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Magalhães DDDD, Bandeira JDF, Costa BOID, Santos AS, Santos RV, da Silva HJ, Junior HVM, Pernambuco L. Hyoid Bone Movement During Swallowing in Female Thyroidectomy Patients: A Kinematic Ultrasound Study. Dysphagia 2024:10.1007/s00455-024-10676-4. [PMID: 38436670 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-024-10676-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the measures of displacement, time and velocity of hyoid bone movement in female thyroidectomy patients. Fifty-eight ultrasound videos of 29 women during swallowing were analyzed. The sample was divided into experimental group (EG), composed of 12 women following total or partial thyroidectomy; and control group (CG) of 17 healthy women. The kinematic measures of displacement, time and velocity of hyoid bone displacement were tracked during swallowing of 10 ml of liquid (water) and 10 ml of thickened liquid (honey) in both groups for comparisons. Additional analysis included bolus consistency effect and relationship with clinical characteristics. Ultrasound videos were analyzed according to a standardized protocol using ImageJ software. Displacement, time and velocity of hyoid movement during swallowing of 10 ml of liquid or thickened liquid were not statistically different between female thyroidectomy patients and healthy women. There is no bolus consistency effect on kinematic measures in both groups, but among thyroidectomy patients, velocity of hyoid bone movement is significantly faster in those with swallowing complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiré Dominique Diniz de Magalhães
- Graduate Program in Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences (PPgFon-UFPB), Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Campus I s/n, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Jayne de Freitas Bandeira
- Graduate Program in Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences (PPgFon-UFPB), Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Campus I s/n, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Bianca Oliveira Ismael da Costa
- Graduate Program in Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences (PPgFon-UFPB), Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Campus I s/n, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Ary Serrano Santos
- Lauro Wanderley University Hospital (HULW/EBSERH), Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), R. Tabelião Stanislau Eloy, 585, Castelo Branco, João Pessoa, PB, 58050-585, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Vieira Santos
- Lauro Wanderley University Hospital (HULW/EBSERH), Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), R. Tabelião Stanislau Eloy, 585, Castelo Branco, João Pessoa, PB, 58050-585, Brazil
| | - Hilton Justino da Silva
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670901, Brasil
| | - Hipólito Virgílio Magalhães Junior
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Rua General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias s/n, Petrópolis, Natal, RN, 59012-570, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pernambuco
- Graduate Program in Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences (PPgFon-UFPB), Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Campus I s/n, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil.
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670901, Brasil.
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Depolli GT, de Oliveira GB, de Oliveira TJ, Santos MHDS, Rocha RM, Guimarães MF, Azevedo EHM. Quality of life in dysphagia and anxiety and depression symptoms pre and post-thyroidectomy. Codas 2023; 35:e20220099. [PMID: 37556687 PMCID: PMC10449093 DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20232022099pt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To correlate the dysphagia quality of life and symptoms of anxiety and depression before and after thyroidectomy. METHODS Observational, longitudinal, prospective, and experimental study. Twenty patients participated, with a mean age of 54 years, prevalence of females (n=17; 85%) and partial thyroidectomy (n=14; 70%). All subjects underwent laryngeal visual examination and answered the MD Anderson Dysphagia Questionnaire (MDADI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in three different moments: preoperatively, immediately postoperatively (maximum one week) and three months after surgery. RESULTS There was a significant difference in dysphagia quality of life for the physical and total domains in the three different moments. Regarding anxiety and depression, a statistically significant difference was observed between the scores in all domains, with a greater difference observed between the preoperative period and after 1 week. Higher values were observed in the preoperative period for mild anxiety traits, being more frequent in relation to depression, with a reduction after 1 week and an increase after three months of surgery. There was no significant correlation between the MDADI and HADS protocols. CONCLUSION Patients undergoing thyroidectomy self-report better quality of life in dysphagia and reduced anxiety/depression scores after three months of surgery. There was no correlation between anxiety, depression and quality of life in dysphagia at the moments evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Trevizani Depolli
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES - Vitória (ES), Brasil.
| | | | - Thais Jejesky de Oliveira
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES - Vitória (ES), Brasil.
| | | | - Ricardo Mai Rocha
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes - EBSERH - Vitória (ES), Brasil.
- Departamento de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES - Vitória (ES), Brasil.
