RESULTS This study included 167 evaluators: 54 orthodontists, 54 dentists, and 59 laypersons. In terms of orthodontic prescription, MBT esthetic scores were 4% lower than Roth scores (P <0.001), and Ricketts scores were 13.6% lower than Roth scores (P <0.001). In terms of skeletal pattern, Class II and III scores were 15.0% and 16.4% lower than Class I scores, respectively (P <0.001). Regarding the smiling view, oblique view scores were 3.1% lower than frontal view scores (P = 0.031), whereas lateral view scores were 8.4% lower than frontal view scores (P <0.001). In contrast to gender and age, the specialty of the evaluators significantly affected the esthetic rating of the smiles. CONCLUSIONS The attractiveness of a smile is affected by the prescription of the brackets. The Roth prescription tends to obtain the most favorable esthetic scores, especially in sagittal smiling images. Profile smiles with excessively proclined incisors are considered unattractive. Different views of the same smile do not get similar esthetic scores because sagittal views are rated the most severely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kreichati
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Adib Kassis
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rami Falah Aboujaoude
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Roula Akl
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Kovačić I, Miloš M, Kurkutović M, Čelebić A, Petričević N. Influence of education level and gender of dental students on perception of dental aesthetics. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:398. [PMID: 38549085 PMCID: PMC10976696 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04115-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fulfilling aesthetic norms is an imperative of modern society. Accordingly, aesthetics has found its important role in dental medicine. The aim was to study whether there is a difference in the perception of tooth shade change and anatomical variations of anterior maxillary teeth among dental students depending on the level of education, gender, and experience in assisting in a dental office. METHODS The research was conducted among dental students via the Google Forms platform. Students evaluated the aesthetic acceptability of a smile on the unaltered, reference photograph (RP) and on the other 28 photographs in which the tooth shade (lighter and darker teeth), length (shortened central incisors, elongated, and beveled lateral incisors, elongated canines) and position (atypical and typical rotations and diastemas) of the upper maxillary teeth were altered by digital manipulation. The 1-10 assessment scale was used. Statistical analysis comprised one-way Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, X2 tests, t-test, and 3-way MANOVA. RESULTS In the research 208 students participated, 113 were preclinical students, 104 assisted in dental office and 175 were females. There were no significant effects of gender regarding length and position modifications (p > .05), while women were stricter in evaluation of lighter shade (p < .05). Clinical students were stricter in evaluating all manipulated photographs (MP) except those towards darker shade modifications, while assisting in a dental office or having a dentist in close family showed no significant effects (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS With a higher level of targeted academic education, dental students sharpen their ability to notice deviations from the aesthetic norms of a smile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Kovačić
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
| | - Manuela Miloš
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Matej Kurkutović
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Asja Čelebić
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Nikola Petričević
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
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Jurado CA, Sadid-Zadeh R, Watanabe H, Robbins CE, Afrashtehfar KI, Fischer NG, Lee DJ. Effect of incisal preparation design on the fracture strength of monolithic zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate laminate veneers. J Prosthodont 2024; 33:281-287. [PMID: 37014263 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the fracture resistance of monolithic zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate laminate veneers (LVs) fabricated on various incisal preparation designs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty maxillary central incisors with various preparation designs were 3D-printed, 15 each, including preparation for: (1) LV with feathered-edge design; (2) LV with butt-joint design; (3) LV with palatal chamfer; and (4) full-coverage crown. Restorations were then designed and manufactured from zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) following the contour of a pre-operation scan. Restorations were bonded to the assigned preparation using resin cement and following the manufacturer's instructions. Specimens were then subjected to 10,000 thermocycles at 5 to 55°C with a dwell time of 30 s. The fracture strength of specimens was then assessed using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni correction multiple comparisons were used to assess the fracture strength differences between the test groups (α = 0.001). Descriptive fractographic analysis of specimens was carried out with scanning electron microscopy images. RESULTS Complete coverage crown and LV with palatal chamfer design had the highest fracture resistance values (781.4 ± 151.4 and 618.2 ± 112.6 N, respectively). Single crown and LV with palatal chamfer had no significant difference in fracture strength (p > 05). LV with feathered-edge and butt-joint designs provided significantly (p < 05) lower fracture resistance than complete coverage crown and LV with palatal chamfer design. CONCLUSION The fracture resistance of chairside milled ZLS veneers was significantly influenced by the incisal preparation designs tested. Within the limitation of this study, when excessive occlusal forces are expected, LV with palatal chamfer display is the most conservative method of fabricating an indirect restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Jurado
- Department of Prosthodontics, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Ramtin Sadid-Zadeh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Buffalo School of Dental Medicine, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Hidehiko Watanabe
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health and Sciences University School of Dentistry, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Craig E Robbins
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health and Sciences University School of Dentistry, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kelvin I Afrashtehfar
- Evidence-Based Practice Unit, Clinical Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas G Fischer
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Damian J Lee
- Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Ahmed N, Khalid S, Vohra F, Halim MS, Al-Saleh S, Tulbah HI, Al-Qahtani AS, Abduljabbar T. Analysis of recurrent esthetic dental proportion of natural maxillary anterior teeth: A systematic review. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:187-196. [PMID: 35277267 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The recurrent esthetic dental (RED) proportion has been a benchmark for the rehabilitation of the maxillary anterior teeth of North American patients. While it has been evaluated in other populations, the global application of RED proportions in the rehabilitation of maxillary anterior teeth is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the existing evidence on dental proportion to evaluate the existence of RED proportions in the esthetic smile in different geographic regions. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic search was conducted by reviewing different databases. The focused question was "Does RED proportion exist in esthetically pleasing smiles in different populations around the world?" The search included articles with a combination of MeSH keywords based on dental proportion from January 2000 to July 2020. The titles and abstracts were identified by using a search protocol. Full text of the articles was independently evaluated. The systematic review was modified to summarize the relevant data. The general characteristics, outcomes, and quality of studies were reviewed and analyzed systematically. RESULTS Seventeen studies were selected from the reviewed articles. Three studies were conducted in Europe, 10 in South Asia, and 4 in Western Asia. Eleven studies found that the mean perceived ratio of anterior teeth was not constant when progressing distally. Five studies reported that the ratio was constant in a small percentage of their populations, and 1 suggested that the ratio was constant if it remains between 60% and 80%. The central-to-LI and Ca-to-LI proportion values were not constant. Overall, the Ca-to-LI proportion values were higher than the central-to-LI proportions. CONCLUSIONS RED proportions were not found in the successive widths of maxillary anterior teeth among the reviewed data from different geographic regions. RED proportions are not the only standard for restoring esthetic smiles worldwide, and anterior tooth proportions differ among populations based on their race and ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseer Ahmed
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi, Pakistan; PhD Student, Prosthodontic Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Shiza Khalid
- Research Associate, Department of Prosthodontics, Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Professor, Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamad Syahrizal Halim
- Lecturer and Clinical Specialist, Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Samar Al-Saleh
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda I Tulbah
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal S Al-Qahtani
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- Professor, Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Hu Y, Li H. Discussion on the correction of a gummy smile in a second orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2024; 165:127-128. [PMID: 38302217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
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Motamedian SR, Najary S, Nikakhtar H, Rezvani M, Safavi SM. Comparison of pleasant and unpleasant smile characteristics in the perception of the laypeople in an Iranian population. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2023; 164:766-773. [PMID: 37565945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to compare the characteristics of pleasant and unpleasant smiles from the perception of laypeople. METHODS Two-hundred posed smile photographs were obtained from adult participants with no anomaly, restoration, or severe crowding and spacing in anterior teeth. Photographs were shown to 26 judges to give each photograph a score for attractiveness. Upper and lower quartiles for the most and least rated smiles were determined, and variables including gingival display, smile arc, midline deviation, buccal corridor, smile width, tooth rotation or malposition, diastema, upper and lower vermilion show, and tooth form were measured. Independent-sample t test and Pearson chi-square analysis were used to determine the differences between the pleasant and unpleasant groups for quantitative and qualitative variables, respectively. The linear regression model revealed variables with the most significant impact on the mean score. RESULTS All quantitative and qualitative variables except tooth form significantly differed between pleasant and unpleasant smile groups (P <0.05). The consonant smile arc was associated with an increase of 12.59% in mean scores compared with the inconsonant smile arc. Each tooth reported with malposition was correlated with a decrease of 9.37% in the scores. In the same way, each 1-mm increase in midline diastema and occlusal cant coincided with a drop of 8.73% and 3.59% in scores, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggested that smile arc, tooth malposition, midline diastema, and occlusal plane canting had the most impact on smile esthetics and should be given priority by orthodontists in the treatment plan of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Reza Motamedian
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shaghayegh Najary
- Students' Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hooria Nikakhtar
- Students' Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rezvani
- Students' Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammadreza Safavi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Araújo EA, Miranda GFPC. Management of ankylosed teeth using the decoronation technique: integrative literature review and case report. Dental Press J Orthod 2023; 28:e23spe4. [PMID: 37820227 PMCID: PMC10564448 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.28.4.e23spe4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The decoronation technique has been described in literature since 1984 and, based on the available results, it can lead to considerable benefits for the repair and rehabilitation of ankylosed teeth. Based on these reports, one could expect that this procedure would be well known by the dental community. However, this fact does not seem to be true, and this procedure is not widely used. METHODS The objective of this paper is to present appropriate literature that discusses decoronation and evaluate the perspectives of the procedure, both in relation to the technique and the long-term benefits for the patient. An integrative literature review at PubMed, ScieELO, and Lilacs databases was performed using the keywords "decoronation", "ridge preservation decoronation", "decoronation ankylosis". In addition, a case report will be presented to demonstrate the technique in a systematic and detailed manner. RESULTS Considering the inclusion criteria, 27 articles that present consistency regarding decoronation were selected. CONCLUSION There is scarce availability of scientific works related to the topic, to corroborate and discuss the technique. The present paper reinforces the benefits of this procedure, and revisit decoronation, attempting to provide a possible treatment for ankylosed teeth in growing patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eustáquio Afonso Araújo
