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Eldeeb AI, Tamish NO, Madian AM. Effect of Biomin F toothpaste and Diode laser on remineralization of white spot lesions (in vitro study). BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:866. [PMID: 39080606 PMCID: PMC11290108 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND White-spot lesions are considered an initial carious stage characterized by an outer enamel layer with significantly reduced mineralization. This study was conducted to assess the combined effect of Biomin F toothpaste and Diode laser on remineralization of white spot lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS An invitro study conducted on a total of 30 premolars divided into three groups; Group A (Biomin F Tooth paste), Group B (Biomin F with laser application for 30 sec), Group C (Negative control). The three groups were submitted to three stages; stage 1:Baseline,stage 2:After demineralization ,and stage 3:After remineralization. In each stage, elemental analysis(calcium, phosphorus, and fluoride)was measured quantitatively using Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and qualitatively by micrographs using scanning electron microscope. The data were tested to find significant difference between mineral changes during stages by using (ANOVA) test and Bonferroni test. RESULTS Calcium, phosphorus and fluoride ions decreased in all groups after demineralization. In stage 3, after application of remineralizing agents, Calcium ions increased significantly in groups A and B where p<.05. As regards to the phosphorus ions, a significant increase was observed in all groups with group A showed the highest gain as phosphorus level percentage change (%mass) was 56.52±18.02 . Fluoride ions increased significantly in groups A and B (p<0.05) but decreased significantly in group C. There was no statistical significant difference between group A and B (p ≥.05) in calcium, phosphorus, and fluoride level after remineralization. CONCLUSION Within the limitation of the present study, we concluded that Biomin F toothpaste is promising in the repairing of white spot lesions on the surface of the demineralized enamel. Diode laser did not affect the remineralizing ability of Biomin F toothpaste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira I Eldeeb
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Nazla O Tamish
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Madian
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Mapar M, Gholizadeh S, Moalemnia M. Effects of Two Remineralizing Agents in Combination with Er:YAG and CO 2 Laser Irradiation on Microhardness of Demineralized Enamel: A Preliminary In Vitro Study. Front Dent 2024; 21:11. [PMID: 38742220 PMCID: PMC11089429 DOI: 10.18502/fid.v21i11.15223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study assessed the effects of two remineralizing agents namely MI Paste Plus containing casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACFP) and Remin Pro containing hydroxyapatite, fluoride and xylitol (HFX) with/without erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) and CO2 laser irradiation on demineralized enamel microhardness. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 70 sound human premolars were mesiodistally sectioned, demineralized at a pH of 4.6 for 8 hours, and randomly divided into 7 remineralization groups (n=10): of (I) MI Paste Plus (CPP-ACFP), (II) Remin Pro (HFX), (III) MI Paste Plus+CO2 laser (0.7 W power, 50 Hz), (IV) Remin Pro+CO2 laser, (V) MI Paste Plus+Er:YAG laser (1 W power, 10 Hz), (VI) Remin Pro+Er:YAG laser, and (VII) negative control. The Vickers hardness number of specimens was then measured. The groups were compared by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). Results: The mean microhardness was 319.8±49.9, 325.3±44.6, 359.4±35.7, 296.4±33.7, 319.9±58.1, 358.9±28.4, and 240.0±41.6 kg/mm2 in groups 1 to 7, respectively. The difference in microhardness was significant among the groups (P<0.0001). Pairwise comparisons revealed significant differences in microhardness between all groups (P≤0.03) except between groups 1 and 2, 1 and 5, 2 and 5, and 3 and 6 (P>0.05). Conclusion: Both Remin Pro (containing HFX) and MI Paste Plus (containing CPP-ACFP) can cause enamel remineralization. MI Paste Plus+CO2 laser irradiation and Remin Pro+Er:YAG laser irradiation were significantly more effective than the application of each remineralizing agent alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Mapar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sara Gholizadeh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Khorasgan Islamic Azad Dental School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mina Moalemnia