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Vardaxi C, Tsetsos N, Koliastasi A, Poutoglidis A, Sapalidis K, Triaridis S, Printza A. Swallowing disorders after thyroidectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 279:4213-4227. [PMID: 35438344 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07386-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Swallowing disorders following thyroidectomy are common, even after surgery without confirmed complications. The purpose of the current systematic review is to investigate the prevalence of dysphagia at various time points after thyroidectomy, at the whole spectrum of it (total/partial, open/endoscopic, for benign/malignant disease). METHODS The literature available at PubMed, SciELO and Cochrane Library databases was reviewed, according to PRISMA guidelines, using the terms "dysphagia", "swallowing disorder", "deglutition disorder", "thyroidectomy" and "thyroid surgery" in the appropriate combinations. A quantitative synthesis of the results followed. RESULTS The systematic review of the literature resulted in 35 articles, which met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed regarding their type, sample, follow-up and results regarding post-thyroidectomy dysphagia in multiple follow-up times. A significant increase of swallowing impairment compared to baseline was recorded shortly after surgery. Dysphagia reverted to pre-operative levels 2-3 months later. Dysphagia continued to be reported in a significantly lower proportion of patients, even 1 year after surgery. No significant difference was noticed between open and endoscopic thyroid surgery at 2-3 months post-surgery. CONCLUSIONS The swallowing disorders reported after thyroidectomy should be expected, but are not always detectable through objective methods. This should not lead to underestimation of symptoms, since the patients' quality of life is negatively affected by the symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Vardaxi
- 1st Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, 57010, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tsetsos
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, 57010, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Koliastasi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, Sindos Campus, 57400, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandros Poutoglidis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, 57010, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Sapalidis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefanos Triaridis
- 1st Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasia Printza
- 1st Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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de Oliveira GB, de Oliveira TJ, Santos MHDS, Rocha RM, Guimarães MF, Azevedo EHM. Voice-related quality of life and emotional symptoms before and after thyroidectomy. Codas 2022; 34:e20210118. [PMID: 35137894 PMCID: PMC9886117 DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20212021118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To correlate voice-related quality of life, anxiety, and depression symptoms pre- and post-thyroidectomy. METHODS Observational, longitudinal, prospective, and quantitative study. Twenty patients participated in the study, with a mean age of 54 years, who underwent thyroidectomy, laryngeal visual examination, and the Voice-Related Quality of Life and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaires at different times: preoperative, 1 week and 3 months post-thyroidectomy, with a higher prevalence of females (85%; n=17) and partial thyroidectomy (70%; n=14). RESULTS There was no statistical difference in voice quality of life between the moments, but lower preoperative scores were observed, especially in the physical domain. We observed a slight trace of anxiety in the preoperative period, with a reduction after 1 week and an increase after 3 months. There was a moderate negative correlation between the physical domain of QVV and the anxiety subscale and the total HADS score after 1 week and between the total domain of QVV with the total HADS score after 1 week, weak negative correlation between the total domain of QVV and the HADS anxiety subscale after 1 week and the total HADS score after 3 months. CONCLUSION The patients evaluated in this study self-perceived their voice-related quality of life as positive. Mild anxiety traits were identified, with a reduction after one week postoperatively and an increase after three months. The self-perception of better voice-related quality of life in the postoperative period is weakly related to the reduction of anxiety levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thais Jejesky de Oliveira
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo – UFES - Vitória (ES), Brasil.
| | | | - Ricardo Mai Rocha
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes – EBSERH - Vitória (ES), Brasil.,Departamento de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo – UFES - Vitória (ES), Brasil.