- Emeritus professor, Department of Orthodontics, Saint Louis University (St. Louis/MO, USA). Adjunct professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of Pittsburgh (Pittsburgh/PA, USA). Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais (Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil)
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Batyrbekova G, Hekimoğlu C. Evaluation of gingival porcelains: Color change and surface properties. J Prosthodont 2023. [PMID: 37795925 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of thermal cycling (TC) on the color stability, translucency, and surface roughness of two different gingival porcelain materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS The gingival porcelains IPS e.max Ceram Gingiva (Ceram) and IPS InLine Gingiva (InLine) were tested. A total of 66 disc-shaped specimens were prepared and glazed using porcelain powders of G1, G3, and G5 colors. The samples were divided into two porcelain groups by their types and into three subgroups (n11) by their colors. Thermal cycling was performed at 6000 cycles simulating an oral environment of 5 years. The color and surface roughness measurements of the samples were made before and after the thermal cycling. Color measurements were made with a spectrophotometer. Surface roughness (mean surface roughness [Ra; μm]) was measured using a contact profilometer. Data before thermal cycling were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Dunn Bonferonni paired comparison test. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measurements and a pairwise comparison test with Bonferroni correction were used to evaluate the change in roughness and translucency parameter (TP) data between groups due to thermal cycling. RESULTS The color change was below the clinically perceptible color change threshold (∆E00 = 2.1) in all groups after thermal cycling. However, all materials had significantly increased roughness (p < 0.05). An increase in roughness was detected in the Ceram group and was higher than that in the InLine group. The change in the translucency parameters of the samples after thermal cycling was not statistically significant; a small increase was observed in all groups. The highest translucency values were seen in the G1, G3, and G5 colors. CONCLUSIONS Thermal cycling caused a significant increase in the roughness values (Ra) of all materials and a minimal increase in their translucency. The color change of gingival porcelains after thermal cycling was less than the clinically perceptible threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulaiym Batyrbekova
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Canan Hekimoğlu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Türkiye
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Benavides-Reyes C, Pérez MM, Tejada-Casado M, Ruiz-López J, Lucena C. Color stability and degree of conversion of gingiva-colored resin-based composites. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2023; 35:896-903. [PMID: 37403541 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate gingiva-colored resin-based composites' (GCRBC) color stability and degree of conversion (DC%). METHODS Eight discs (8 × 1 mm) of 20 shades of GCRBC were prepared. Color coordinates were measured against a gray background with a calibrated spectroradiometer, CIE D65 illuminant and the CIE 45°/0° geometry at baseline and after 30 days of storage in distilled water, coffee, and red wine. Color differences ( ∆ E 00 ) between final and baseline conditions were calculated. An ATR-FTIR spectrometer with a diamond tip was used to calculate DC%. The results were analyzed statistically using ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test. The level of significance was p < 0.05. RESULTS DC% and color stability correlated with each other and with the GCRBC brand. DC% ranged between 43% and 96%, highest values correspond to flowable composites. All composites have experienced color changes after immersion in water, wine and coffee. However, the magnitude of the color change has varied widely depending on the immersion medium and the GCRBC. Color changes generated by the wine were, globally, greater than those induced by coffee (p < 0.001) and above the acceptability thresholds. CONCLUSIONS The DC% of GCRBCs is sufficient to achieve adequate biocompatibility and physicomechanical properties, but the high susceptibility to staining could compromise aesthetic long-term results. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The degree of conversion and the color stability of gingiva-colored resin-based composites correlated with each other. All composites have experienced color changes after immersion in water, wine and coffee. Color changes generated by wine were, globally, greater than those induced by coffee and above the acceptability thresholds that could compromise aesthetic long-term results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Benavides-Reyes
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Colegio Máximo, Campus de Cartuja s/n. University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - María M Pérez
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, Campus Fuentenueva, Edificio Mecenas, s/n. University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Tejada-Casado
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, Campus Fuentenueva, Edificio Mecenas, s/n. University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Ruiz-López
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, Campus Fuentenueva, Edificio Mecenas, s/n. University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Lucena
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Colegio Máximo, Campus de Cartuja s/n. University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
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Arrubla-Escobar D, Barbosa-Liz DM, Zapata-Noreña O, Carvajal-Flórez A, Correa-Mullet K, Gómez-Gómez SL, Ardila CM. Smile Aesthetics Assessment in Patients Undergoing the Finishing Phase of Orthodontic Treatment: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e45644. [PMID: 37868569 PMCID: PMC10590081 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To describe the smile characteristics of patients entering the finishing phase of orthodontic treatment. Methods This observational study involved a non-probabilistic sample of 48 patients. Clinical records served as the basis for determining the type of treatment (with or without extractions). Photographs were analyzed to obtain smile variables. Dental casts and panoramic radiographs were evaluated to ascertain the cast-radiograph evaluation (CRE) index. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted at a significance level of 0.05. Results The study evaluated 24 men and 24 women, with an average age of 20.10 ± 6.78 years. Fifty percent of the patients did not undergo extractions, and the average CRE index for the sample was 34.83 ± 9.01. Regarding the smile, a medium smile line was prevalent in 66.7% of cases, and a non-consonant smile arc was observed in 58.3%. Significant differences in the smile arc were found between patients with and without extractions (p=0.019). Right and left buccal corridors measured 2.52 mm ± 1.52 and 2.43 mm ± 1.37, respectively. The upper dental midline deviated by 0.80 ± 0.91 mm and had an angulation of 1.65 ± 2.05º. Both variables showed significant differences between Class I and Class II patients (p=0.020; p=0.027). Symmetrical smiles were also observed (1.05 ± 0.17). Conclusions Based on our findings, clinicians should focus on the smile arc in patients who have not undergone extractions and on the midline inclination in Class II patients. These appear to be the most common areas for improvement in patients who are in the finishing phase of treatment. Additionally, considerable variability exists in the smile characteristics of patients still undergoing orthodontic treatment, leaving room for further enhancement of results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana M Barbosa-Liz
- Basic Sciences, GIONORTO Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, COL
| | - Oscar Zapata-Noreña
- Basic Sciences, GIONORTO Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, COL
| | - Alvaro Carvajal-Flórez
- Basic Sciences, GIONORTO Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, COL
| | | | | | - Carlos M Ardila
- Basic Sciences, Biomedical Stomatology Research Group, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, COL
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Cunha J, Fernandes GVO, Fernandes JCH, Lopes PC, Rio R. The Interference of Age and Gender on Smile Characterization Analyzed on Six Parameters: A Clinical-Photographic Pilot Study. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59030595. [PMID: 36984598 PMCID: PMC10053550 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: This study aimed to evaluate six smile-esthetic parameters (deviation of the upper dental midline from the facial midline, upper lip curvature, smile line, smile arch, smile width, and shape of the maxillary central incisors), correlating them with age and gender. Materials and methods: Caucasian individuals (N = 114) were grouped by gender (male and female) and age (group I—18 to 30 years old; group II—31 to 50 years old; and group III—over 50 years old). Using a digital camera, extra and intraoral pictures were taken to analyze the variables above-mentioned. The data were statistically evaluated, considering a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Most participants found deviations of the upper dental midline, straight upper lip curvature, and the medium smile line coincided with the facial midline. The parallel smile arch exposing 9 to 11 upper teeth, the absence of exposure of lower teeth when smiling, and oval upper incisors were prevalent parameters. Regarding gender, significant results were found for the curvature of the upper lip (p = 0.049), the smile arch (p = 0.001), and the shape of the upper central incisors (p = 0.004). For age, the association with the curvature of the upper lip (p = 0.032), the smile line (p = 0.001), the smile arch (p = 0.007), the width of the smile exposing lower teeth (p = 0.002), and the shape of the upper central incisors (0.012) were significant. Conclusions: Within this study’s limitations, gender and age affect the anterior teeth shape and upper lip curves; gender and age did not influence the coincidence between dental and facial midlines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Cunha
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Gustavo Vicentis Oliveira Fernandes
- Periodontics and Oral Medicine Department, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Pedro C. Lopes
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Rute Rio
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
- Private Practice, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
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Husain A, Bronkhorst EM, Bhat HK, Kuijpers MAR, Koya S, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM. A novel pictorial smile chart: Reliability and validity. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2023:S0889-5406(23)00078-1. [PMID: 36907704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smile analysis provides data on the positive and negative elements of a patient's smile. We aimed to develop a simple pictorial chart to record relevant parameters of the smile analysis in a single diagram and to investigate the reliability and validity of this chart. METHODS A panel of 5 orthodontists developed a graphical chart, which was reviewed by 12 orthodontists and 10 orthodontic residents. The chart comprises facial, perioral, and dentogingival zones analyzing 8 continuous and 4 discrete variables. The chart was tested on frontal smiling photographs of 40 young (aged 15-18 years) and 40 old (aged 50-55 years) patients. All measurements were performed twice with an interval of 2 weeks by 2 observers. RESULTS Pearson's correlation coefficients for observers and age groups varied from 0.860 to 1.000 and between observers from 0.753 to 0.999. Minor significant mean differences were found between the first and second observations, which were not clinically relevant. The kappa scores for the dichotomous variables were in perfect agreement. To test the sensitivity of the smile chart, differences between the two age groups were assessed as differences because aging is expected. In the older age group, philtrum height and visibility of mandibular incisors were significantly larger, whereas the upper lip fullness and buccal corridor visibility were significantly lesser (P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS The newly developed smile chart can record essential smile parameters to aid diagnosis, treatment planning, and research. The chart is simple and easy to use, has face and content validity and good reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhter Husain
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, and Centre for Craniofacial Anomalies, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India.
