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da Silva ACF, de Araújo Lima-Filho LM, Almeida AA, Coêlho HFC, Ribeiro VV, Lopes LW. Spectrographic Voice Analysis Protocol (SAP): Convergent, Concurrent, and Accuracy Validity. J Voice 2023:S0892-1997(23)00283-7. [PMID: 37863674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To verify the convergent and concurrent validity of the Spectrographic Voice Analysis Protocol (SAP) and its accuracy to discriminate dysphonic from nondysphonic patients. METHOD The study used 82 vowel /Ɛ/ samples and their respective narrowband spectrograms, analyzed with SAP. Cepstral peak prominence (CPP) and cepstral peak prominence smoothed (CPPS) verified the convergent validity of the SAP total score, while the general grade of vocal deviation (GG) verified the concurrent validity of the SAP total score. The ROC (receive operator curve) curve and its accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity values, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), and positive likelihood ratio (LR+) and negative likelihood ratio (LR-) verified the accuracy of the SAP score to discriminate dysphonic from nondysphonic individuals. RESULTS Dysphonic and nondysphonic had different SAP total scores. In the convergent validity, the SAP score had a weak and moderate negative correlation, respectively, with CPP and CPPS, as well as a moderate positive correlation with GG. SAP performed well in discriminating dysphonic from nondysphonic individuals (area under the curve = 82.0%; sensitivity = 91.7%; specificity = 51.7%; PPV = 93.7%; NPV = 44.0%; LR+ = 6.21; LR- = 0.53) based on the 8-point cutoff score. CONCLUSION SAP has convergent validity with CPP and CPPS and concurrent validity with GG. The SAP total score performed well in discriminating dysphonic from nondysphonic individuals. However, the specificity, NPV, and LR- values justify cautiously using SAP, always in combination with other information in clinical voice assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Alice Almeida
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Decision Models and Health Program, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Veis Ribeiro
- Universidade de Brasília (UNB), Speech-Language and Hearing Department, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Wanderley Lopes
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Decision Models and Health Program, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
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Behlau M, Madazio G, Yamasaki R. Dynamic vocal analysis: vocal functionality evaluation. Codas 2023; 35:e20210083. [PMID: 37729254 PMCID: PMC10546986 DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20232021083pt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic vocal analysis (DVA) is an auditory-perceptual and acoustic vocal assessment strategy that provides estimates on the biomechanics and aerodynamics of vocal production by performing frequency and intensity variation tasks and using voice acoustic spectrography. The objective of this experience report is to demonstrate the use of DVA in the assessment of vocal functionality of dysphonic and non-dysphonic individuals, with a special focus on the laryngeal musculature. Phonatory tasks consisted of sustained vowel, "a" or "é", and/or connected speech, in three intensities (habitual, soft, and loud) and three frequencies (habitual, high, and low), as well as ascending and descending glissando. The adjustments of the laryngeal and paralaryngeal muscles can be inferred from the different DVA tasks. The main characteristics of the laryngeal muscles analyzed are control of glottic adduction, stretching, and shortening of the vocal folds; the main characteristics of the paralaryngeal musculature are mainly related to the vertical laryngeal position in the neck. While the sustained vowel evaluates the vocal functionality with a focus on the larynx, connected speech allows the evaluation of the articulatory adjustments employed. An acoustic spectrographic software can be used to visualize the performance of such tasks. The clinical application of the DVA will be exemplified using acoustic spectrography plates from normal and dysphonic voices, taken from a voice bank. Individuals who perform the DVA tasks in a balanced way, with adequate vocal quality and without phonatory effort, demonstrate good vocal functionality. On the other hand, difficulties in performing these tasks with worsening vocal quality and/or increased muscle tension may be indications of altered vocal functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Behlau
- Centro de Estudos da Voz - CEV - São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
| | | | - Rosiane Yamasaki
- Centro de Estudos da Voz - CEV - São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP - São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
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Hofman EC, Dassie-Leite AP, Martins PDN, Pereira EC. Acoustic measurements of CPPS and AVQI pre and post speech therapy. Codas 2023; 35:e20220136. [PMID: 37672413 PMCID: PMC10547137 DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20232022136pt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the acoustic measurements of Cepstral Peak Prominence-Smoothed (CPPS) and Acoustic Voice Quality Index (AVQI) at pre- and post-voice therapy times. METHODS This is a before and after intervention study, with retrospective data collection. Twenty-two subjects with a mean age of 49.9 years participated in the study. The vocal therapy occurred between the years 2016 to 2019 in a teaching clinic, and the subjects had vocal samples collected before and after the therapeutic processes. CPPS and AVQI data extractions were performed during pre- and post-therapy. In order to characterize the sample, auditory-perceptual evaluation (APE) regarding the overall degree of vocal deviation at pre- and post-therapy moments was performed. The data were analyzed statistically. RESULTS The APE data indicated a decrease in the median values of overall vocal deviation degree at the post-therapy stage for both the vowel (p=0.00) and number (p=0.00) samples. The average CPPS for the vowel was 14.53 pre-therapy and 16.37 post-therapy (p=0.01); for the number emission, it was 8.22 pre-therapy and 9.06 post-therapy (p=0.02), there was a difference in the CPPS of the vowel and numbers indicating vocal improvement at post-therapy. The average AVQI was 2.27 pre-therapy and 1.54 post-therapy (p=0.05). There was an improvement in the AVQI results, with borderline p-value. CONCLUSION Vocal therapy produced changes in the general degree of vocal deviation, as well as in CPPS and AVQI measurements, and the results at the post-therapy moment are similar to those of vocally healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Cristina Hofman
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste - UNICENTRO - Irati (PR), Brasil.
| | - Ana Paula Dassie-Leite
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste - UNICENTRO - Irati (PR), Brasil.
| | | | - Eliane Cristina Pereira
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste - UNICENTRO - Irati (PR), Brasil.
