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Hisbiyah Y, Endaryanto A, Setyoboedi B, Rochmah N, Faizi M, Fedora K. Selenium level correlates negatively with antibodies but positively with thyroid function in children with down syndrome: an Indonesian study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1177373. [PMID: 37234806 PMCID: PMC10206332 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1177373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Children with Down syndrome (DS) are prone to developing autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). Previous studies found lower selenium (Se) levels in children with AITD. Glutathione peroxidase-3 (GPx3) and selenoprotein-P (SePP) are widely used to measure Se levels. DS children tend to have lower Se levels, the main contributor to hypothyroidism in this population. This study aimed to analyze the Se's role in AITD in Indonesian children with DS. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between February 2021-June 2022 at the Pediatric Outpatient Clinic of Dr Soetomo Hospital. DS children aged 1 month to 18 years were enrolled using consecutive sampling. Thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, thyroid peroxidase (TPO-Ab) and thyroglobulin (Tg-Ab) autoantibody, GPx3, and SePP levels were measured in plasma samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Statistical analyses used Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, and Spearman's rank correlation (r s). All results with p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Among 62 children with DS, SePP and GPx3 levels were significantly lower in those with AITD than those without AITD (p=0.013 and p=0.018, respectively). SePP and GPx3 levels correlated significantly with lower TPO-Ab (r s=-0.439 with p=1×10-5 and r s=-0.396 with p=0.001, respectively) and Tg-Ab (r s=-0.474 with p=1×10-5 and r s=-0.410 with p=0.001, respectively) levels. SePP levels correlated significantly with lower thyroid dysfunction incidence (r s=-0.252, p=0.048) in the AITD group. Conclusion Selenium deficiency contributes to autoimmune process in the thyroid and to thyroid dysfunction in children with Down syndrome. Our findings recommend increasing Se levels through Se-containing foods to reduce the risks of AITD and thyroid dysfunction in DS children with AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuni Hisbiyah
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child Health, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Anang Endaryanto
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child Health, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Bagus Setyoboedi
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child Health, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Nur Rochmah
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child Health, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Faizi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child Health, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Katherine Fedora
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
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Wang F, Li C, Li S, Cui L, Zhao J, Liao L. Selenium and thyroid diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1133000. [PMID: 37033262 PMCID: PMC10080082 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1133000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium, a non-metallic element, is a micronutrient essential for the biosynthesis of selenoproteins containing selenocysteine. In adults, the thyroid contains the highest amount of selenium per gram of tissue. Most known selenoproteins, such as glutathione peroxidase, are expressed in the thyroid and are involved in thyroid hormone metabolism, redox state regulation, and maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Some clinical studies have shown that lack of selenium will increase the prevalence of several kinds of thyroid diseases. Selenium treatment in patients with Graves' orbitopathy has been shown to delay disease progression and improve the quality of life. Selenium supplementation in Hashimoto's thyroiditis was associated with the decreased levels of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody and improved thyroid ultrasound structure. In thyroid cancer, various selenium supplements have shown variable anticancer activity. However, published results remain the conflicting and more clinical evidence is still needed to determine the clinical significance of selenium. This article reviews the strong association between selenium and thyroid disease and provides new ideas for the clinical management of selenium in thyroid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
| | - Shaoxin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
| | - Lili Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
| | - Junyu Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Junyu Zhao, ; Lin Liao,
| | - Lin Liao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Junyu Zhao, ; Lin Liao,
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Serum Selenium Levels in Patients With Graves Disease With or Without Thyroid Ophthalmopathy. Endocr Pract 2022; 28:1216-1220. [PMID: 36116714 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graves disease is one of the most common autoimmune thyroid diseases. Thyroid has the highest concentration of selenium (Se) in the body. Se plays a crucial role in the functioning of some thyroid enzymes; however, there are controversial results regarding the administration of serum Se levels in patients with Graves disease. METHODS In this study, patients with Graves disease with orbitopathy (GO group) or without orbitopathy (GD group) were recruited. Healthy individuals without a history of any disease were enrolled as the control group. Serum Se and thyroid hormone levels, including T3, T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), were measured using atomic absorption and radioimmunoassay techniques, respectively. RESULTS In this cross-sectional study, 60 and 56 patients and 58 healthy subjects were included in the GO, GD, and control groups. Serum Se levels in the GO, GD, and control groups were 94.53 ± 25.36 μg/dL, 96.82 ± 30.3 μg/dL, and 102.55 ± 16.53 μg/dL, respectively (P = .193). There was a reverse association between the serum Se level and thyroid hormones, including T3, T4, and TSH, in the GO group. However, serum Se levels exhibited a significant reverse association with T4 and TSH hormones but not with T3 in the GD group. CONCLUSION Our results showed no significant differences in the serum Se levels in the GO and GD groups compared with that in the control group. In addition, we did not detect any significant difference in the serum Se levels between the GO and GD groups.