| | - Ewald M Bronkhorst
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hari Kishore Bhat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, and Centre for Craniofacial Anomalies, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Mette A R Kuijpers
- Department of Dentistry - Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Shafees Koya
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine/Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Universitas Indonesia, Faculty of Dentistry, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Effect of various orthodontic adhesives on enamel colour changes after fixed treatment. J Orofac Orthop 2023; 84:125-133. [PMID: 34379133 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-021-00338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare enamel colour changes of incisors and canines produced by various orthodontic adhesives following treatment with fixed appliances. METHODS The study included 300 maxillary and mandibular central and lateral incisors, and canines of 25 subjects who finished fixed appliance treatment. The following adhesives were used according to the manufacturer's instructions: Transbond XT (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA), Kurasper F (Kuraray Europe GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany), Grengloo (Ormco Corporation, Glendora, CA, USA) and Light Bond (Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, IL, USA). Different adhesives were placed in each quadrant of the subjects. Pretreatment and posttreatment enamel colours were evaluated at the middle third of the buccal surfaces of teeth using the SpectroShade Micro Dental Colour Complete Tooth Analysis SystemTM (MHT International, Verona, Italy). Tooth colour was determined using the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage L* a* b* system, and ∆E values were calculated. RESULTS Pretreatment and posttreatment intragroup comparison results showed significant decreases in L* and b*, as well as insignificant changes in a* for all teeth. Significantly less enamel colour changes occurred in the Kurasper F group compared with the Grengloo and Light Bond groups. Evaluating incisors and canines separately, overall intergroup comparisons were not significant. Enamel colour changes were significantly less only for the canines compared to the incisors in the Transbond XT and Kurasper F groups. The ∆E values were 1.83-2.18 and 1.41-1.95 for incisors and canines, respectively. CONCLUSION Although statistically less enamel colour changes occurred in the Kurasper F group compared with the Grengloo and Light Bond groups, the observed changes were not clinically relevant.
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Haerian A, Rafiei E, Tehrani PF, Toodehzaeim MH. The effect of torque and vertical position of maxillary canine on smile esthetics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2023:S0889-5406(23)00066-5. [PMID: 36842948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regarding the key role of the maxillary canine in dynamic occlusion and smile esthetics, this study investigated the relation between smile esthetics and maxillary canine torque and vertical position from the viewpoint of orthodontists, general dentists, and laypersons. METHODS In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the close-up smile images have been changed using Adobe Photoshop (Adobe Systems, San Jose, Calif). Then, groups of 21 orthodontists, 20 general dentists, and 33 laypersons evaluated the smile attractiveness of the images using a digital version of a visual analog scale. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 25; IBM, Armonk, Calif) and Shapiro-Wilk, analysis of variance, and Tukey post-hoc statistical tests. The significance level was set at 0.05. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the mean score between the 3 groups of observers regarding the changes in the canine vertical position in none of the variations (P >0.05). Regarding variations in torque, there was a significant difference between the 3 groups of observers in the bilateral 5° torque change. (P = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS Unilateral changes in the vertical position had lower scores, which shows that symmetry is very important in smile esthetics. In addition, laypersons did not find torque changes ranging between -15° to 15° a significant factor in smile esthetics. Overall, some adherence to these values will be acceptable in dental treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Haerian
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elaheh Rafiei
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pooya Fadaei Tehrani
- Dental Students Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Treatment of an anterior open bite, bimaxillary protrusion and mesiocclusion by the extraction of premolars and the use of clear aligners. AUSTRALASIAN ORTHODONTIC JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/aoj-2023-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
An anterior open bite may be orthodontically treated by either the intrusion of posterior teeth, the extrusion of anterior teeth, or a combination of both. An improvement in bimaxillary protrusion often involves the extraction of premolars and the retraction of the anterior teeth. The treatment of mesiocclusion mainly involves the mesial and/or distal movement of the molars. However, these three types of malocclusions pose significant treatment challenges when using clear aligners. The present case report describes the treatment of a 24-year-old female patient who presented with the above characteristics, which affected her confidence, willingness to smile and masticatory function. A four-premolar extraction plan was designed to resolve the problems using clear aligners as the patient rejected fixed or visible appliances. After 33 months of orthodontic therapy, except for the counter-clockwise rotation of the mandible and the decrease of facial height, the other objectives established in the pre-treatment plan were achieved, and the patient was satisfied with the results. The combination of clear aligners and premolar extractions effectively corrected the skeletal anterior open bite, bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion, and mesiocclusion.
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da Silva VM, Ayub PV, Massaro C, Janson G, Garib D. Comparison between clear aligners and 2 × 4 mechanics in the mixed dentition: a randomized clinical trial. Angle Orthod 2023; 93:3-10. [PMID: 36066265 PMCID: PMC9797137 DOI: 10.2319/032322-237.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the efficacy and efficiency between clear aligners and 2 × 4 fixed appliances for correcting maxillary incisor position irregularities in the mixed dentition. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample comprised 32 patients from 7 to 11 years of age randomly allocated into two parallel treatment groups: the clear aligners group, 14 patients (6 girls, 8 boys) with a mean initial age of 9.33 years (standard deviation [SD] = 1.01) treated with clear aligners; and the fixed appliances group, 13 patients (9 girls, 4 boys) with a mean initial age of 9.65 years (SD = 0.80) treated with partial (2 × 4) fixed appliances. Digital models were acquired before treatment and after appliance removal. Primary outcomes were incisor irregularity index and treatment time. Secondary outcomes were arch width, perimeter, length, size and shape, incisor leveling, incisor mesiodistal angulation, plaque index, and white spot lesion formation (International Caries Detection and Assessment System index). Intergroup comparisons were evaluated using t-tests or Mann-Whitney U-tests with Holm-Bonferroni correction (P < .05). RESULTS Treatment time was approximately 8 months in both groups. No intergroup differences were observed for changes in any of the variables. Similar posttreatment arch shapes were observed in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Clear aligners and 2 × 4 mechanics displayed similar efficacy and efficiency for maxillary incisor position corrections in the mixed dentition. The choice of appliance should be guided by clinician and family preference.
