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Adenosine kinase inhibition attenuates ischemia reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury. Life Sci 2020; 256:117972. [PMID: 32544464 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) has a high morbidity and mortality, and there is no targeted treatment yet. One of the main causes of AKI is ischemia-reperfusion (IR). Increased release of adenosine under stress and hypoxia exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Adenosine kinase (ADK) is an important enzyme that eliminates adenosine in cells, and can maintain low adenosine concentration in cells. Our previous studies have shown that pretreatment of adenosine kinase inhibitor ABT-702 could markedly attenuate cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity both in vivo and in vitro. This study is designed to investigate the effect of ADK inhibition on IR-induced AKI. The results showed that ADK expression was positively correlated with the degree of renal tubular injury, which suggested that the degree of ADK inhibition reflected the severity of acute tubular necrosis. In vivo, ADK inhibitor could reduce IR-induced renal injury, which might play a protective role by increasing tissue adenosine level, inhibiting oxidative stress, and reducing cell apoptosis. In HK2 cells, cobaltous dichloride (CoCl2) increased the level of oxidative stress, up-regulated the production of pro-inflammatory factor, and induced apoptosis, ADK inhibition could alleviate the above damaging effects. Moreover, the anti-apoptotic effect exerted by ADK inhibition was independent of inosine. In summary, our results support the idea that ADK inhibition has protective effects on IR-induced AKI. Adenosine kinase inhibition might provide a new target for AKI prevention and treatment.
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Jamwal S, Mittal A, Kumar P, Alhayani DM, Al-Aboudi A. Therapeutic Potential of Agonists and Antagonists of A1, A2a, A2b and A3 Adenosine Receptors. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2892-2905. [PMID: 31333104 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190716112319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine is a naturally occurring nucleoside and an essential component of the energy production and utilization systems of the body. Adenosine is formed by the degradation of adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) during energy-consuming processes. Adenosine regulates numerous physiological processes through activation of four subtypes of G-protein coupled membrane receptors viz. A1, A2A, A2B and A3. Its physiological importance depends on the affinity of these receptors and the extracellular concentrations reached. ATP acts as a neurotransmitter in both peripheral and central nervous systems. In the peripheral nervous system, ATP is involved in chemical transmission in sensory and autonomic ganglia, whereas in central nervous system, ATP, released from synaptic terminals, induces fast excitatory postsynaptic currents. ATP provides the energetics for all muscle movements, heart beats, nerve signals and chemical reactions inside the body. Adenosine has been traditionally considered an inhibitor of neuronal activity and a regulator of cerebral blood flow. Since adenosine is neuroprotective against excitotoxic and metabolic dysfunctions observed in neurological and ocular diseases, the search for adenosinerelated drugs regulating adenosine transporters and receptors can be important for advancement of therapeutic strategies against these diseases. This review will summarize the therapeutic potential and recent SAR and pharmacology of adenosine and its receptor agonists and antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Jamwal
- School of Pharmacy and Emerging Sciences, Baddi University of Emerging Sciences and Technologies, Baddi, India
| | - Ashish Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.R.S. Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.R.S. Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Dana M Alhayani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, PO Box - 1, 19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Amal Al-Aboudi
- Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
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Sandoval-Talamantes AK, Gómez-González BA, Uriarte-Mayorga DF, Martínez-Guzman MA, Wheber-Hidalgo KA, Alvarado-Navarro A. Neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and their receptors interact with immune response in healthy and psoriatic skin. Neuropeptides 2020; 79:102004. [PMID: 31902596 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2019.102004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a multifactorial origin that affects the skin. It is characterized by keratinocyte hyperproliferation, which results in erythemato-squamous plaques. Just as the immune system plays a fundamental role in psoriasis physiopathology, the nervous system maintains the inflammatory process through the neuropeptides and neurotransmitters synthesis, as histamine, serotonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, nerve growth factor, vasoactive intestinal peptide, substance P, adenosine, glucagon-like peptide, somatostatin and pituitary adenylate cyclase polypeptide. In patients with psoriasis, the systemic or in situ expression of these chemical mediators and their receptors are altered, which affects the clinical activity of patients due to its link to the immune system, provoking neurogenic inflammation. It is important to establish the role of the nervous system since it could represent a therapeutic alternative for psoriasis patients. The aim of this review is to offer a detailed review of the current literature about the neuropeptides and neurotransmitters involved in the physiopathology of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karen Sandoval-Talamantes
- Centro de Reabilitación Infantil Teletón de Occidente, Copal 4575, Col. Arboledas del Sur, 44980 Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - B A Gómez-González