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Wu Q, Wang Y, Chen P, Wei J, Lv H, Wang S, Wu Y, Zhao X, Peng X, Rijntjes E, Wang Y, Schomburg L, Shi B. Increased Incidence of Hashimoto Thyroiditis in Selenium Deficiency: A Prospective 6-Year Cohort Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e3603-e3611. [PMID: 35789269 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In 2015, we reported an increased prevalence of thyroid disease in a county of low habitual selenium (Se) intake in comparison to a neighboring county with higher intake in a cross-sectional survey in Shaanxi Province, China. OBJECTIVE To explore longitudinal effects of low Se status, a prospective cohort study was conducted in the same area from 2013 to 2019, and thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies (TPO-Abs) and disease incidence were compared. METHODS A total 1254 individuals from 1500 reinvited participants were successfully enrolled. Venous blood, fingernails, and urine samples were collected and analyzed to evaluate thyroid status, TPO-Abs, serum Se, and urinary iodine. Diagnosis of Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) was based on elevated thyrotropin, presence of TPO-Abs, and ultrasound characteristics. Se deficiency was categorized using a serum concentration of 80 µg/L as a threshold, and tested by logistic regression for a relationship to TPO-Abs and HT. RESULTS Se deficiency was observed in 46.2% of participants from the adequate-Se county (Ziyang) and in 89.7% from the low-Se county (Ningshan). Se concentrations in fingernails differed strongly by residency (Ziyang vs Ningshan; 678.7 vs 364.3 μg/kg; Z = -9.552; P < .001). Newly diagnosed HT in Ziyang was less frequent than in Ningshan (0.09% vs 0.31%; χ 2 = 4.350; P = .037). The conversion rate to seropositive TPO-Abs was 10.2% in Ningshan vs 5.6% in Ziyang. Excluding iodine as confounding factor, low-Se was confirmed as a risk factor for HT (relative risk [95% CI]; 3.65 [1.03-12.90]; P < .05). CONCLUSION The data indicate an increased incidence of TPO-Ab seroconversion with low Se supply and support the hypothesis that Se deficiency contributes to HT as a modifiable risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
- Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Endemic Disease Control Institute of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710003, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
- Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hongjun Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Si Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
- Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yajun Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
- Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
- Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiaogang Peng
- Ningshan County People's Hospital, Ningshan, Ankang, Shaanxi, 711600, China
| | - Eddy Rijntjes
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 10115, Germany
| | - Youfa Wang
- Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 10115, Germany
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
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Talibova G, Ozturk Z, Parlak M, Kupesiz A. Elevated Selenoprotein P Levels in Thalassemia Major Patients. Arch Med Res 2022; 53:508-515. [PMID: 35840466 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have measured selenium levels and glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3) activity in patients with thalassemia major (TM). However, Selenoprotein P (SEPP), which is responsible for the storage and transport of selenium, has not been studied in thalassemia patients. This study aims to correlate thyroid functions of TM patients with their SEPP and GPX3 levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty subjects (40 controls, 40 TM patients) were included in this study. GPX3 and SEPP concentrations were measured in all subjects using sandwich ELISA. Iron, ferritin, urinary iodine, thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), thyrotropin (TSH), anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), and anti-human thyroglobulin (anti-hTG) concentrations were also measured. RESULTS Mean SEPP concentration was higher in the TM group compared to the control group. A slight elevation in GPX3 levels was also observed in thalassemia patients, yet it was not statistically significant. In both TM patients and controls, ferritin was inversely correlated with free T4 concentration and GPX3 was inversely correlated with free T4 and T3 concentrations. There was also a negative correlation between SEPP and TSH concentrations in healthy subjects. CONCLUSION This is the first study, which has measured SEPP concentrations in thalassemia patients. SEPP levels were higher in TM patients compared to controls. Correlations between thyroid hormones and selenoproteins may indicate that selenium is necessary for thyroid function. Detailed studies are required to elaborate the role of SEPP in thyroid metabolism in thalassemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunel Talibova
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Ozturk
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mesut Parlak
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Alphan Kupesiz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