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Meira TM, Gasparello GG, Antelo OM, Castilhos JS, Bark MJ, Tanaka OM. The visual perception of aligned and crowded maxillary lateral incisors when smiling via eye tracking. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2022; 16:234-237. [PMID: 37560490 PMCID: PMC10407875 DOI: 10.34172/joddd.2022.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate whether the alignment of the teeth while smiling alters the visual perception by laypeople using eye tracking. Methods Facial images (two males and two females) were digitally edited to show a smile pattern with aligned teeth and one with crowded teeth. Sixty laypeople were selected to observe the images. The number of fixations, fixation duration, and time until the first fixation were recorded using an eye-tracking system. The results were qualitatively calculated with dot maps. Numerical data were analyzed using an independent Student's t test. Results There were no significant differences in fixation duration and the number of fixations in the crowded smile, mainly that of the male. The fixation times for the teeth were significantly different when the participants viewed the male subjects with a crowded smile (P<0.05). Dot maps showed greater attention to the smile with crowded teeth in both genders. Conclusion The crowded maxillary incisor smile attracted more visual attention to males from laypeople.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Martins Meira
- Department of Orthodontics, Bahia State University (UNEB), Guanambi, Brazil, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Gil Guilherme Gasparello
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Oscar Mario Antelo
- Department of Orthodontics, Universidad Catolica Boliviana “San Pablo”, Santa Cruz de La Sierra, Bolivia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, School of Life Sciences, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Jussimar Scheffer Castilhos
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Mohamad Jamal Bark
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Orlando Motohiro Tanaka
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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A Descriptive Study of Some of the Dento-Gingival Components of Esthetics of Patients at a Tertiary Care-center in the Eastern Part of Nepal. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:5589309. [PMID: 36317168 PMCID: PMC9617724 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5589309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to observe and describe some of the dento-gingival components of esthetics like the mean gingival zenith position (GZP) with respect to the vertical bisected midline axis (VBM), relative gingival zenith level (GZL) of lateral incisors (LIs), heights and widths of central incisors (CIs), LIs, and their ratios. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional, hospital-based, descriptive study was conducted from Feb 2019 to Aug 2019. Ethical clearance was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences. Convenience sampling was done. Variables (above mentioned) were marked and measured on the casts with a calibrated digital vernier caliper and entered in the data sheet, and descriptive analysis was done with SPSS version 20. Results A total of 210 subjects of the age group 18–25 years were included in the study. Mean GZP of the right CI was 0.49 ± 0.54 mm, of the left CI was 0.42 ± 0.43 mm, of the right LI was 0.20 ± 0.34 mm, of the left LI was 0.04 ± 0.35 mm, of the right C (Canine) was 0.023 ± 0.38 mm, and of left C was 0.07 ± 0.38 mm. Mean relative GZL of LI was about 0.40–0.41 mm below the reference line. Mean height of the right CI was 9.34 ± 0.93 mm, and that of the left CI was 9.31 ± 0.87 mm; that of the right LI was 7.91 ± 0.98 mm, and that of the left LI was 7.92 ± 0.91 mm. Mean width of the right CI was 8.34 ± 0.57 mm, and that of the left CI was 8.38 ± 0.48 mm; that of the right LI was 6.62 ± 0.58 mm, and that of the left LI was 6.66 ± 0.53 mm. Conclusions Mean GZP of each upper anterior tooth was distally located with respect to VBM; that of CI was more distally placed than LI and C. Relative GZL of LI was below the reference line. The central incisor width/height ratio obtained was >80% that means a squarer tooth.
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The role of botulinum toxin A in the management of different types of excessive gingival display: a systematic review. Br Dent J 2022; 233:221-226. [PMID: 35962103 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-022-4511-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background An aesthetic smile displays a symmetrical 2 mm or less of gingival tissue. A smile with over 3 mm of gingival display can be deemed socially unaesthetic, impacting on a patient's psychosocial status. This literature review aimed to explore the role of botulinum toxin A as a treatment modality for different types of excessive gingival display (EGD) and appropriate treatment protocols.Methods A systematic search of the literature dating from 1980 onwards was conducted using electronic databases (Medline, Scopus and Web of Science). The Fowkes and Fulton quality assessment was undertaken to review the level of bias.Results Nine prospective studies were assessed for the number and site of injections, the unit dosage, the reconstitution and the improvement of EGD. Guidelines for treatment of EGD were constructed for operator consideration.Conclusions The data from this study elucidated that botulinum toxin is an effective treatment for all types of EGD caused by hyperfunctional smile muscles. It can be regarded as a safe treatment that reversibly improves facial aesthetics in patients suffering from gummy smile due to hyperactive musculature. Botulinum toxin was confirmed to be useful as a diagnostic tool and palliative treatment, as well as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of a gummy smile.
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Smile Analysis: Diagnosis and Treatment Planning. Dent Clin North Am 2022; 66:307-341. [PMID: 35738730 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Smile design is defined as the process of creating an esthetic smile based on scientific and artistic guidelines established through studies, perception, and cultural and racial standards that have been recognized over time. Smile design is a dynamic field with evolving trends that take into consideration: facial esthetics, lip dynamics, pink and white esthetics, and personality. Traditional smile design focused on the orodental complex. Modern smile designers must have a global understanding of the entire patient to design the perfect smile.
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Shahzad Dowlatshahi M, Anoosh G, Alania J, Latimer JM. Crown Lengthening Techniques and Modifications to Treat Excessive Gingival Display. Dent Clin North Am 2022; 66:361-372. [PMID: 35738732 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dental aesthetics are a fundamental treatment goal in dentistry, in which even minute deviations from the ideal may necessitate corrective treatment or constitute a suboptimal clinical outcome. A well-defined protocol that adheres to sound biological and surgical principles is necessary to harmoniously integrate the dental and periodontal components. This article reviews clinical and aesthetic guidelines based on these principles for clinical crown lengthening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghazal Anoosh
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jorge Alania
- Private Practice, Victor Maurtua Avenue 140, Office 407, San Isidro, Lima, Peru
| | - Jessica M Latimer
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Abstract
Orthodontists play a vital role in the smile design of individuals. There are a variety of orthodontic goals and tooth movements that can be achieved to obtain the ideal smile that ultimately leads to the optimum esthetic outcomes. In this article, some methods and appliance systems to control and achieve the desired tooth movements are described and illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung How Kau
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama Birmingham, Suite 305, 1919 7th Avenue South, Birmingham AL 35294, USA.
| | - Terpsithea Christou
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama Birmingham, Suite 305, 1919 7th Avenue South, Birmingham AL 35294, USA
| | - Shubam Sharma
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama Birmingham, Suite 305, 1919 7th Avenue South, Birmingham AL 35294, USA
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da Silva LMAV, Cintra LTA, de Alcântara S, Machado NEDS, Benetti F, Ervolino E, Briso ALF. Influence of violet LED associated or not with peroxide gel on inflammation, mineralization, and collagen fiber maturation in dentin and pulp tissue. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102959. [PMID: 35691564 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the influence of violet LED, associated or not with a 17.5% hydrogen peroxide (HP) bleaching gel, on inflammation, mineralization in pulp tissue, and collagen fiber maturation in dentin and pulp tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS The maxillary molars of eighty Wistar rats were distributed into four groups (n = 10): CONT - without treatment; HP - 30-minute application of 17.5% HP; LED - 20-minute application of violet LED; and HP+LED - application of PH and violet LED. Rats were euthanized and jaws were processed for histologic and immunohistochemical evaluation (IL-17, IL-23, and osteocalcin) and picrosirius red immediately after (T0), and at 7 (T1), 15 (T2), and 30 days (T3) post-treatment, with Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, paired T-test, and T-test (α = 0.05). RESULTS HP and HP+LED presented necrosis and severe inflammatory infiltrate. When compared to CONT group, LED presented severe osteocalcin (OCN) immunostaining in T2 and less immature fibers in T2 and T3. CONCLUSION The violet LED caused no severe damage to the pulp tissue, increased IL-17 and IL-23 expression in T0 when associated with HP, and had no influence on pulp tissue mineralization, besides accelerating the maturation of collagen fibers of dentin. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Violet LED therapy induced no inflammation in the pulp tissue of rats and played no role in pulp tissue fibrosis, besides accelerating the maturation of dentin collagen fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Maria Alves Valentim da Silva
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry Araçatuba, José Bonifácio, Vila Mendonça, Araçatuba, São Paulo 1193, Brazil
| | - Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry Araçatuba, José Bonifácio, Vila Mendonça, Araçatuba, São Paulo 1193, Brazil
| | - Sibele de Alcântara
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry Araçatuba, José Bonifácio, Vila Mendonça, Araçatuba, São Paulo 1193, Brazil
| | - Nathália Evelyn da Silva Machado
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry Araçatuba, José Bonifácio, Vila Mendonça, Araçatuba, São Paulo 1193, Brazil
| | - Francine Benetti
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Edilson Ervolino
- Department of Basic Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Fraga Briso
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry Araçatuba, José Bonifácio, Vila Mendonça, Araçatuba, São Paulo 1193, Brazil.