- Instituto Dermatológico de Jalisco "Dr. José Barba Rubio", Av. Federalismo Norte 3102, Col. Atemajac del Valle, 45190 Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - D F Uriarte-Mayorga
- Instituto Dermatológico de Jalisco "Dr. José Barba Rubio", Av. Federalismo Norte 3102, Col. Atemajac del Valle, 45190 Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - M A Martínez-Guzman
- Unima Diagnósticos de México, Paseo de los Mosqueteros 4181, Col. Villa Universitaria, 45110 Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - Katia Alejandra Wheber-Hidalgo
- Instituto Dermatológico de Jalisco "Dr. José Barba Rubio", Av. Federalismo Norte 3102, Col. Atemajac del Valle, 45190 Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - Anabell Alvarado-Navarro
- Centro de Investigación en Inmunología y dermatología, Universidad de Guadalajara, México, Sierra Mojada 950, Col. Independencia, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
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Nicolae I, Tampa M, Ene CD, Mitran CI, Mitran MI, Sarbu MI, Matei C, Ene C, Georgescu SR. Correlations between related-purine derivatives and renal disorders in patients with psoriasis vulgaris. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:1012-1019. [PMID: 30679967 PMCID: PMC6327447 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.7053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data suggest that severe psoriasis is an independent risk factor for chronic renal disease. In the present study, we investigated the role of related-purine derivatives as predictors of renal dysfunctions in patients with psoriasis. A prospective study was conducted on a group of 45 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 45 control cases, monitored over a 5-year period. Alterations of renal function, albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR, mg/g) and UA/creatinine ratio (UACR, mg/mg) were determined in spontaneous urine samples. The status of related-purine derivatives was evaluated by quantification of uric acid (UA, mg/dl), adenosine deaminase (ADA, UI/mg protein), xanthine oxidase (XO, UI/mg protein) and 8-hydroxy-deoxy-guanosine levels (8-OHdG, ng/ml) in serum samples. Compared to the controls, in patients with psoriasis there was an increase in related-purine derivatives levels, which was demonstrated by the elevated serum levels of UA (5.1±0.4 vs. 5.4±1.0, P=0.066), ADA (0.14±0.08 vs. 0.29±0.12, P=0.052), XO (0.22±0.11 vs. 0.42±0.21, P=0.011) and 8-OHdG (3.1±0.05 vs. 8.3±4.7, P=0.002). The serum levels of related-purine derivatives were associated with the severity of psoriasis. In addition, there was a link between the serum levels of related-purine derivatives and markers of renal impairment. There were positive correlations between 8-OHdG and ACR (r=0.452, P=0.028) and between ADA, XO, UA, 8-OHdG and UACR (r=0.297 and P=0.032, r=0.301 and P=0.002, r=0.431 and P=0.027, r=0.508 and P=0.002) and negative correlations between UA, 8-OHdG and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (r=-0.301 and P=0.036, r=-0.384 and P=0.002). Thus, severe psoriasis is a risk factor for the development of renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilinca Nicolae
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Victor Babes’ Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Tampa
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Victor Babes’ Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina Daniela Ene
- Department of Nephrology, ‘Carol Davila’ Nephrology Hospital, 010731 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Iulia Mitran
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Victor Babes’ Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Microbiology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Madalina Irina Mitran
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Victor Babes’ Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Microbiology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Isabela Sarbu
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Clara Matei
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cosmin Ene
- Department of Urology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Roxana Georgescu
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Victor Babes’ Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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Ramez SA, Soliman MM, Fadel M, Nour El-Deen F, Nasr M, Youness ER, Aboel-Fadl DM. Novel methotrexate soft nanocarrier/fractional erbium YAG laser combination for clinical treatment of plaque psoriasis. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:996-1002. [PMID: 29448838 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1440236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a commonly encountered chronic dermatological disease, presenting with inflammatory symptoms in patients. Systemic treatment of psoriasis is associated with several adverse effects, therefore the development of a customized topical treatment modality for psoriasis would be an interesting alternative to systemic delivery. The therapeutic modality explored in this article was the comparative treatment of psoriatic patients using nanoparticulated methotrexate in the form of jojoba oil-based microemulsion with or without fractional erbium YAG laser. Assessment parameters included follow-up photography for up to 8 weeks of treatment, estimation of the psoriasis severity [TES (thickness, erythema, scales)] score, and histopathological skin evaluation. The prepared methotrexate microemulsion was clinically beneficial and safe in treatment of psoriasis vulgaris. The concomitant use of the fractional laser provided improvement in the psoriatic plaques within shorter time duration (3 weeks compared to 8 weeks of treatment), presenting an alternative topical treatment modality for psoriasis vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahenda A Ramez
- a Department of Dermatology , National Research Centre, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mona M Soliman
- b Dermatology Unit, Department of Medical Laser Applications, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Maha Fadel