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Ahmed T, Fareen N, Alam MK. Effect of re-mineralizing surface treatment on the shear bond strength of orthodontic bracket: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in-vitro studies. Int Orthod 2023; 21:100807. [PMID: 37647675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2023.100807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Re-mineralizing surface pretreatment is essential for both controlling and preventing white spot lesion (WSL) throughout the time of fixed orthodontic treatment. It is also important that the re-mineralizing have no negative impact on the bonding between the bracket, adhesive, and enamel. Therefore, this review is aimed to investigate the orthodontic brackets' shear bond strength after re-mineralizing surface treatment of enamel. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY The review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. In-vitro experimental studies measuring shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets on both demineralized and intact enamel following re-mineralizing surface treatment were included. Database search was done in PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct during July 2023. Methodological quality of the studies was assessed according to the guidelines for the reporting of pre-clinical in-vitro studies. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses of the included studies were done. RESULTS Matching the inclusion criteria, 46 and 37 studies were selected for qualitative and quantitative analysis respectively. On intact enamel re-mineralizing agents had no negative impact on the brackets' SBS. On the contrary, they seemed to enhance the bond strength remarkably on the demineralized enamel. DISCUSSION Re-mineralizing surface pretreatment is crucial prior to fixed orthodontic treatment as it did not reduce the bond strength. Although, it cannot be judged depending solely on the in-vitro results with high heterogeneity. Clinical evidence is required to support the statement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamzid Ahmed
- Department of Science of Dental Materials, Bangladesh Dental College, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Nashid Fareen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bangladesh Dental College, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Mohammad Khursheed Alam
- Orthodontic Division, Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Yacout YM, Nabawy YA, El-Harouni NM, Yousry TN. Shear bond strength of metallic brackets bonded to enamel pretreated with CPP-ACP: a systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:440. [PMID: 37393280 PMCID: PMC10315045 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of white spot lesions (WSLs) is common among orthodontic patients. Several measures have been introduced to prevent and remineralize the lesions. Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) is used for both prevention and remineralization. The effect of its application before bonding is controversial. This systematic review was conducted to investigate the most up to date available literature regarding the effect of CPP-ACP enamel pre-treatment on shear bond strength (SBS) of metallic orthodontic brackets. METHODS A search was conducted in electronic databases (MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Google scholar (grey literature)) up to March 29th, 2023. The inclusion criteria included in vitro studies comparing the SBS of metal orthodontic brackets following pre-treatment of enamel using CPP-ACP versus control. The exclusion criteria included study types other than in vitro studies, studies conducted on non-human enamel, or studies using CPP-ACP in combination with another intervention. The included studies were analysed by two reviewers, independently. The risk of bias assessment was done using a modified risk of bias tool. A Meta-analysis was performed. I2 values and Q-test were used for assessment of heterogeneity. Results were displayed in forest plots with a random-effects model. Standardized mean difference, standard error (SE) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for all studies. RESULTS The search resulted in 76 articles. After duplicate removal and assessment for eligibility, 15 studies were included in the review. High statistical heterogeneity was found among the included studies using I2 values and Q-Test (I2 = 95.147%; Q = 288.456; df = 14; P < 0.001). The overall effect of CPP-ACP pre-treatment on the SBS of metal orthodontic brackets was not significant (Mean difference = 1.163 MPa, SE = 0.757, 95% CI = -0.321, 2.648, p value = 0.125). The use of CPP-ACP for prevention of WSLs did not significantly affect the SBS of brackets (Standardized mean difference = 1.009, SE = 0.884, 95% CI = -0.723, 2.740, p value = 0.254). No significant change was found when CPP-ACP was used for remineralization of WSLs (Standardized mean difference = 1.501, SE = 1.087, 95% CI = -0.630, 3.632, p value = 0.167). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of the study, the evidence suggests that the use of CPP-ACP for either prevention or remineralization of WSLs before bonding does not affect the SBS of metal orthodontic brackets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yomna M Yacout
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champollion St, Azarita, P. O. Box: 21521, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Yomna A Nabawy
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry El Alamein, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT), El Alamein, Egypt.