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Liao TH, Fang JCC, Wang IK, Huang CS, Chen HL, Yen TH. Characteristics and Dental Indices of Orthodontic Patients Using Aligners or Brackets. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116569. [PMID: 35682154 PMCID: PMC9180771 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background. Clear aligners have become a treatment alternative to metal brackets in recent years due to the advantages of aesthetics, comfort, and oral health improvement. Nevertheless, few studies have analyzed the clinical characteristics and dental indices of orthodontic patients using aligners or brackets. Methods. A total of 170 patients received orthodontic treatment at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in 2021. Patients were stratified by types of treatment (Invisalign® clear aligner (n = 60) or metal bracket (n = 110). Results: Patients were aged 26.1 ± 7.2 years, and most were female (75.0%). The Invisalign® group was older than the bracket group (p = 0.003). The skeletal relationships were mainly Class I (49.4%), followed by Class II (30.0%) and Class III (20.6%). The molar relationships were primarily Class I (38.8%), followed by Class II (37.1%) and Class III (24.1%). The decayed, missing, and filled tooth (DMFT) index was 9.9 ± 6.0, including 2.1 ± 2.9 for decayed teeth, 0.5 ± 1.1 for missing teeth, and 7.3 ± 4.3 for filled teeth. There were no significant differences in the DMFT index or skeletal and molar relationships between the groups (p > 0.05). The index of complexity outcome and need (ICON) was 56.8 ± 13.5, and the score was lower in the Invisalign® group than in the bracket group (p = 0.002). Among the variables included in the ICON assessment, only the aesthetic variable was lower in the Invisalign® group than in the bracket group (p < 0.001). The Frankfort-mandibular plane angle was 27.9 ± 5.1 degrees. Finally, the E-line of the lower lip was lower in the Invisalign® group than in the bracket group (1.5 ± 2.4 versus 2.8 ± 3.1, p = 0.005). Conclusions. Older patients showed a greater intention to choose Invisalign® treatment for improving the appearance of their teeth than younger patients, who chose metal bracket treatment. The demand for Invisalign® aligner treatment for aesthetic reasons was substantial. A soft tissue profile with more protrusive lower lips and a greater need for orthodontic treatment was found in the bracket group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Han Liao
- Department of Dentistry and Craniofacial Orthodontics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Jason Chen-Chieh Fang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - I-Kuan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Shing Huang
- Craniofacial Research Center, Department Craniofacial Orthodontics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Ling Chen
- Department of Dentistry and Craniofacial Orthodontics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (H.-L.C.); (T.-H.Y.)
| | - Tzung-Hai Yen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Clinical Poison Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-L.C.); (T.-H.Y.)
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Omeish N, Nassif A, Feghali S, Vi‐Fane B, Bosco J. Esthetic and functional rehabilitation of peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors: Practical recommendations. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e05507. [PMID: 35261773 PMCID: PMC8888921 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors cause many functional and esthetic major consequences in affected patients. Their esthetic and functional rehabilitations are often multidisciplinary, involving different clinical procedures like periodontal, orthodontic, or prosthodontic procedures. No exhaustive protocol has been established to improve their comprehensive management by general dentists or specialists. The aim of this article is to elaborate a simplified clinical protocol of complete management of peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors by a multidisciplinary team (general practitioners, orthodontists, and prosthodontists). A clinical case of two peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors completely rehabilitated with multidisciplinary approaches including orthodontic treatment and restoration by veneers and direct composite resin, according to the established protocol. Extraoral, intraoral, and smile clinical analysis are crucial to ensure optimal rehabilitation. Treatment results previsualization via wax-up and/or mock-up play a key role in the communication between practitioner and patient to help the latter make decision. These options also facilitate the achievement of a multidisciplinary approach by accurately estimating the number of dental movements and the type of restorations that are most suitable to the presenting clinical situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Omeish
- Université de ParisFaculté d’OdontologieSite GarancièreParisFrance
- Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de ParisHôpital Pitié–SalpêtrièreService OdontologieParisFrance
| | - Ali Nassif
- Université de ParisFaculté d’OdontologieSite GarancièreParisFrance
- Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de ParisHôpital Pitié–SalpêtrièreService OdontologieParisFrance
- Service d'Orthopédie Dento‐FacialeSites Hospitaliers Pitié Salpêtrière et RothschildCentre de Référence Maladies Rares Orales et Dentaires (O‐Rares)AP‐HPParisFrance
| | - Sara Feghali
- Université de ParisFaculté d’OdontologieSite GarancièreParisFrance
- Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de ParisHôpital Pitié–SalpêtrièreService OdontologieParisFrance
- Service d'Orthopédie Dento‐FacialeSites Hospitaliers Pitié Salpêtrière et RothschildCentre de Référence Maladies Rares Orales et Dentaires (O‐Rares)AP‐HPParisFrance
| | - Brigitte Vi‐Fane
- Université de ParisFaculté d’OdontologieSite GarancièreParisFrance
- Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de ParisHôpital Pitié–SalpêtrièreService OdontologieParisFrance
- Service d'Orthopédie Dento‐FacialeSites Hospitaliers Pitié Salpêtrière et RothschildCentre de Référence Maladies Rares Orales et Dentaires (O‐Rares)AP‐HPParisFrance
| | - Julia Bosco
- Université de ParisFaculté d’OdontologieSite GarancièreParisFrance
- Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de ParisHôpital Pitié–SalpêtrièreService OdontologieParisFrance
- Université de LyonUniversité Lyon 1Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et des InterfacesUMR CNRS 5615LyonFrance
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Sangalli L, Dalessandri D, Bonetti S, Mandelli G, Visconti L, Savoldi F. Proposed parameters of optimal central incisor positioning in orthodontic treatment planning: A systematic review. Korean J Orthod 2022; 52:53-65. [PMID: 35046142 PMCID: PMC8770963 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2022.52.1.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Planning of incisal position is crucial for optimal orthodontic treatment outcomes due to its consequences on facial esthetics and occlusion. A systematic summary of the proposed parameters is presented. METHODS Studies on Google Scholar©, PubMed©, and Cochrane Library, providing quantitative information on optimal central incisor position were included. RESULTS Upper incisors supero-inferior position (4-5 mm to upper lip, 67-73 mm to axial plane through pupils), antero-posterior position (3-4 mm to Nasion-A, 3-6 mm to A-Pogonion, 9-12 mm to true vertical line, 5 mm to A-projection, 9-10 mm to coronal plane through pupils), bucco-lingual angulation (4-7° to occlusal plane perpendicular on models, 20-22° to Nasion-A, 57-58° to upper occlusal plane, 16-20° to coronal plane through pupils, 108-110° to anterior-posterior nasal spine), mesio-distal angulation (5° to occlusal plane perpendicular on models). Lower incisors supero-inferior position (41-48 mm to soft-tissue mandibular plane), antero-posterior position (3-4 mm to Nasion-B, 1-3 mm to A-Pogonion, 12-15 mm to true vertical line, 6-8 mm to coronal plane through pupils), bucco-lingual angulation (1-4° to occlusal plane perpendicular on models, 87-94° to mandibular plane, 68° to Frankfurt plane, 22-25° to Nasion-B, 105° to occlusal plane, 64° to lower occlusal plane, 21° to A-Pogonion), mesio-distal angulation (2° to occlusal plane perpendicular on models). CONCLUSIONS Although these findings can provide clinical guideline, they derive from heterogeneous studies in terms of subject characteristics and reference methods. Therefore, the optimal incisal position remains debatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sangalli
- Dental School, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Division of Orofacial Pain, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Domenico Dalessandri
- Dental School, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Bonetti
- Dental School, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gualtiero Mandelli
- Dental School, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luca Visconti
- Dental School, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabio Savoldi
- Orthodontics, Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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Peg-Shaped Lateral Incisors Treated with Ceramic Three-Quarter Crown. Case Rep Dent 2022; 2021:9412638. [PMID: 35003812 PMCID: PMC8731267 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9412638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, patients' expectations are becoming higher in terms of esthetic dentistry. Having the ideal smile is becoming a purpose as the appearance of stars and famous persons have been undoubtedly improved through smile correction. Peg-shaped lateral incisors are a common dental form aberration which could distort the smile and may hamper patient psychology because of the smaller shape and size in disharmony with other teeth. Three-quarter ceramic veneers are a mini-invasive approach which could solve the esthetic problem of peg-shaped teeth and ensure patient's satisfaction. The present paper was about a clinical case with peg-shaped lateral incisors treated with three-quarter ceramic crowns. It would also highlight the preparation particularities.