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Akbarian S, Chaibakhsh S, Kashkouli MB, Karimi N, Abdolalizadeh P, Ghahvehchian H. A Systematic Review on the Role of Antioxidants in Thyroid Eye Disease. J Curr Ophthalmol 2022; 34:16-24. [PMID: 35620378 PMCID: PMC9128423 DOI: 10.4103/joco.joco_266_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To systematically review the role of antioxidants in management of patients with thyroid eye disease (TED). Methods A literature search of the electronic databases was performed without restrictions on the date of publication till the end of March 2021, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Clinical trials, case-control studies, cohorts, case series, case reports, and experimental (including in vitro) studies in the English language were included. The primary outcome in human studies was improvement in severity, activity scores, and/or quality of life scores. There was a decrease in the level of H2O2-dependent oxidative stress, Hyaluronic acid release, reactive oxygen species, cell proliferation, or antifibrotic/antiproliferative actions in the in vitro studies. Results Out of 374 initially screened articles, 157 studies were selected, the full texts of 82 were reviewed, and 14 papers were finally included. There were 4 clinical and 10 in vitro studies from 1993 to 2018. While β-carotene, retinol, Vitamin E, Vitamin C, melatonin, resveratrol, N-acetyl-l-cysteine, and quercetin showed some efficacy in in vitro studies; allopurinol, nicotinamide, pentoxifylline, and selenium (Se) were effective in both clinical and experimental reports. Se was the only recommended antioxidant based on one high-level randomized controlled trial. Conclusion While different antioxidants could potentially be effective in the management of TED, no strong recommendation for any or combination of antioxidants could be made to be implemented in the daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Akbarian
- Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Chaibakhsh
- Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Bahmani Kashkouli
- Skull Base Research Center, Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Karimi
- Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parya Abdolalizadeh
- Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghahvehchian
- Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Cao J, Su Y, Chen Z, Ma C, Xiong W. The risk factors for Graves' ophthalmopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 260:1043-1054. [PMID: 34787691 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-021-05456-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This review aimed to provide an overview of current research into the risk factors for Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). METHODS To find information about the risk factors for GO, the research database PubMed was searched and relevant articles were obtained to extract information about risk factors. RESULTS Smoking has been widely accepted as an important risk factor and cigarette smoking cessation has been shown to improve the outcome and decrease the onset of GO. Radioactive iodine on the thyroid may induce hyperthyroidism and increase the occurrence of GO. Selenium deficiency is a risk factor for GO and the supplementation of selenium has been an adjuvant therapy. Decreasing stressful life events (SLE) may help improve GO. Imbalance in intestinal flora is essential to GO, with Yersinia enterocolitica and Escherichia coli both increased in the digestive tract of the individual with GO. In addition, controlling serum cholesterol may help improve GO since adipogenesis is an important pathological change in its pathogenesis. Considering the correlation between Graves' disease and GO, maintaining normal thyroid function hormone level is the first-line therapeutic strategy to prevent progression of GO. An increase in antibodies such as TSHR and IGF-1R is the main predictor of GO. Besides, gender and gene polymorphism are also risk factors towards GO. CONCLUSIONS Risk factors for GO arise from five sources: physical and chemical environment, social-psychological environment, biological environment, the human organism, and genetic codes. Risk factors within these categories may interact with each other and their mechanisms in promoting the development of GO are complex. Research into risk factors for GO may promote emerging fields related to GO such as control of autoantibodies and intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Yuelu District, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhe Su
- Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuokun Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Yuelu District, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Yuelu District, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Yuelu District, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Stojsavljević A, Rovčanin B, Jagodić J, Krstić Đ, Paunović I, Gavrović-Jankulović M, Manojlović D. Alteration of Trace Elements in Multinodular Goiter, Thyroid Adenoma, and Thyroid Cancer. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:4055-4065. [PMID: 33409915 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Modest progress has been made in understanding the role of trace elements as endocrine disruptors. The aim of this study was to examine whether there is a change in the content of trace elements in thyroid disease, as well as whether the ratio of elements could be considered a blood marker for thyroid disease. In addition, this study examined the influence of biological and clinical/pathological parameters on the elemental profile. Blood samples from patients diagnosed with multinodular goiter (MNG), thyroid adenoma (TA), and thyroid cancer (TC) were examined and compared with control samples using chemometric analysis. The concentrations of essential (Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se) and toxic elements (Ni, As, Cd, Pb, U) were determined by ICP-MS. This study showed for the first time that the content of Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, and Pb in pathological blood samples was significantly lower compared to the control, while opposite results were obtained for As, Cd, and U. Based on the classification model, the most important trace metals for discrimination of MNG and TC from the control group (CG) were Co and Zn, while Co, Zn, and Mn influenced the distinction of CG from TA. Moreover, it was found that Cu/Zn and U/Se ratios had significantly increased values in pathological blood samples leading to the possibility of establishing new circulating screening markers. These findings can represent significant translational information since these diseases are widespread and the diagnostic procedure is still difficult in many cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Stojsavljević
- Department for Analytical Chemistry, Innovation Center, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| | - Branislav Rovčanin
- Center for Endocrine Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovica 8, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Jagodić
- Department for Analytical Chemistry, Innovation Center, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Đurđa Krstić
- Department for Analytical Chemistry, Innovation Center, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Ivan Paunović
- Center for Endocrine Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovica 8, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Gavrović-Jankulović
- Department for Analytical Chemistry, Innovation Center, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Dragan Manojlović
- Department for Analytical Chemistry, Innovation Center, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
- South Ural State University, Lenin prospect 76, Chelyabinsk, Russia
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Błażewicz A, Wiśniewska P, Skórzyńska-Dziduszko K. Selected Essential and Toxic Chemical Elements in Hypothyroidism-A Literature Review (2001-2021). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10147. [PMID: 34576309 PMCID: PMC8472829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are known for controlling metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, and electrolytes and for regulating body temperature. Normal thyroid status depends on the chemical/elemental composition of body fluids and tissues, which changes depending on physiological state, lifestyle and environment. A deficiency or excess of certain essential chemical elements (selenium, zinc, copper, iron or fluorine) or exposure to toxic (cadmium or lead) or potentially toxic elements (manganese or chromium) interacts with thyroid hormone synthesis and may disturb thyroid homeostasis. In our review, accessible databases (Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science) were searched for articles from 2001-2021 on the influence of selected chemical elements on the development of hypothyroidism. Our review adopted some of the strengths of a systematic review. After non-eligible reports were rejected, 29 remaining articles were reviewed. The review found that disruption of the physiological levels of elements in the body adversely affects the functioning of cells and tissues, which can lead to the development of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Błażewicz
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Interdisciplinary Applications of Ion Chromatography, Faculty of Biomedicine, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Patrycja Wiśniewska
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Interdisciplinary Applications of Ion Chromatography, Faculty of Biomedicine, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Skórzyńska-Dziduszko
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwiłłowska Street, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
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Moravej H, Rakhshandehroo S, Ilkhanipoor H, Amirhakimi A, Rostami K, Yazdani N, Moghtaderi M, Mazlumi-abrazgah S. Role of Selenium Deficiency in Pediatrics with Acquired Hypothyroidism. Int J Prev Med 2021; 12:83. [PMID: 34584649 PMCID: PMC8428320 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_432_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although selenium is one of the nutrients that has an important role in the metabolism of thyroid hormones, it has been investigated in rare studies. This study aimed to evaluate role of selenium deficiency in children and adolescents with acquired hypothyroidism. METHODS This case and control study was conducted on 60 acquired hypothyroidism and 60 healthy children who had been referred to the pediatrics endocrine clinic in Shiraz, Iran, from November 2018 to April 2019. Some information such as age, gender, weight, height, duration of disease, and level of plasma selenium were recorded. Plasma selenium level was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using SPSS software 21.0. RESULTS The mean of selenium level in the case and control groups were 93.77 ± 24.90 μg/dl and 85.96 ± 25.20 μg/dl, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the mean levels of selenium. Independent t-test showed no significant difference in the mean levels of selenium in male and female samples in the case group, but this difference was significant in the control group. CONCLUSION Selenium deficiency may not have significant role as a cause of acquired hypothyroidism in pediatric and adolescent age group, in south of Iran. Thus, it does not seem necessary to routinely check the level of selenium for patients with thyroid dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Moravej