| | - Nadia M El-Harouni
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tarek N Yousry
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Eissa NM, Elshourbagy EM, Gomaa NE. Effect of sodium fluoride plus tricalcium phosphate with and without CO2 laser on remineralization of white spot lesions. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10752. [PMID: 36212006 PMCID: PMC9535291 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of NaF plus TCP with and without CO2 laser irradiation on management of demineralized enamel using microhardness test and digital microscopy. Methods Eighty intact extracted human premolar teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups (20/each). Each group was subjected to a demineralizing solution to create white spot lesion. Group 1 was treated with 3M Vanish™. Group 2 was irradiated with CO2 laser. Group 3 was subjected to CO2 laser followed by 3M Vanish™. Group 4 was treated by 3M Vanish™ then CO2 laser. The teeth were immersed in artificial saliva. Surface microhardness was measured for each tooth before demineralization at base line (M1 as a control), after demineralization (M2) and after management (M3). Comparison of microhardness values between groups was performed using one way ANOVA test with significant level (0.05) followed by multiple comparisons post-hoc Tukey test between groups. Enamel surface was photographed by digital microscope. Results All intervention methods used in the current study significantly increased microhardness values of demineralized enamel (P < 0.001). Little improvement of enamel appearance was observed in all groups meanwhile using CO2 laser on demineralized enamel directly led to signs of white and black dots affecting the appearance of enamel surface. Significance The most effective intervention regarding microhardness was group 2 followed by group 3, group 4 and group 1. Coating the enamel surface with 3M Vanish™ before CO2 laser irradiation acted as a protective layer from the undesirable effects of laser on the teeth with increasing enamel microhardness values more than using Vanish alone. So the promising intervention method regarding both microhardness and appearance was group 4.
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Althagafi NM. Impact of fluoride-releasing orthodontic adhesives on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets to eroded enamel following different surface treatment protocols. J Orthod Sci 2022; 11:3. [PMID: 35282290 PMCID: PMC8895365 DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_139_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: To assess the impact of enamel surface treatment protocols and the types of adhesive materials on the shear bond strength (SBS) of brackets to eroded enamel substrate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty extracted premolars were randomly assigned to four main groups in which group C (no treatment) was the control group. The remaining groups were exposed to an erosion challenge through short-term acidic exposure to HCl solution (0.01 M, pH 2.3) for 30 s, with an agitation speed of 50 rpm at an environmental temperature of 25°C. The eroded enamel surface within each group was treated as follows: group N received no treatment; in group P, the eroded enamel was treated with 35% phosphoric acid (Ultradent Products, South Jordan, UT, USA) for 15 s, followed by a rinse for 10 s; and in group F, the eroded enamel was treated with fluoride gel (Bifluorid 12; Voco-GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany) for 4 min. The brackets were bonded with either a resin composite adhesive (Transbond XT; light-cure adhesive, 3M Unitek, CA, USA) or resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Fuji Ortho LC-GC Corporation, Japan). The specimens were tested for SBS, and the bond failure was assessed according to the adhesive remnant index (ARI). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post-hoc tests (P < 0.05) were used to compare the SBS of the groups. The ARI values between the groups were recorded. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were found among the tested variables (P < 0.05). Group P showed the highest mean SBS values regardless of the type of adhesive used, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The application of the fluoride gel showed no statistically significant improvement in SBS values. The failure mode distribution among the test groups indicated that failures at the adhesive–bracket interface were predominant in group C compared with the other study groups. CONCLUSIONS: Fluoride pretreatment, which was used to remineralize the eroded enamel surfaces before bonding, resulted in a decrease in the SBS of the orthodontic brackets in vitro compared with the other treated groups. The use of fluoride-releasing adhesive also enhances bonding to the eroded enamel surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebras Mohammed Althagafi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, AlMadinah AlMunawwarah, Saudi Arabia