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Rizzatti-Barbosa C, De Albergaria-Barbosa J, Sattler S. Sattler medbeauty seven protocol for compensatory soft-tissue filling in orthodontic class ii patients: Case series. ADVANCES IN HUMAN BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_63_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Tanaka OM, Ribeiro VG, Gasparello GG, Reyes AA, Taffarel IA, Vitral RWF. Smile Arc Esthetics in Middle-Aged Man from the Layperson’s Perspective Via Eye-Tracking. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2022.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Nascimento MHA, Brandão KMN, Menezes CCD, Machado AW, Santamaria-Jr M. Orthodontists' preferences regarding the difference of bracket bonding height between the maxillary incisors. Dental Press J Orthod 2021; 26:e212031. [PMID: 34932712 PMCID: PMC8690329 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.26.6.e212031.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The vertical position of orthodontic brackets in maxillary incisors may influence the incisal step between the anterior teeth and thereby interfere with the smile esthetics. Even so, esthetic standards have been modified over time and consistently required technical adjustments. Objective: This study analyzed orthodontists’ preferences regarding the difference of bracket bonding height between the maxillary central incisors (MCI) and maxillary lateral incisors (MLI), and further determined whether the orthodontist sex, age and time of specialization have association to their choices. Methods: This study collected data through an electronic form. Study participants analyzed a clinical case in which they indicated their preference for bracket bonding height. The placement height options ranged from 3.0 mm to 5.5 mm from the incisal edge, with 0.5-mm intervals, or at the clinical crown center (CCC). The difference in the bonding height between the MCI and MLI was analyzed, considering the formation of incisal steps between these teeth. Results: Participants indicated that the difference in bracket bonding height between the MCI and MLI should be as follows: 0 mm (3.9%); 0.5 mm (78.3%); 1 mm (7.6%); 1.5 mm (0.2%); and CCC (9.9%). There was no statistically significant correlation between the choice for bracket bonding height and sex, age and time since specialization. Conclusion: Most participating orthodontists choose the 0.5-mm difference in bracket placement height between the MCI and MLI. The variables sex, age and time since specialization did not influence this choice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carolina Carmo de Menezes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ortodontia do Centro Universitário da Fundação Hermínio Ometto-FHO (Araras/SP, Brazil)
| | - André Wilson Machado
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Ortodontia (Salvador/BA, Brazil)
| | - Milton Santamaria-Jr
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ortodontia do Centro Universitário da Fundação Hermínio Ometto-FHO (Araras/SP, Brazil)
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The Impact of Dental Midline on Asymmetric Faces: Perspective of Laypersons and Dentists. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182412904. [PMID: 34948515 PMCID: PMC8701392 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182412904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The objective was to determine if asymmetric facial features, nasal and chin deviations, affect the perception of attractiveness of a dental midline angulation, and if it is consistent among both dentists and laypeople. It was also analyzed if factors, such as the sex, age group of the participants and the dentist’s area of operation are relevant in their assessment. Methods: A cross-sectional study, approved by the Ethics Committee of Fernando Pessoa University. From a symmetrical facial model (SFM) image, a natural-looking asymmetrical face was created. Based on this asymmetric facial model six images were created, with different directions and degrees of inclination of the dental midline. In total, 236 laypersons and 242 dentists completed the online questionnaire where they rated the self-perception of attractiveness of the eight images (VAS scale from 0 to 10). Non-parametric comparisons (IBM© SPSS Statistics vs. 27.0, p < 0.05). Results: The results showed a significant difference in the perception of attractiveness between laypeople and dentists. This finding was consistent regarding every image, except for the SFM. The factors, sex of the people participating and dentist’s area of operation, seemed only to contribute to a significant difference in the perception when it came to the SFM. The perceived attractiveness of the images, for dentists and laypersons, did not differ by age group of the participant, apart from images 6 and 8. Conclusions: Dentists are more rigorous about dental midline inclinations than laypersons. The perception of attractiveness was affected by the age group and sex of the participants and the dentist’s area of operation.
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Abadíe Miranda MA, Lugo-Varillas JG, Albites Achata ÚMD. [Esthetic perception of the smile according to gingival exposure in university students in Lima, Peru, 2020]. REVISTA CIENTÍFICA ODONTOLÓGICA 2021; 9:e081. [PMID: 38463721 PMCID: PMC10919795 DOI: 10.21142/2523-2754-0904-2021-081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the esthetic perception of the smile according to gingival exposure in undergraduate university students of dentistry and other degrees of different ages and sex in Lima, Peru 2020, and descriptively evaluate the main variables such as age and sex. Methodology A woman's smile was photographed following esthetic parameters, digitally modifying gingival exposure and obtaining six digital images. The images were rated by 512 students of dentistry and other degrees by means of a virtual survey using the Visual Analog Scale (values 0 to 10). Results The students perceived the 0.5 mm gingival exposure smile as more attractive and the 2.5 mm gingival exposure smile as unattractive. According to age, students aged 18 to 23 years perceived the 0.5 mm gingival exposure smile as more attractive and the 2.5 mm gingival exposure smile as less attractive, while students aged 24 to 29 years perceived the 1 mm gingival exposure smile as more attractive and the 2 mm gingival exposure smile as unattractive. According to gender, both found the 0.5 mm gingival exposure smile more attractive and the 2.5mm gingival exposure smile unattractive. Conclusions University students of dentistry and other degrees had the same perception of the smile in relation to gingival exposure, with a smile of 0.5 mm gingival exposure being considered attractive and the 2.5 mm smile unattractive. Younger students considered the smile with 0.5 mm gingival exposure more pleasant. Students of both sexes had the same esthetic perception of the smile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mery Angela Abadíe Miranda
- Carrera de Estomatología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Científica del Sur. Lima, Perú. , , Universidad Científica del Sur Carrera de Estomatología Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Científica del Sur Lima Peru
| | - Jocelyn Graciela Lugo-Varillas
- Carrera de Estomatología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Científica del Sur. Lima, Perú. , , Universidad Científica del Sur Carrera de Estomatología Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Científica del Sur Lima Peru
| | - Úrsula María Dolores Albites Achata
- Carrera de Estomatología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Científica del Sur. Lima, Perú. , , Universidad Científica del Sur Carrera de Estomatología Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Científica del Sur Lima Peru
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Castellucci M, Mathias P. Planning and orthodontic preparation for maxillary incisors reshaping. Dental Press J Orthod 2021; 26:e21spe4. [PMID: 34524383 PMCID: PMC8439189 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.26.4.e21spe4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Having a beautiful smile is the main desire of people seeking dental treatment. To achieve this goal, many variables must be considered. These include tooth alignment, color, shape and size, besides their harmonious relationship with the lips and face. An individualized diagnosis is essential to achieve the best result. Within this context, facial analysis and the characteristics of shape, size and position of maxillary incisors play a key role. Methods: This paper describes clinical situations in which interdisciplinary treatment was performed to achieve esthetic results in a conservative manner and ensuring greater stability. In most cases requiring reshaping of maxillary incisors for esthetic reasons, prior orthodontic movement is essential. The main focus of this paper is to discuss the many variables involved in these situations. Results and Conclusion: The results of treatments described in this paper were obtained by means of a multidisciplinary approach, involving Orthodontics and Esthetic Dentistry, acting in harmony and recognizing their possibilities and limitations, in order to offer patients the best esthetic solution for their smile. The best treatment option is not always the easiest or fastest. The dentist, as a health professional, should consider the patients’ wishes but also perform treatments with minimal intervention, and the best and most predictable esthetic result, also focusing on function and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Castellucci
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Departamento de Odontologia Social e Pediátrica (Salvador/BA, Brazil)
| | - Paula Mathias
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Departamento de Clínica Odontológica (Salvador/BA, Brazil)
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Influencing Factors on Aesthetics: Highly Controlled Study Based on Eye Movement and the Forensic Aspects in Computer-Based Assessment of Visual Appeal in Upper Front Teeth. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11156797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
First impressions are formed by the external appearance and, in this respect, essentially by an examination of the face. In the literature, the teeth, especially the maxillary front, are among an eye-catching and sensitive area that plays a significant role in the overall evaluation of appearance. In this study, the first eye fixation of 60 subjects with different levels of dental training (layperson, trained layperson, dental student, and dentist) is recorded using an eye-tracking system, and their subsequent evaluation of the images is recorded. Ten unedited original photographs of different maxillary anterior teeth and ten subsequently edited photographs will be used to evaluate forensic aspects such as the effect of symmetry and color on the overall evaluation. The results will be used to determine which areas of the maxillary anterior are demonstrably viewed and whether knowledge of dental esthetics influences evaluation and viewing.
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Abstract
Summary
Background/Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate in the esthetic perceptions of 2nd grade dental students before and after training.