- Neonatal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Rakhshandehroo
- Managing Director of Peyvand Pathobiology and Genetics Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Homa Ilkhanipoor
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Anis Amirhakimi
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Khashayar Rostami
- Department of Pediatric, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Yazdani
- Neonatal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Moghtaderi
- Neonatal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Zake T, Kalere I, Upmale-Engela S, Svirskis S, Gersone G, Skesters A, Groma V, Konrade I. Plasma levels of Th17-associated cytokines and selenium status in autoimmune thyroid diseases. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2021; 9:792-803. [PMID: 33943012 PMCID: PMC8342220 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The contribution of Th17 cytokines to autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is generally accepted. However, the roles of Th17 cells in the initiation and progression of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD) remain unclear. Selenium deficiency, along with genetic predisposition and environmental factors, may have a role in thyroid autoimmunity. Aim We aimed to assess (1) the Th17 immune response by measuring plasma levels of Th17‐ and Treg‐associated cytokines and (2) the selenium status in treatment‐naïve Latvian patients with newly diagnosed GD or HT. Methods Eleven GD patients, 41 HT patients, and 26 healthy subjects were recruited for this study. Plasma levels of IL‐17a, IL‐22, IL‐23, IL‐6, and IL‐10 were detected by xMAP technology, while selenium was detected fluorometrically. Results and Conclusions No significant differences in IL‐17a, IL‐22, IL‐23, IL‐6, or IL‐10 levels were found among the HT patients, GD patients, and controls. In the HT patients, IL‐17a levels were positively correlated with IL‐22, IL‐23, IL‐6, and IL‐10, while IL‐22 was correlated with IL‐6, IL‐23, and IL‐10. In the GD patients, IL‐17a levels were positively correlated with IL‐22, IL‐23, and IL‐10; IL‐22 was positively correlated with IL‐23, IL‐6, and IL‐10; FT3 was positively correlated with IL‐17a, IL‐23, and IL‐10; and FT4 was positively correlated with IL‐17a and IL‐10 levels. Plasma selenium levels were negatively correlated with antithyroid peroxidase antibody titers in the HT patients. Although no difference in selenium levels was observed between the AITD patients and controls, the selenium status of the Latvian patients with GD or HT was at a suboptimal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Zake
- Department of Internal Medicine, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ieva Kalere
- Department of Internal Medicine, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Simons Svirskis
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Gita Gersone
- Department of Human Physiology and Biochemistry, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Andrejs Skesters
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Valerija Groma
- Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilze Konrade
- Department of Internal Medicine, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
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12
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Bizerea-Moga TO, Pitulice L, Bizerea-Spiridon O, Moga TV. Evaluation of Serum Selenium Status by Age and Gender: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study in Western Romania. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051497. [PMID: 33925066 PMCID: PMC8145713 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium, residing in a series of selenoproteins, plays an important role in both female and male reproductive function. Of particular significance for reproduction is the antioxidant glutathione peroxidase (GPx), a main selenoenzyme, whose level is regulated by the availability of Se in the body. We hypothesized that changes in Se status, closely related to GPx activity, would result in an increased risk of reproductive dysfunction in individuals. We retrospectively investigated the serum selenium (SeS) concentrations of 1264 apparently healthy people, aged 16–89 years, from Western Romania. The general analysis revealed a non-normal SeS distribution with a median SeS of 100.26 ± 18.32 μg/L and a significant difference in SeS levels between age groups. The analysis of the young group (16–35 years) revealed that up to 50% of individuals did not reach the SeS threshold corresponding to maximum GPx activity (80 μg/L), and a significant imbalance between the genders was apparent when looking at SeS values outside the range. Our results correlated with the general diminished reproductive ability registered in Romania during the last few years. Serum selenium content proves to offer a proper reflection of the fertility competence of the young population, and its monitoring is important for guiding dietary adjustments and attaining normal reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teofana Otilia Bizerea-Moga