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Hofman EC, Dassie-Leite AP, Martins PDN, Pereira EC. Acoustic measurements of CPPS and AVQI pre and post speech therapy. Codas 2023; 35:e20220136. [PMID: 37672413 PMCID: PMC10547137 DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20232022136en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the acoustic measurements of Cepstral Peak Prominence-Smoothed (CPPS) and Acoustic Voice Quality Index (AVQI) at pre- and post-voice therapy times. METHODS This is a before and after intervention study, with retrospective data collection. Twenty-two subjects with a mean age of 49.9 years participated in the study. The vocal therapy occurred between the years 2016 to 2019 in a teaching clinic, and the subjects had vocal samples collected before and after the therapeutic processes. CPPS and AVQI data extractions were performed during pre- and post-therapy. In order to characterize the sample, auditory-perceptual evaluation (APE) regarding the overall degree of vocal deviation at pre- and post-therapy moments was performed. The data were analyzed statistically. RESULTS The APE data indicated a decrease in the median values of overall vocal deviation degree at the post-therapy stage for both the vowel (p=0.00) and number (p=0.00) samples. The average CPPS for the vowel was 14.53 pre-therapy and 16.37 post-therapy (p=0.01); for the number emission, it was 8.22 pre-therapy and 9.06 post-therapy (p=0.02), there was a difference in the CPPS of the vowel and numbers indicating vocal improvement at post-therapy. The average AVQI was 2.27 pre-therapy and 1.54 post-therapy (p=0.05). There was an improvement in the AVQI results, with borderline p-value. CONCLUSION Vocal therapy produced changes in the general degree of vocal deviation, as well as in CPPS and AVQI measurements, and the results at the post-therapy moment are similar to those of vocally healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Cristina Hofman
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste - UNICENTRO - Irati (PR), Brasil.
| | - Ana Paula Dassie-Leite
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste - UNICENTRO - Irati (PR), Brasil.
| | | | - Eliane Cristina Pereira
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste - UNICENTRO - Irati (PR), Brasil.
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Chamun WWA, Ribeiro VV, Madazio G, Behlau M. Mapping of the characteristics in the CoDAS journal publications in the voice area: a scoping review. Codas 2023; 35:e20220088. [PMID: 37283366 PMCID: PMC10266801 DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20232022088pt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To map and describe the characteristics present in the publications of the CoDAS journal in the voice segment. RESEARCH STRATEGIES The research was carried on the Scielo database using the descriptor voice. SELECTION CRITERIA CoDAS publications in the field of voice. DATA ANALYSIS Specific data collected according to delineation, summarized by descriptive analysis and analyzed in narrative format. RESULTS Studies published in 2019 and with cross-sectional delineation were more frequent. The most frequent result in the cross-sectional studies was the vocal self-assessment. Most intervention studies were of immediate single-session-only effect. The most frequent procedures in the validation studies were translation and transcultural adaptation. CONCLUSION There was a gradual increase in the number of publications of voice studies, though these had heterogeneous characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Veis Ribeiro
- Centro de Estudos da Voz - CEV - São Paulo (SP), Brasil.
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB - João Pessoa (PB), Brasil.
| | | | - Mara Behlau
- Centro de Estudos da Voz - CEV - São Paulo (SP), Brasil.
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Unifesp - São Paulo (SP), Brasil.
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Zheng Z, Li K, Feng G, Guo Y, Li Y, Xiao L, Liu C, He S, Zhang Z, Qian D, Feng Y. Relative Weights of Temporal Envelope Cues in Different Frequency Regions for Mandarin Vowel, Consonant, and Lexical Tone Recognition. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:744959. [PMID: 34924928 PMCID: PMC8678109 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.744959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Mandarin-speaking users of cochlear implants (CI) perform poorer than their English counterpart. This may be because present CI speech coding schemes are largely based on English. This study aims to evaluate the relative contributions of temporal envelope (E) cues to Mandarin phoneme (including vowel, and consonant) and lexical tone recognition to provide information for speech coding schemes specific to Mandarin. Design: Eleven normal hearing subjects were studied using acoustic temporal E cues that were extracted from 30 continuous frequency bands between 80 and 7,562 Hz using the Hilbert transform and divided into five frequency regions. Percent-correct recognition scores were obtained with acoustic E cues presented in three, four, and five frequency regions and their relative weights calculated using the least-square approach. Results: For stimuli with three, four, and five frequency regions, percent-correct scores for vowel recognition using E cues were 50.43–84.82%, 76.27–95.24%, and 96.58%, respectively; for consonant recognition 35.49–63.77%, 67.75–78.87%, and 87.87%; for lexical tone recognition 60.80–97.15%, 73.16–96.87%, and 96.73%. For frequency region 1 to frequency region 5, the mean weights in vowel recognition were 0.17, 0.31, 0.22, 0.18, and 0.12, respectively; in consonant recognition 0.10, 0.16, 0.18, 0.23, and 0.33; in lexical tone recognition 0.38, 0.18, 0.14, 0.16, and 0.14. Conclusion: Regions that contributed most for vowel recognition was Region 2 (502–1,022 Hz) that contains first formant (F1) information; Region 5 (3,856–7,562 Hz) contributed most to consonant recognition; Region 1 (80–502 Hz) that contains fundamental frequency (F0) information contributed most to lexical tone recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Keyi Li
- Sydney Institute of Language and Commerce, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Feng
- Department of Graduate, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Ear, Nose, and Throat Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengqi Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouhuan He
- Department of Otolaryngology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Qian
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Longhua District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanmei Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
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