Nsobundu C, Nmadu YW, Wagle NS, Foster MJ, McKyer ELJ, Sherman L, Ory MG, Burdine J(JN. Process Evaluations of Diabetes Self-Management Programs: A Systematic Review of the Literature.
Am J Health Promot 2024;
38:1048-1067. [PMID:
38648265 PMCID:
PMC11348640 DOI:
10.1177/08901171241238554]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a systematic review of process evaluations (PEs) of diabetes self-management programs (DSMPs).
DATA SOURCE
An electronic search using Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL (Ensco), Academic Search (Ebsco), and APA PsycInfo (Ebsco).
STUDY INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA
Peer-reviewed, empirical quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-method studies were included if they (1) were a traditional, group-based DSMP, (2) involved adults at least 18 years with T1DM or T2DM, (3) were a stand-alone or embedded PE, and (4) published in English.
DATA EXTRACTION
The following process evaluation outcomes were extracted: fidelity, dose delivered, dose received, reach, recruitment, retention, and context. Additional items were extracted, (eg, process evaluation type, data collection methods; theories; frameworks or conceptual models used to guide the process evaluation, and etc).
DATA SYNTHESIS
Due to heterogeneity across studies, studies were synthesized qualitatively (narratively).
RESULTS
Sixty-eight studies (k) in 78 articles (n) (k = 68; n = 78) were included. Most were mixed methods of low quality. Studies were typically integrated into outcome evaluations vs being stand-alone, lacked theoretical approaches to guide them, and incorporated limited outcomes such as dose received, reach, and retention.
CONCLUSION
Future research should 1) implement stand-alone theoretically grounded PE studies and 2) provide a shared understanding of standardized guidelines to conduct PEs. This will allow public health practitioners and researchers to assess and compare the quality of different programs to be implemented.
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