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Daneshkazemi P, Sadeghian S, Khodaei M. Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets on intact and demineralized enamel after application of resin infiltrant, fluoride varnish and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate remineralizing agents: in-vitro study. Int Orthod 2021; 19:259-268. [PMID: 33775598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of remineralizing agents on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded to intact and demineralized enamel. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this in-vitro study, 160 human premolars were divided into 8 groups, including group 1 with intact enamel as the positive control, group 2 with demineralized enamel as the negative control, groups 3-5 treated with fluoride varnish, Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) and resin infiltrant on intact enamel, and groups 6-8 treated with the same agents on demineralized enamel. Brackets were bonded using the conventional method, and the samples were thermocycled. SBS of the brackets was measured using a universal testing machine, and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) was assessed. Data were analysed with one-way ANOVA and post hoc statistical test at the significance level of 0.05. RESULTS SBS of the brackets in all groups with intact enamel was higher than that of their counterparts on demineralized enamel, which was only significantly different between groups 1 and 2 (P-value<0.001). SBS values of groups 7 and 8 were not significantly different from group 1 (P-value=1), yet the application of fluoride varnish on both intact (P-value=0.091) and demineralized enamel (P-value<0.001) created less SBS than in group 1. CONCLUSIONS All pre-treatment methods increased SBS of the brackets bonded to demineralized enamel, yet only the resin infiltrant and CPP-ACP produced SBS similar to that of intact enamel. Also, the use of fluoride varnish on intact enamel significantly reduced SBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Daneshkazemi
- Department of orthodontics, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sousan Sadeghian
- Department of orthodontics, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Khodaei
- Department of Material Science and engineering, Golpayegan university of technology, Golpayegan, Iran
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Enan E, Tawfik MA, Mehesen R, Basha S. Remineralization Potential and Shear Bond Strength of Surface Treated Hypomineralized Enamel in Bonding of Orthodontic Brackets: An In Vitro Study. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ORAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2320206820977734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the effect of different conditioning methods on remineralization potential of hypomineralized enamel and its shear bond strength (SBS) to orthodontic brackets. Materials and Methods: An in vitro study was conducted at Mansoura University, Egypt. Eighty premolars were collected and randomly classified into four groups ( n = 20 each) as follows: Group 1. Control (sound teeth), Group 2. Demineralized, Group 3. Demineralized and treated with nanohydroxyapatite (nano-HA) varnish, Group 4. Demineralized and treated with casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP–ACP) paste. To detect the rate of remineralization on the surface of treated specimens, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis was used in conjunction with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SBS was measured with a universal testing machine. One-way ANOVA test was carried out to analyze differences between the tested groups. Result: SE micrographs of Group 3 and Group 4 specimens showed smoother and less porous enamel surface than that of the Group 2 specimens. EDX analysis showed highest calcium (Ca) (25.47%) and phosphorous (P) (12.76%) values for Group 4 while Group 2 showed the lowest Ca and P values (16.96%) and (10.20%), respectively ( P < .001). Demineralized enamel showed lowest (3.70 MPa) SBS mean value compared to sound (10.69 MPa) and remineralized enamel (Group 3—9.90 MPa, Group 4—10.32 MPa) ( P < .001). Conclusion: Nano-HA and CPP–ACP have equal remineralizing effect on hypomineralized enamel lesions and positive influence on SBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- EnasTawfik Enan
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Marwa Ali Tawfik
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rabab Mehesen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sakeenabi Basha
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Ghadirian H, Geramy A, Shallal W, Heidari S, Noshiri N, Keshvad MA. The Effect of Remineralizing Agents With/Without CO 2 Laser Irradiation on Structural and Mechanical Properties of Enamel and its Shear Bond Strength to Orthodontic Brackets. J Lasers Med Sci 2020; 11:144-152. [PMID: 32273955 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2020.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Remineralizing agents may be used for the treatment of white spot lesions (WSLs) prior to bracket bonding. However, some concerns exist regarding their possible interference with the etching and bonding process, negatively affecting the bond strength. This study aimed to assess the effect of two remineralizing agents with/without CO2 laser irradiation on the mechanical properties and shear bond strength (SBS) of demineralized enamel to the orthodontic bracket. Methods: This study evaluated 60 premolar teeth in 6 groups (n=10) as follows: (I) sound enamel, (II) demineralized enamel, (III) Nupro remineralizing agent (N), (IV) Nupro and CO2 laser (N/L), (V) Teethmate remineralizing agent (T), and (VI) Teethmate and CO2 laser (T/L). The remineralizing agents were applied to the enamel surfaces after their immersion in a demineralizing solution for 5 days. In groups IV and VI, the CO2 laser with a 10.6 μm wavelength, 10 ms pulse duration, a 50 Hz repetition rate, 0.3 mm beam diameter and 0.7 W power was irradiated after applying the remineralizing agents. Brackets were bonded to the enamel surfaces and SBS was measured by a universal testing machine. For the assessment of enamel microhardness, 20 sections of molar teeth were divided into 4 groups (n=5; N, N/L, T, T/L) and their microhardness was measured before demineralization, after demineralization and after remineralization. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) were carried out to assess the formation of hydroxyapatite. The atomic percentages of the C, O, P, Ca, Na, Si, F and Ca/P ratio were determined by EDS analysis. Results: The SBS significantly decreased in group II (P<0.001). There was no significant difference among the groups I, III, IV, V and VI (P<0.05). This finding was similar to the microhardness results, which showed an increase in microhardness after remineralization (P<0.05), with no difference among the remineralizing agents. The Ca/P ratio was the highest in the Nupro group and the lowest in the demineralized group. Conclusion: Remineralizing agents can significantly improve the microhardness and structural properties of demineralized enamel to a level similar to that of sound enamel with no adverse effect on SBS to orthodontic brackets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannaneh Ghadirian
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Allahyar Geramy
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Soolmaz Heidari
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental Caries Prevention Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Nooshin Noshiri
- Medical Image Processing Laboratory (MIPL), Department of Technology and Engineering, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Keshvad
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yassaei S, Motallaei MN. The Effect of the Er:YAG Laser and MI Paste Plus on the Treatment of White Spot Lesions. J Lasers Med Sci 2020; 11:50-55. [PMID: 32099627 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2020.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: White spot lesions (WSLs) occurring after orthodontic treatment lead to patient dissatisfaction and aesthetic problems. The role of calcium-phosphate demineralization systems and the Er:YAG laser in the treatment of these lesions has recently been taken into account. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the Er:YAG laser and MI Paste Plus on the treatment of WSLs. Methods: A total of 65 premolars extracted due to orthodontic treatment were studied in this research. To create enamel lesions, the teeth were placed in a demineralizing solution. The teeth were then randomly divided into five groups (n=13) as follows: first group, control; second group, saliva; third group, MI Paste Plus; fourth group, Er:YAG laser; and fifth group, MI Paste Plus together with the Er:YAG laser. The teeth were kept in artificial saliva between treatment processes. Artificial saliva was replaced daily with fresh artificial saliva. The teeth were sectioned longitudinally by a disc from the middle of the exposed enamel and each section was mounted in polyester resin. The surface of the samples was serially polished and the microhardness of the teeth was measured at depths of 0, 50, 100, and 150 µm. Results: The microhardness was significantly higher in the fifth group than other groups at depths of 50 and 150 µm (P <0.005). Using the laser or MI Paste Plus alone did not significantly increase the microhardness. Conclusions: The combined application of the Er:YAG laser and MI Paste Plus is effective in the treatment of WSLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soghra Yassaei
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nima Motallaei
- Research Center of Prevention and Epidemiology of Non-communicable Disease, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Loiola ABDA, Aires CP, Curylofo-Zotti FA, Rodrigues Junior AL, Souza-Gabriel AE, Corona SAM. The Impact of CO 2 Laser Treatment and Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride on Enamel Demineralization and Biofilm Formation. J Lasers Med Sci 2019; 10:200-206. [PMID: 31749946 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2019.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: This study evaluated the impact of CO2 laser treatment and acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) on enamel demineralization and biofilm formation, using in vitro and in situ designs. Methods: Demineralized enamel slabs were distributed among 8 groups: placebo, placebo + continuous CO2 laser, placebo + repeated CO2 laser, placebo + ultrapulsed CO2 laser, 1.23% APF, APF + continuous CO2 laser, APF + repeated CO2 laser and APF + ultrapulsed CO2 laser. In the in vitro study, 15 enamel slabs from each group were subjected to a pH-cycling regimen for 14 days. In the cross over in situ design, 11 volunteers wore palatal appliances with demineralized enamel slabs for 2 periods of 14 days each. Drops of sucrose solution were dripped onto enamel slabs 8×/day. Biofilms formed on slabs were collected and the colony-forming units (CFU) of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus were determined. Results: For both in vitro and in situ studies, there was no significant difference between treatments (P>0.05). However, all treatments increased microhardness of demineralized enamel (P<0.05). After a further in situ cariogenic challenge, with the exception of the placebo, all treatments maintained microhardness values (P<0.05). Microbiological analysis showed no difference in Streptococcus mutans (P>0.05) or Lactobacillus (P>0.05) counts between groups. Conclusion: The results suggest that APF gel combined with the CO2 laser, regardless of the pulse emission mode used, was effective in controlling enamel demineralization, but none of the tested treatments was able to prevent bacterial colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bárbara de Araújo Loiola