Material and Methods: A total of 16 photographs which contain golden ratio, buccal corridor, midline deviation, incisal embrasure, lip line, midline diastema, dark triangles and smile arc were shown to 78 dental students (33 male, 45 female). Immediately after the training about the smile esthetics, the same photos were shown again. The effect of gender on esthetic perception was also examined, in addition to assessing the effects of education on esthetic perception. Pearson Chi-square, Fisher’s Exact test and McNemar test were used in the analysis of the results.
Results: According to the results of the analysis, it was found that the answers of the smile arc before and after the education were statistically significant (p< 0.05). Accordingly, the rate of correct answers of women is statistically higher than that of men. A statistically significant difference was found between the responses to the gingival appearance in the smile before and after the education (p< 0.05).
Conclusions: Based on the limited results of this study, professional dental education may affect the esthetic evaluation of smile. There were differences in the esthetic perception of women and men.
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Arroyo-Cruz G, Orozco-Varo A, Vilches-Ahumada M, Jiménez-Castellanos E. Comparative analysis of smile aesthetics between top celebrity smile and a Southern European population. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 128:1336-1341. [PMID: 34023141 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The analysis of different parameters involved in the esthetic perception of the smile is important for the correct planning of cosmetic dental treatments. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in the main parameters of smile esthetics among celebrities identified as having the best esthetic smiles and a young Southern European population. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study consisted of a control group of 144 dental students from the University of Seville (69.4% women; 30.6% men) with a mean ±standard deviation age of 23.19 ±0.5 years and photographs of 58 celebrities identified as having the best esthetic smiles (74.1% women; 25.9% men) with a mean ±standard deviation age of 42.09 ±2.25 years. Photographs of the celebrities were obtained from the Internet, and standardized photographs were made of the control group. The variables measured were smile line, smile arc, incisal edges and lower lip relationship, smile width, dental midline deviation and tilting, buccal corridor widths, and angulation discrepancy between interpupillary line and commissural line and between interpupillary line and occlusal plane. The data obtained were processed in a statistical software program for a descriptive statistical analysis and for inferential analysis parametric statistical tests by applying the Wilcoxon, chi-square, Student t, and kappa index tests (α=.05). RESULTS Statistically significant differences (P<.01) were found between the groups in terms of smile width, smile arc, midline deviation and tilting, and angulation discrepancy between the interpupillary line and the commissural line. Smile arc was the only variable found to be different (P<.01) in relation to sex. CONCLUSIONS Characteristics of the most esthetic smiles were no deviation or tilting of the maxillary midline, showing a greater number of teeth in the smile, displaying incisal edges parallel to the lower lip (particularly in women), and displaying occlusal and commissural planes parallel to the interpupillary line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Arroyo-Cruz
- Assistant Professor in Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Orozco-Varo
- Assistant Professor in Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
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Miranda AGF, Godoi APTD, Menezes CCD, Vedovello Filho M, Venezian GC. The influence of elastomeric ligatures pigmentation on smile aesthetics during orthodontic treatment. Dental Press J Orthod 2021; 26:e2119199. [PMID: 34008739 PMCID: PMC8130369 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.26.2.e2119199.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the influence of elastomeric ligatures, subjected to a previous in vitro pigmentation process using different substances, on smile aesthetics during orthodontic treatment, from the perception of students and professionals. METHODS Eight elastomeric ligatures of five commercial brands (3M/Unitek, American Orthodontics, Morelli, Ortho Technology, and Orthometric) (n=8) were immersed in coffee, Coca-Cola, and red wine for one minute per day, for 28 days; and another group of ligatures was immersed in artificial saliva. All samples were photographed and subsequently analyzed using the Adobe Photoshop software, by the RGB method. Afterwards, the pigmented ligatures were inserted in a patient wearing orthodontic brackets, and zoomed photographs of the smile were taken and presented to 40 evaluators, who filled in a satisfaction scale sheet to express their opinion on the smile aesthetics of each photograph. The color data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests. RESULTS The substance with the highest pigmentation potential was coffee (p< 0.05) followed by red wine (p< 0.05). Comparison among the brands used in this study showed that American Orthodontics and Orthometric had the lowest degree of pigmentation when immersed in coffee and red wine (p< 0.05), respectively. However, the brand that showed the highest level of satisfaction among the evaluators was Ortho Technology. CONCLUSIONS The presence of pigmented elastomeric ligatures affected smile aesthetics, when compared with the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mário Vedovello Filho
- Centro Universitário da Fundação Hermínio Ometto, Departamento de Odontologia (Araras/SP, Brazil)
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Commentary on An Objective, Quantitative Assessment of Flexible Hyaluronic Acid Fillers in Lip and Perioral Enhancement. Dermatol Surg 2021; 47:643-644. [PMID: 33899791 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000002966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Seager L, Shah J, Burke T, Khambay B. A study of smile aesthetic perception among dental professionals, patients and parents towards impacted maxillary canine treatment options. J Orthod 2021; 48:250-259. [PMID: 33769125 DOI: 10.1177/14653125211002191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the smile aesthetics of the different treatment options for impacted maxillary canines as perceived by orthodontists, dentists, patients and parents. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Four rater groups were selected to complete the questionnaire consisting of an orthodontist group, a general dental practitioner group, a patient group consisting of patients aged 11-18 years who were considered to be 'Gillick competent' and a parent group consisting of parents/guardians who accompanied the patients to their orthodontic appointments. METHOD Four digitally manipulated images were created to imitate different treatment options available for the treatment of ectopic maxillary canines including: alignment of the impacted maxillary canine; substituted premolars; retained deciduous canines; or gaps present. The images were embedded into piloted questionnaires. Each participant completing the questionnaire was asked to mark the visual analogue scale (VAS) beneath each image according to their perception of attractiveness of each image. Quantitative scoring of the perceived attractiveness of the smile was assessed by one calibrated assessor measuring the distance from the start of the scale to the marked cross placed on the VAS. A two-way ANOVA (mixed between-within subject's ANOVA) was used to compare perception of differences in smile aesthetics. RESULTS There were significant differences found in the VAS between the groups (P = 0.002) and between the treatment options (P < 0.001) There was no statistically significant difference found between the aligned canines and substituted premolars images by the patient (P = 0.2) or parent group (P = 0.5). All groups most disliked the treatment option where gaps were present at the end of treatment. CONCLUSION The patient and parent groups showed similar perception in smile aesthetics for aligned canines and substituted premolars and all groups showed a strong dislike to the presence of gaps. The orthodontist group showed the most critical aesthetic perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Seager
- Department of Orthodontics, Royal Stoke University Hospital and Birmingham Dental Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jinesh Shah
- Department of Orthodontics, Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Trevor Burke
- Birmingham Dental School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Al-Lahham A, Souza PHC, Miyoshi CS, Ignácio SA, Meira TM, Tanaka OM. An eye-tracking and visual analogue scale attractiveness evaluation of black space between the maxillary central incisors. Dental Press J Orthod 2021; 26:e211928. [PMID: 33759965 PMCID: PMC8018749 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.26.1.e211928.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To study the influence of black space between the maxillary central incisors on the aesthetic visual perception of the face, via eye-tracking and visual analogue scale (VAS). Methods: Black space between the central incisors was created, for both sexes, as follows: control, 1-mm black space, 2-mm black space and 3-mm black space. Ninety raters participated in this study, divided into three groups: 30 laypeople, 30 nonorthodontists, and 30 orthodontists. After the visual calibration of each observer, eight photographs were presented in the Ogama® software concomitant with the use of the hardware The Eye Tribe®. Ogama generated information depending on the eye-tracking of each rater, regarding the time until the first fixation, time of fixation, heatmap, scanpath, and total time of fixation, to evaluate the areas deemed to be of interest according to the raters. Later on, the VAS was used, where each rater evaluated the images in an album on a scale of zero to 10 points. Results: The eyes and mouth were the areas more often noticed by the raters according to the heatmaps, while no significant difference was observed in time until the first fixation between the three groups of raters (p> 0.05). However, regarding the time of fixation on the mouth, a significant difference was observed (p< 0.05) when comparing the three groups. Conclusion: Black space has a negative effect on the aesthetic perception of the face. The amount of attention on the mouth is correspondent to the size of the black space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Al-Lahham
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Escola de Ciências da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Área de Concentração em Clínica Odontológica Integrada - Ortodontia (Curitiba/PR, Brazil)
| | - Paulo Henrique Couto Souza
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Escola de Ciências da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Área de Concentração em Clínica Odontológica Integrada - Ortodontia (Curitiba/PR, Brazil).,Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Escola de Ciências da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Área de Concentração em Clínica Odontológica Integrada - Estomatologia (Curitiba/PR, Brazil)
| | - Caio Seiti Miyoshi
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Escola de Ciências da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Área de Concentração em Clínica Odontológica Integrada - Ortodontia (Curitiba/PR, Brazil)
