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Kim SH, Jeong BY, Kim YS, Park JW. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical and psychological aspects of temporomandibular disorders. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:447. [PMID: 38609928 PMCID: PMC11015653 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) caused drastic changes in people's lifestyle that affected TMD characteristics through its physical and psychological influences. The aim of this study was to define the clinical and psychological characteristics of a large group of well-defined TMD patients and seek their differences between before and during the COVID-19 pandemic to establish points of care to be emphasized in the post-pandemic era. METHODS TMD patients diagnosed by the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) aged ≥ 18 were analyzed. Samples between September, 2017 to July, 2019 (n = 455) and March, 2021 to June, 2022 (n = 338) were collected to represent before and during COVID-19, respectively. The Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS) and Symptom Checklist-90-Revision (SCL-90-R) were used to evaluate disability levels and psychological status. Clinical indices were compared between COVID periods and factors related to higher pain levels were investigated according to pandemic period. RESULTS More patients reported pain on palpation of the masticatory muscles during the pandemic (p = 0.021) while the number decreased for neck muscles (p = 0.001) and TMJ (p < 0.001) areas. Patients reporting nocturnal bruxism (23.3-29.6%) and clenching (45.1-54.7%) significantly increased during the pandemic. TMD patients with pain without disability were more common during the pandemic regardless of pain intensity (p < 0.001). The number of patients expressing interference in daily activities decreased drastically during COVID-19 regardless of disability level (p < 0.001). Factors associated with higher than moderate pain intensity (CPI ≥ 50) were insomnia (odds ratio [OR] = 1.603, p = 0.047) and somatization (OR = 1.082, p < 0.001) before the pandemic. During the pandemic, age (OR = 1.024, p = 0.007), somatization (OR = 1.070, p = 0.006), and paranoid ideation (OR = 1.117, p = 0.003) were significantly associated with higher pain intensity. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study underline the importance of evaluating psychological profiles of TMD patients, especially somatization, paranoid ideation and psychoticism, in exceptional situations that may cause a change in individual mental status. This will lead to a better understanding of the individual TMD patient and help in planning personalized treatment strategies that will assist the patient in adjusting to changes occurring in special environments such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hae Kim
- Center for Future Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Young Jeong
- Department of Oral Medicine, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Sun Kim
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Woon Park
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Oral Medicine, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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Carapinha IHA, De la Torre Canales G, Poluha RL, Câmara-Souza MB, Christidis N, Ernberg M, de Almeida AM, Manso ACGDM. Sociodemographic Profile: A Forgotten Factor in Temporomandibular Disorders? A Scoping Review. J Pain Res 2024; 17:393-414. [PMID: 38318333 PMCID: PMC10840546 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s434146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The literature on Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) incidence commonly reports sociodemographic factors such as gender and age. However, the role and prevalence of other sociodemographic factors in TMD are not well defined. Therefore, this scoping review aimed to report the prevalence of sociodemographic factors in TMD patients. A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed and Web of Science databases to identify clinical trials in adult populations, using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD) or the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) and reporting sociodemographic data in TMD patients. Twenty-seven studies meeting the criteria were included in this review. The most commonly reported sociodemographic factors assessed in the included studies were age, race, education, job, income, and marital status. TMD prevalence was observed to be higher among younger and divorced individuals among the included studies. However, conflicting results were found for education level, and employment was not considered a risk factor for TMD. Although this review has methodological limitations, it suggests an association between TMD incidence and certain sociodemographic factors; nevertheless, further studies are needed to establish this relationship more conclusively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giancarlo De la Torre Canales
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM); Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Almada, Portugal
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Dentistry, Ingá University Center, Uningá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nikolaos Christidis
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Malin Ernberg
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Andre Mariz de Almeida
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM); Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Almada, Portugal
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Yap AU, Lei J, Liu C, Fu KY. Comparison of painful temporomandibular disorders, psychological characteristics, sleep quality, and oral health-related quality of life of patients seeking care before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:438. [PMID: 37393220 PMCID: PMC10315038 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03158-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literature concerning Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and the Covid-19 pandemic is limited and disparate findings related to TMD frequencies, psychological distress, and quality of life were presented. This study investigated the prevalence of painful Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and compared the psychological, sleep, and oral health-related quality of life profiles of patients seeking TMD care before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. METHODS Data were accrued from consecutive adult patients 12 months before (BC; control) and during (DC; case group) the Covid-19 pandemic. The Diagnostic Criteria for TMDs (DC/TMD), Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales (DASS)-21, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)-TMDs were utilized and statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square/non-parametric tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS The prevalence of painful TMDs was 50.8% before and 46.3% during the pandemic. Significant differences in PSQI and OHIP component scores were discerned between the BC and DC groups contingent on TMD pain. Total-DASS was moderately correlated to total-PSQI/OHIP (rs = 0.41-0.63). CONCLUSION The covid-19 pandemic did not appear to exacerbate psychological distress but affected sleep and increased unease over TMD dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Ujin Yap
- Center for TMD & Orofacial Pain, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, No. 22 Zhong Guan Cun South Ave, Beijing, 100081, China
- Department of Dentistry, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, and Faculty of Dentistry, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore and Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore Health Services, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jie Lei
- Center for TMD & Orofacial Pain, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, No. 22 Zhong Guan Cun South Ave, Beijing, 100081, China
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, No. 22 Zhong Guan Cun South Ave, Beijing, 100081, China
- National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Chengge Liu
- Center for TMD & Orofacial Pain, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, No. 22 Zhong Guan Cun South Ave, Beijing, 100081, China
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, No. 22 Zhong Guan Cun South Ave, Beijing, 100081, China
- National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Yuan Fu
- Center for TMD & Orofacial Pain, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, No. 22 Zhong Guan Cun South Ave, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, No. 22 Zhong Guan Cun South Ave, Beijing, 100081, China.