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil, 14040-904
| | - Carolina Patrícia Aires
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil, 14040-904
| | - Fabiana Almeida Curylofo-Zotti
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil, 14040-904
| | - Antônio Luiz Rodrigues Junior
- Department of Social Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil, 14049- 900
| | - Aline Evangelista Souza-Gabriel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil, 14040-904
| | - Silmara Aparecida Milori Corona
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil, 14040-904
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Luk K, Zhao IS, Yu OY, Zhang J, Gutknecht N, Chu CH. Effects of 10,600 nm Carbon Dioxide Laser on Remineralizing Caries: A Literature Review. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2019; 38:59-65. [PMID: 31618125 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To study the effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers (λ = 10,600 nm) on remineralizing dental caries. Methods: This study involved performing a systematic search of English articles archived in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The keywords used to identify the relevant articles were ((CO2 laser) OR (carbon dioxide laser)) AND ((dental caries) OR (tooth remineralization)). Publications before 2019 were selected. The titles and abstracts of the initially identified articles were screened. Duplicate records, reviews, and irrelevant studies were removed. Full texts were retrieved for publications that studied the effects of CO2 lasers on remineralizing dental caries. Results: The search identified 543 potentially relevant publications. A total of 285 duplicate records were removed. Sixteen articles were included in this review. Four studies reported that CO2 lasers inhibited bacterial growth. The growth of cariogenic bacteria, mainly Streptococcus mutans, on an irradiated tooth surface was slower compared with nonirradiated ones. Four studies investigated the reduction of the demineralization of enamel with cariogenic challenge. They found that CO2 lasers reduced the carbonate content of mineralized tissues and increased the microhardness of enamel. Nine studies used CO2 lasers associated with topical fluorides in remineralizing dental caries. The results of the synergistic effect of laser irradiation and fluoride application with regard to the inhibition of caries progression varied among these studies, whereas laser irradiation could enhance fluoride uptake to demineralized mineral tissues. Conclusions: CO2 laser irradiation increased acid resistance and facilitated the fluoride uptake of caries-like lesions. In addition, it reduced the growth of cariogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Luk
- School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.,Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Irene Shuping Zhao
- School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.,Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ollie Yiru Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Norbert Gutknecht
- Department of Operative Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Cosma LL, Şuhani RD, Mesaroş A, Badea ME. Current treatment modalities of orthodontically induced white spot lesions and their outcome - a literature review. Med Pharm Rep 2019; 92:25-30. [PMID: 30957083 PMCID: PMC6448498 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction White spot lesion is a demineralization of the enamel that appears as a white spot on the surfaces of the tooth. The cause of this spot is determined by the activity of the bacterial plaque and it represents the initial stage of a carious lesion. This lesion is a common side effect for patients with fixed orthodontic appliances mainly because of the brackets' position that favors the accumulation of plaque that ultimately leads to the formation of the white spot. Methods We conducted a search on a single database, PubMed. "Orthodontic", "white spot lesions", "enamel demineralization treatment" and "remineralization" were the search terms used. We found 324 articles, but we took in consideration only the ones from the last 10 years, which resulted in 223 articles. Results The first step after research was article selection: first by scrutinizing the title and secondly by reviewing the abstracts or full texts. The exclusion criteria were: meta-analysis, reviews, original articles regarding prevention of white spot lesions and their prevalence or incidence. We included the articles that seemed relevant for the treatment of white spot lesions, made either on extracted teeth either on orthodontic patients. We found 75 articles to be eligible for this research and we eliminated 5 because of the lack of an abstract or full text and a further 22 were rejected because they did not fit the aforementioned criteria. Conclusion Although some traditional methods for the treatment of white spot lesions seem to have undesirable results, nowadays with new technologies and thorough investigations in nanotechnology, the eradication of the lesion appears to be short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Luminiţa Cosma
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Raluca Diana Şuhani
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Mesaroş
- Department of Dental Propedeutics and Esthetics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mîndra Eugenia Badea
- Department of Prevention in Dentistry, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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