- c Pharmaceutics Unit, Department of Medical Laser Applications, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Faisal Nour El-Deen
- a Department of Dermatology , National Research Centre, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Maha Nasr
- d Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt.,e Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology , Mutah University , Al-Karak , Jordan
| | - Eman R Youness
- f Department of Medical Biochemistry , National Research Centre, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Dalea M Aboel-Fadl
- g Department of Pathology , National Research Centre, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
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Burnstock G. Purinergic Signalling: Therapeutic Developments. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:661. [PMID: 28993732 PMCID: PMC5622197 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signalling, i.e., the role of nucleotides as extracellular signalling molecules, was proposed in 1972. However, this concept was not well accepted until the early 1990's when receptor subtypes for purines and pyrimidines were cloned and characterised, which includes four subtypes of the P1 (adenosine) receptor, seven subtypes of P2X ion channel receptors and 8 subtypes of the P2Y G protein-coupled receptor. Early studies were largely concerned with the physiology, pharmacology and biochemistry of purinergic signalling. More recently, the focus has been on the pathophysiology and therapeutic potential. There was early recognition of the use of P1 receptor agonists for the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia and A2A receptor antagonists are promising for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Clopidogrel, a P2Y12 antagonist, is widely used for the treatment of thrombosis and stroke, blocking P2Y12 receptor-mediated platelet aggregation. Diquafosol, a long acting P2Y2 receptor agonist, is being used for the treatment of dry eye. P2X3 receptor antagonists have been developed that are orally bioavailable and stable in vivo and are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of chronic cough, bladder incontinence, visceral pain and hypertension. Antagonists to P2X7 receptors are being investigated for the treatment of inflammatory disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. Other investigations are in progress for the use of purinergic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis, myocardial infarction, irritable bowel syndrome, epilepsy, atherosclerosis, depression, autism, diabetes, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical SchoolLondon, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, MelbourneVIC, Australia
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7
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Ravani A, Vincenzi F, Bortoluzzi A, Padovan M, Pasquini S, Gessi S, Merighi S, Borea PA, Govoni M, Varani K. Role and Function of A 2A and A₃ Adenosine Receptors in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis, Psoriatic Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040697. [PMID: 28338619 PMCID: PMC5412283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases that affect joints, causing debilitating pain and disability. Adenosine receptors (ARs) play a key role in the mechanism of inflammation, and the activation of A2A and A₃AR subtypes is often associated with a reduction of the inflammatory status. The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of ARs in patients suffering from early-RA (ERA), RA, AS and PsA. Messenger RNA (mRNA) analysis and saturation binding experiments indicated an upregulation of A2A and A₃ARs in lymphocytes obtained from patients when compared with healthy subjects. A2A and A₃AR agonists inhibited nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation and reduced inflammatory cytokines release, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. Moreover, A2A and A₃AR activation mediated a reduction of metalloproteinases (MMP)-1 and MMP-3. The effect of the agonists was abrogated by selective antagonists demonstrating the direct involvement of these receptor subtypes. Taken together, these data confirmed the involvement of ARs in chronic autoimmune rheumatic diseases highlighting the possibility to exploit A2A and A₃ARs as therapeutic targets, with the aim to limit the inflammatory responses usually associated with RA, AS and PsA.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine/analogs & derivatives
- Adenosine/chemistry
- Adenosine/metabolism
- Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists/chemistry
- Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists/metabolism
- Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists/chemistry
- Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists/metabolism
- Adenosine A3 Receptor Agonists/chemistry
- Adenosine A3 Receptor Agonists/metabolism
- Adenosine A3 Receptor Antagonists/chemistry
- Adenosine A3 Receptor Antagonists/metabolism
- Arthritis, Psoriatic/metabolism
- Arthritis, Psoriatic/pathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Case-Control Studies
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Kinetics
- Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 1/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 3/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Phenethylamines/chemistry
- Phenethylamines/metabolism
- Pyrazoles/chemistry
- Pyrazoles/metabolism
- Pyrimidines/chemistry
- Pyrimidines/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor, Adenosine A2A/genetics
- Receptor, Adenosine A2A/metabolism
- Receptor, Adenosine A3/genetics
- Receptor, Adenosine A3/metabolism
- Spondylitis, Ankylosing/metabolism
- Spondylitis, Ankylosing/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Ravani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Unit, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Unit, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Bortoluzzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, University of Ferrara and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Anna, 44124 Cona, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Melissa Padovan