- Department XI of Pediatrics—1st Pediatric Discipline, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq no 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
- 1st Pediatric Clinic, “Louis Țurcanu” Children’s Clinical and Emergency Hospital, Iosif Nemoianu 2, 300011 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Laura Pitulice
- Department of Biology-Chemistry, West University of Timişoara, Pestallozi 16, 300115 Timişoara, Romania;
- Laboratory of Advanced Researches in Environmental Protection, Oituz 4, 300086 Timişoara, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-744-517-275
| | - Otilia Bizerea-Spiridon
- Department of Biology-Chemistry, West University of Timişoara, Pestallozi 16, 300115 Timişoara, Romania;
- Laboratory of Advanced Researches in Environmental Protection, Oituz 4, 300086 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Tudor Voicu Moga
- Department VII of Internal Medicine—Gastroenterology Discipline, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq no 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Clinic, “Pius Brînzeu” County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Liviu Rebreanu 156, 300723 Timișoara, Romania
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Serum Selenium Status and Its Interrelationship with Serum Biomarkers of Thyroid Function and Antioxidant Defense in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111070. [PMID: 33142736 PMCID: PMC7692168 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) deficiency has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), although the available evidence is limited. The present study aimed to explore the interrelationships between serum Se status with measures of thyroid function and antioxidant defense in new cases of HT patients with hypoechogenic thyroid. HT patients (n = 49) and matched controls (n = 50) were recruited. Selenium, thyroid hormone panel, thyroid volume (TVol), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase3 (GPx3) activity, urinary iodine concentration (UIC), and urinary creatinine (Cr) were assessed. HT patients exhibited lower Se levels compared to controls (p < 0.001) with the rates of Se-deficient (<0.85 µmol/L) participants being 58.8% and 34%, respectively. Se-deficient patients exhibited higher thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Thyroid volume (TVol), thyroglobulin, antibody-titers, GPx3 activity and UIC/Cr compared to Se-sufficient patients (all p < 0.001). In the Se-deficient patients, inverse correlations were seen between Se-levels with TSH, TVol, and Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) (all p < 0.001). This study is the first to uncover that coexisting Se-deficiency and elevated iodine in HT may enhance autoimmune reactions and accelerate the deterioration of thyroid function through oxidative stress. Our study also highlights the importance of optimal Se status in this disease, thus providing a rationale for the execution of intervention trials for the evaluation of the clinical benefits of antioxidant-status improvement in HT.
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Talebi S, Ghaedi E, Sadeghi E, Mohammadi H, Hadi A, Clark CCT, Askari G. Trace Element Status and Hypothyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 197:1-14. [PMID: 31820354 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01963-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between thyroid hormones metabolism and trace element levels has biological plausibility; however, previous reports that compared trace element levels in patients with hypothyroidism and healthy individuals yielded conflicting results. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the association between selected trace elements (i.e., selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb)), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations in patients with hypothyroidism and healthy controls. Electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Science Direct, were searched systematically until September 2019. Thirty-two observational studies were included in the final analyses. Hedges' g tests were used to estimate effect sizes, as trace element concentrations were reported using different measurement units across the studies. Selenium (Hedges' g = - 0.52; 95% CI = [- 1.05, - 0.002]; P = 0.049) and Zn (Hedges' g = - 0.86; 95% CI = [- 1.66, - 0.06]; P = 0.035) concentrations were significantly lower, whereas Pb concentrations were significantly higher (Hedges' g = 0.34; 95% CI = [0.10, 0.59]; P = 0.006) in patients with hypothyroidism compared with healthy controls. There were no differences in the concentrations of Fe, Cu, Mn, and Mg between the groups. Patients with hypothyroidism exhibited lower Se and Zn and increased Pb concentrations compared with healthy controls. High-quality studies with larger sample sizes are required to explicate the link between trace element status and hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepide Talebi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ghaedi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Sadeghi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Hadi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
- Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Faculty Research Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745, Isfahan, Iran.
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