| | - Sérgio Aparecido Ignácio
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Escola de Ciências da Vida, Disciplina de Bioestatística (Curitiba/PR, Brazil)
| | - Thiago Martins Meira
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Escola de Ciências da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Área de Concentração em Clínica Odontológica Integrada - Ortodontia (Curitiba/PR, Brazil).,Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Departamento de Educação XII (Guanambi/BA, Brazil)
| | - Orlando Motohiro Tanaka
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Escola de Ciências da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Área de Concentração em Clínica Odontológica Integrada - Ortodontia (Curitiba/PR, Brazil)
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Pham TAV, Nguyen PA. Morphological features of smile attractiveness and related factors influence perception and gingival aesthetic parameters. Int Dent J 2021; 72:67-75. [PMID: 33707026 PMCID: PMC9275111 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In addition to understanding the basic standards of a smile and patient's opinion, dentists should take into account smile aesthetics, an essential factor for optimal outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the factors that affect the perception of an aesthetic smile and determine its morphological characteristics and measure the gingival aesthetic parameters. METHODS In all, 200 Vietnamese aged 18-35 years were recruited to have their spontaneous smiles captured. These smile images were assessed by 50 laypersons and 50 dentists using a visual analogue scale measurement. The images were analysed to evaluate perceptions of evaluators, determine smile attractiveness, and measure gingival aesthetics. RESULTS The difference in the judgements of laypersons and dentists, males and females, and laypersons aged 18-25 and 26-35 years were nonsignificant. High or average anterior smile line, parallel smile arc, upward upper lip curvature, second premolars as the posterior-most teeth displayed, smile index of 5.23-5.63, and dynamic smile symmetry of 1 were scored highly on smile attractiveness. The following maxillary gingival aesthetic parameters were preferred: gingival zenith (GZ) of the canine 0.72-0.75 mm apical to the GZ of the central incisor; GZ of the lateral incisor 0.66 mm coronal to the gingival line; gingival line angle of ∼87°; for the central incisor, lateral incisor, and canines, distance from the GZ to the long axis of 1, 0.4, and 0 mm, respectively; interdental papilla height of 4.25, 3.60, and 3.85 mm, respectively; ratio of the distance from the GZ and the interdental papilla tip to the incisal edge of ∼1.74-1.77 mm. CONCLUSIONS Factors including profession, gender, and age of evaluators had almost no impact on their perception of aesthetics. Smile attractiveness characteristics and gingival aesthetic parameters have clinical applicability for patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Anh Vu Pham
- Division of Odonto-Stomatology, School of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Phuc Anh Nguyen
- Division of Odonto-Stomatology, School of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Jiang X, Cao Z, Yao Y, Zhao Z, Liao W. Aesthetic evaluation of the labiolingual position of maxillary lateral incisors by orthodontists and laypersons. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:42. [PMID: 33482798 PMCID: PMC7821676 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01402-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The maxillary anterior teeth play a crucial role in smile aesthetics. Previous studies regarding the importance of maxillary lateral incisors for smile aesthetics concentrated on their size, incisor edge level, and inclination, etc. However, the aesthetic effect of lateral incisor movement in the spatial position has not been studied yet. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the influence of the labiolingual position of maxillary lateral incisors on the aesthetic perception of smiles by orthodontists and laypersons, as well as analyze differences in this perception between male and female raters. METHODS A three-dimensional (3D) dental model was generated from the photograph of a man's smile using iOrtho7.0 software (Time Angel, Wuxi, China). Based on this model, seven images were generated with different labiolingual positions of the maxillary lateral incisors in 0.5 mm increments (+ indicating labial translation, and-indicating lingual translation). The images were evaluated by 86 orthodontists and 161 laypersons using a visual analog scale, with lower scores indicating less attractiveness. Data were analyzed using Student's t test and one-way analysis of variance with post hoc test. RESULTS There was no significant difference in smile ratings by males and females. Orthodontists assigned lower scores to all images than laypersons. The smile at + 1.5 mm was considered the least attractive by orthodontists, while smiles at + 1.5 mm and - 1.5 mm were regarded as the least attractive by laypersons. The smile at 0 mm was evaluated as the most attractive by all raters. Laypersons gave different scores to smiles at 0 or - 0.5 mm, but orthodontists did not. CONCLUSIONS The labiolingual position of maxillary lateral incisors does affect the perception of smile aesthetics. Orthodontists may rate smile aesthetics more critically than laypersons. Therefore, communication and discussion between orthodontists and patients is needed to achieve better therapeutic and aesthetic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Implant Dentistry, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, 3rd section of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wen Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, 3rd section of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
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Chaves PRB, Karam AM, Machado AW. Does the presence of maxillary midline diastema influence the perception of dentofacial esthetics in video analysis? Angle Orthod 2021; 91:54-60. [PMID: 33289783 DOI: 10.2319/032020-200.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of a midline diastema on dentofacial esthetic perceptions of orthodontists, restorative dental specialists or prosthodontists, and laypersons in a frontal facial evaluation performed by means of video. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two individuals aged between 20 and 25 years, one of each gender, with presence of a midline diastema were selected. An acrylic resin mockup was made of the maxillary anterior region, simulating ideal conditions of smile esthetics. Four standardized frontal view videos of the complete face were filmed of each individual in the following situations: with the ideal smile (unchanged mockup) and with the presence of midline diastemas of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mm created by the mockup. In all videos, the patient said a certain sentence and, at the end, simulated a posed smile. Dentofacial esthetic perceptions of all four videos of each individual were evaluated by 51 orthodontists, 51 restorative dental specialists or prosthodontists, and 51 laypersons by means of visual analog scales. Data were evaluated using analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test, with the level of significance set at 5%. RESULTS The most attractive videos for all groups of examiners were those without diastema and with a diastema of 0.5 mm, for both the woman and the man. For a diastema of 1 mm or 1.5 mm, the dentofacial characteristics were considered unesthetic. CONCLUSIONS Diastemas equal to or greater than 1 mm negatively influence dentofacial esthetics in a frontal facial evaluation performed by means of video.
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Vasques WF, Sá TA, Martins FV, Fonseca EM. Composite resin CAD-CAM restorations for a midline diastema closure: A clinical report. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 127:206-209. [PMID: 33248676 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A diastema between the maxillary central incisors affects an esthetic smile and has been treated in various ways. Precise diagnosis is essential to guide the choice of the most appropriate treatment. This clinical report describes closing a maxillary midline diastema with a computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) composite resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley F Vasques
- PhD student, College of Dentistry, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Thamir A Sá
- Doctor of Dental Surgery, College of Denstistry, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe V Martins
- PhD student, College of Dentistry, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Edgard M Fonseca
- Professor, Department of Dental Technique, College of Denstistry, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Janu A, Azam A, Tandon R, Chandra P, Kulshrestha R, Umale V. Photographic Evaluation, Analysis and Comparison of Aesthetically Pleasing Smiles: A Prospective Study. Turk J Orthod 2020; 33:177-182. [PMID: 32974064 DOI: 10.5152/turkjorthod.2020.19060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the differences in aesthetically pleasing smiles and compare the smile arc parameters in males and females by dental specialists using photographs. Methods The study was conducted on 500 North Indian subjects (Indo-Aryan race; 212 males and 288 females) aged 17-25 years (mean age, males=21.1 years; females=23.4 years), with reasonably pleasing smiles. The facial photographs were taken using a DSLR camera. The standardized photographs were shown to 30 judges for evaluation and rated using the visual analog scale. The smiles were categorized into attractive, fair, and average. The quantification of the smile characteristics was done by using an objective method that involved identifying consonant and non-consonant smiles. Results The association between smile arc and smile attractiveness was significant (p=0.018) in females. The buccal corridor width was higher among those with fair to attractive smiles as compared with those with an average smile (p=0.018). Most subjects with an attractive smile had a smile arc parallel to the upper lip as compared with most subjects with a fair or average smile who did not have the smile arc in parallel (p=0.006). Conclusion Most females were in the fair to attractive category whereas most males were in the average to fair category. The buccal corridor width was found to be higher among those with a fair to attractive smile as compared with those with an average smile. There was an association between smile arc and smile attractiveness in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Janu
- Department of Dentistry, JLN Medical College and Hospital, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Aftab Azam
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ragni Tandon
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pratik Chandra
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rohit Kulshrestha
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Terna Dental College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vinay Umale
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Yogita Dental College, Khed, Maharashtra, India
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GEDUK Ş, ŞAHİN O, VELİOĞLU N. Comparison of Subjective Esthetic Perceptions of Dentists with Different Sex and Clinical Experiences with Objective Dentolabial Esthetic Measurements. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.694342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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