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Bryk P, Głuszek S. Does neuromonitoring affect voice quality in patients subjected to a complete thyroidectomy ? Otolaryngol Pol 2021; 75:16-23. [PMID: 34552022 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.8779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Voice dysfunction is the most common complication of thyroid surgery. The use of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) is to protect the recurrent laryngeal nerves, the damage of which causes voice dysfunction. The aim of the study was to evaluate voice quality in patients who underwent complete thyroidectomy operated on with the application of IONM as well as a group of patients operated on with only macroscopic nerve visualization. In the analysis, clinical voice assessment was performed with particular focus on voice efficiency using the Voice Handicap Index (VHI), Vocal Tract Discomfort (VTD) and GRBAS scale. The study group consisted of 205 patients operated on with IONM. The control group consisted of 162 patients subjected to surgery only with macroscopic visualization of recurrent laryngeal nerves, without IONM. During the follow-up period from 2 to 10 years after surgery, checkups were performed. Each patient who came for a checkup was subjected to perceptual voice evaluation with the use of the GRBAS scale, indirect laryngoscopy procedure and voice selfevaluation with two questionnaires (VHI and VTD). The frequency of vocal fold palsy did not differ significantly statistically in the study group and the control group. Both in the study group and in the control group, patients with vocal fold paralysis had statistically significantly higher results in the VHI and VTD questionnaires as well as in the GRBAS study. Patients with recurrent laryngeal nerve injury show significant differences in the scope of voice handicap, both in the voice quality assessment with the use of the GRBAS scale, and self-evaluation questionnaires: VHI and VTD. All voice disorders evaluated with self-assessment are medium voice disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Bryk
- Teaching Department of General, Oncological Surgery and Endocrinology of the Provincial Polyclinical Hospital in Kielce, Poland
| | - Stanislaw Głuszek
- Teaching Department of General, Oncological Surgery and Endocrinology of the Provincial Polyclinical Hospital in Kielce, Poland
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Costa BOID, Rodrigues DDSB, Magalhães DDDD, Santos AS, Santos RV, Azevedo EHM, Almeida AA, Pernambuco L. Quantitative Ultrasound Assessment of Hyoid Bone Displacement During Swallowing Following Thyroidectomy. Dysphagia 2020; 36:659-669. [PMID: 32889628 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-020-10180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate temporal ultrasound measurements of the hyoid bone displacement during swallowing following thyroidectomy in women and to relate these measures to age, clinical outcomes, and upper digestive airway symptoms. The sample was divided into an experimental group (EG) of 20 women who underwent thyroidectomy (mean age = 49.55 years ± 15.14) and a control group (CG) of 20 healthy women volunteers (mean age = 40.75 years ± 15.92). Both groups were submitted to ultrasound assessment to obtain four temporal measurements of hyoid bone displacement during swallowing: elevation, anteriorization, maximum displacement, and maintenance of maximum displacement. In both groups, swallowing of ten milliliters of liquid and the same volume of thickened liquid (honey) were analyzed. The images were recorded on video (30 frames/second) and analyzed according to a standardized protocol. Temporal measurements of hyoid bone elevation and maximum displacement during swallowing of thickened liquid were significantly shorter in EG (p = 0.034 and p = 0.020, respectively). There were no differences in the swallowing of liquid, and no other variable was related to the ultrasound temporal measurements investigated. This study concludes that women who undergo thyroidectomy have a shorter time of hyoid bone elevation and maximum displacement during swallowing of 10 mL of thickened liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Oliveira Ismael da Costa
- Graduate Program in Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences (PPgFon/UFPB-UFRN-UNCISAL), Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Campus I s/n, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Darlyane de Souza Barros Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences (PPgFon/UFPB-UFRN-UNCISAL), Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Campus I s/n, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Desiré Dominique Diniz de Magalhães
- Graduate Program in Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences (PPgFon/UFPB-UFRN-UNCISAL), Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Campus I s/n, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Ary Serrano Santos
- Lauro Wanderley University Hospital (HULW/UFPB/EBSERH), Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), R. Tabelião Stanislau Eloy, 585, Castelo Branco, João Pessoa, PB, 58050-585, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Vieira Santos
- Lauro Wanderley University Hospital (HULW/UFPB/EBSERH), Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), R. Tabelião Stanislau Eloy, 585, Castelo Branco, João Pessoa, PB, 58050-585, Brazil
| | - Elma Heitmann Mares Azevedo
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Maruípe, Vitória, ES, 29043-900, Brazil
| | - Anna Alice Almeida
- Graduate Program in Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences (PPgFon/UFPB-UFRN-UNCISAL), Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Campus I s/n, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil.,Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Campus I s/n, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pernambuco
- Graduate Program in Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences (PPgFon/UFPB-UFRN-UNCISAL), Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Campus I s/n, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil. .,Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Campus I s/n, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil.