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, University of Ferrara and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Anna, 44124 Cona, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Silvia Pasquini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Unit, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Unit, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Stefania Merighi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Unit, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Pier Andrea Borea
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Unit, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Marcello Govoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, University of Ferrara and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Anna, 44124 Cona, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Unit, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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Schön MP, Broekaert SMC, Erpenbeck L. Sexy again: the renaissance of neutrophils in psoriasis. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:305-311. [PMID: 27194625 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Notwithstanding their prominent presence in psoriatic skin, the functional role of neutrophilic granulocytes still remains somewhat enigmatic. Sparked by exciting scientific discoveries regarding neutrophil functions within the last years, the interest in these short-lived cells of the innate immune system has been boosted recently. While it had been known for some time that neutrophils produce and respond to a number of inflammatory mediators, recent research has linked neutrophils with the pathogenic functions of IL-17, possibly in conjunction with the formation of NETs (neutrophil extracellular traps). Antipsoriatic therapies exert their effects, at least in part, through interference with neutrophils. Neutrophils also appear to connect psoriasis with comorbid diseases. However, directly tampering with neutrophil functions is not trivial as evinced by the failure of therapeutic approaches targeting redundantly regulated cellular communication networks. It has also become apparent that neutrophils link important pathogenic functions of the innate and the adaptive immune system and that they are intricately involved in regulatory networks underlying the pathophysiology of psoriasis. In order to advocate intensified research into the role of this interesting cell population, we here highlight some features of neutrophils and put them into perspective with our current view of the pathophysiology of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergolosgy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sigrid M C Broekaert
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergolosgy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Luise Erpenbeck
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergolosgy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Martínez-Mármol R, Styrczewska K, Pérez-Verdaguer M, Vallejo-Gracia A, Comes N, Sorkin A, Felipe A. Ubiquitination mediates Kv1.3 endocytosis as a mechanism for protein kinase C-dependent modulation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42395. [PMID: 28186199 PMCID: PMC5301257 DOI: 10.1038/srep42395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The voltage-dependent potassium channel Kv1.3 plays essential physiological functions in the immune system. Kv1.3, regulating the membrane potential, facilitates downstream Ca2+ -dependent pathways and becomes concentrated in specific membrane microdomains that serve as signaling platforms. Increased and/or delocalized expression of the channel is observed at the onset of several autoimmune diseases. In this work, we show that adenosine (ADO), which is a potent endogenous modulator, stimulates PKC, thereby causing immunosuppression. PKC activation triggers down-regulation of Kv1.3 by inducing a clathrin-mediated endocytic event that targets the channel to lysosomal-degradative compartments. Therefore, the abundance of Kv1.3 at the cell surface decreases, which is clearly compatible with an effective anti-inflammatory response. This mechanism requires ubiquitination of Kv1.3, catalyzed by the E3 ubiquitin-ligase Nedd4-2. Postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), a member of the MAGUK family, recruits Kv1.3 into lipid-raft microdomains and protects the channel against ubiquitination and endocytosis. Therefore, the Kv1.3/PSD-95 association fine-tunes the anti-inflammatory response in leukocytes. Because Kv1.3 is a promising multi-therapeutic target against human pathologies, our results have physiological relevance. In addition, this work elucidates the ADO-dependent PKC-mediated molecular mechanism that triggers immunomodulation by targeting Kv1.3 in leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Martínez-Mármol
- Molecular Physiology laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicna Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Katarzyna Styrczewska
- Molecular Physiology laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicna Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Pérez-Verdaguer
- Molecular Physiology laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicna Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Vallejo-Gracia
- Molecular Physiology laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicna Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Comes
- Molecular Physiology laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicna Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Universitat de Barcelona and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexander Sorkin
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Antonio Felipe
- Molecular Physiology laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicna Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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