- National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China.
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Yap AU, Park JW, Lei J, Liu C, Kim SH, Lee BM, Fu KY. The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic, sex, and age on temporomandibular disorders subtypes in East Asian patients: a retrospective observational study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:248. [PMID: 37118748 PMCID: PMC10144894 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its major existential, societal, and health impacts, research concerning the COVID-19 pandemic and Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) is still limited. This study examined the effect of the pandemic on TMD subtypes and elucidated the influence of the pandemic, sex, and age on the prospect of pain-related (PT) and/or intra-articular (IT) TMDs in East Asian patients. METHODS Data were accrued from consecutive new patients attending two university-based TMD/orofacial pain clinics in China and South Korea, 12 months before (BC; Mar 2019-Feb 2020) and during (DC; Mar 2020-Feb 2021) the COVID-19 pandemic. TMD diagnoses were derived from pertinent symptoms, signs, and radiographic findings according to the Diagnostic Criteria for TMDs (DC/TMD) methodology. Patients were subsequently categorized into those with PT, IT, and combined TMDs (CT) and also stratified by attendance period, sex, and age groups (adolescents/young adults [AY] and middle-aged/older adults [MO]) for statistical analyses using Chi-square/Mann-Whitney U tests and logistic regression analyses (α = 0.05). RESULTS The BC and DC groups comprised 367 (75.2% females; 82.8% AY) and 471 (74.3% females; 78.3% AY) patients correspondingly. No significant differences in sex and age group distributions were observed. The DC group had significantly more PT/IT conditions with higher prevalence of myalgia, headache, and degenerative joint disease than the BC group. Univariate analyses showed that PT/CT was associated with sex and age, whereas IT was related to the pandemic and age. However, multivariate analyses indicated that the odds of PT were affected by sex (OR = 2.52) and age (OR = 1.04) while the odds of IT (OR = 0.95) and CT (OR = 1.02) were influenced by age only. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic, as an impact event, did not influence the prospect of PT and/or IT. Sex and age appeared to play more crucial roles in the development of PT and IT/CT respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Ujin Yap
- Center for TMD & Orofacial Pain, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Department of Dentistry, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital and Faculty of Dentistry, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore and Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore Health Services, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ji Woon Park
- Department of Oral Medicine, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Oral Medicine & Oral Diagnosis, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea.
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jie Lei
- Center for TMD & Orofacial Pain, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Chengge Liu
- Center for TMD & Orofacial Pain, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Seong Hae Kim
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byeong-Min Lee
- Department of Oral Medicine, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kai Yuan Fu
- Center for TMD & Orofacial Pain, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
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The Association between COVID-19 Related Anxiety, Stress, Depression, Temporomandibular Disorders, and Headaches from Childhood to Adulthood: A Systematic Review. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030481. [PMID: 36979291 PMCID: PMC10046052 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The coronavirus belongs to the family of Coronaviridae, which are not branched single-stranded RNA viruses. COVID-19 creates respiratory problems and infections ranging from mild to severe. The virus features mechanisms that serve to delay the cellular immune response. The host’s response is responsible for the pathological process that leads to tissue destruction. Temporomandibular disorders are manifested by painful jaw musculature and jaw joint areas, clicks, or creaks when opening or closing the mouth. All these symptoms can be disabling and occur during chewing and when the patient yawns or even speaks. The pandemic situation has exacerbated anxieties and amplified the vulnerability of individuals. Therefore, from this mechanism, how the COVID-19 pandemic may have increased the incidence of temporomandibular disorders is perceived. The purpose of this review is to evaluate whether COVID-19-related anxiety has caused an increase in temporomandibular dysfunction symptoms in adults to children. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Lilacs, and Scopus were systematically searched, until 30 July 2022, to identify studies presenting: the connection between COVID-19 with temporomandibular disorders. Results: From 198 papers, 4 studies were included. Literature studies have shown that the state of uncertainty and anxiety has led to an increase in the incidence of this type of disorder, although not all studies agree. Seventy-three studies were identified after viewing all four search engines; at the end of the screening phase, only four were considered that met the PECO, the planned inclusion, and the exclusion criteria. All studies showed a statistically significant correlation between temporomandibular disorders and COVID-19 with a p < 0.05. Conclusions: All studies agreed that there is an association between COVID-19 and increased incidence of temporomandibular disorders.
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