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Đanić Hadžibegović A, Hergešić F, Babić E, Slipac J, Prstačić R. Thyroidectomy-related Swallowing Difficulties: Review of the Literature. Acta Clin Croat 2020; 59:38-49. [PMID: 34219883 PMCID: PMC8212616 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2020.59.s1.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to provide insight into the etiology and frequency of swallowing complications that arise after thyroidectomy and to outline the available diagnostic procedures by revising the existing literature on this topic. We conducted a bibliographic search using the electronic database MEDLINE/PubMed to identify all relevant articles and 44 studies were included in the review out of a total of 218 published articles. Dysphagia after thyroid surgery is a common postoperative complication which, in the short- or long-term, significantly affects patient life quality. There is no standard diagnostic protocol for thyroidectomy-related swallowing impairment. Among the reviewed studies, 8 questionnaires and 12 instrumental diagnostic tools were used to identify swallowing difficulties related to thyroid surgery. The Swallowing Impairment Index (SIS-6) was the most-used questionnaire. Fiberoptic endoscopy is a standard diagnostic tool performed prior and after thyroid surgery, primarily to identify changes in vocal fold mobility. Although instrumental findings usually reveal non-specific alterations of swallowing; swallowing videofluoroscopy and esophageal manometry can be the most helpful tools in further management of thyroidectomy dysphagia. In patients with thyroidectomy-related swallowing difficulties and suspected laryngopharyngeal reflux, 24-hour MII-pH metry should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filip Hergešić
- 1Clinical Department for ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, 2Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia, 3School of Medicine, Zagreb University, Croatia, 4Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ema Babić
- 1Clinical Department for ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, 2Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia, 3School of Medicine, Zagreb University, Croatia, 4Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Juraj Slipac
- 1Clinical Department for ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, 2Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia, 3School of Medicine, Zagreb University, Croatia, 4Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ratko Prstačić
- 1Clinical Department for ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, 2Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia, 3School of Medicine, Zagreb University, Croatia, 4Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences University of Zagreb, Croatia
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Galluzzi F, Garavello W. Dysphagia following uncomplicated thyroidectomy: a systematic review. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 276:2661-2671. [PMID: 31414222 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-019-05599-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dysphagia after uncomplicated thyroidectomy is commonly reported and it includes a broad spectrum of swallowing complaints. Though various causes have been hypothesized, it remains not completely understood. METHODS A systematic review was performed to identify studies concerning dysphagia post uncomplicated thyroid surgery. A qualitative analysis of data extracted was conducted. RESULTS We have included 16 studies of which 15 are prospective and one are retrospective. The number of subjects varied from 12 to 254, the mean age from 39 to 54 years with an overall prevalence of females. The duration of the follow-up ranges from 1 month to 4 years. All the included trials documented postoperative dysphagia, 12 of which have detected it in the early postoperative period. Considering long-term follow-up period, 12 studies reported an overall improvement of swallow symptoms. The instrumental findings revealed non-specific alterations of swallowing. CONCLUSIONS Dysphagia after uncomplicated thyroidectomy can arise early in the postoperative period resolving spontaneously in the first year. Diagnostic methods failed to identify the physio pathological mechanism of swallow alteration leaving this condition still unclear. Since these symptoms can reduce patient's quality of life, we suggest an appropriate education before thyroid surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Galluzzi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, San Gerardo Hospital, Via Pergolesi, 33, 20052, Monza, MI, Italy.
| | - Werner Garavello
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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Wu Y, Fang Q, Xu C, Li H. Association between postoperative cough and thyroidectomy: a prospective study. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:754. [PMID: 31366389 PMCID: PMC6670143 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5979-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study sought to determine whether thyroidectomy is associated with self-reported cough through a prospective analysis. Methods Patients undergoing unilateral thyroidectomy were prospectively enrolled. The control group was selected to avoid the effect of general anaesthesia. The experimental group consisted of 300 patients (202 females and 98 males) who underwent thyroidectomy, with a mean age of 48.6 years, and the control group consisted of 103 patients (53 females and 50 males) who underwent other head and neck operations, with a mean age of 50.3 years. All patients were required to complete the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) preoperatively and 2 weeks postoperatively. Results The postoperative mean total LCQ scores in the experimental and control groups were 17.9 ± 5.0 and 19.8 ± 4.2, respectively; the difference was significant (p = 0.014). Adverse event analysis showed that patients in the experimental group scored significantly worse on items for chest or stomach pains, phlegm, feeling in control of coughing, sleep disturbances, coughing bouts, frustration, and feeling fed up with coughing. In the analysis of the three LCQ domains, a significant difference was noted in the physical domain between the two groups (p < 0.001). In the one-way analysis of variance, the factors of sex and anaesthesia time were associated with the postoperative LCQ score; in further multifactor analysis of variance, only the factor of sex was significantly related to the postoperative LCQ score. Conclusion Thyroidectomy may be associated with postoperative cough, and a higher number of female patients complained of cough and related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wu
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qigen Fang
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunmiao Xu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailiang Li
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
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