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Dutta S, Nie CW, Sarna A, Hari P, Sengupta P. Second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) as the 'anatomical marker' and reproductive 'hormonal fingerprint' in the occurrence dental plaque accumulation. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2024; 45:41-47. [PMID: 38726654 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2023-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Digit ratio (2D:4D), as endocrine fingerprint, can indicate prenatal androgen exposure. It serves as an anatomical marker for various systemic diseases and a few studies relating it to oral health. The present study aims to evaluate the association between digit ratio and susceptibility to dental plaque formation. METHODS The study was conducted on young adults aged between 18 and 25 years. Digit ratio and reproductive hormones were measured; dental plaque score and gingival index (GI) were recorded. Data were analysed using the MedCalc. v.20. RESULTS Male and female participants were categorized into two groups based on their digit ratios being either above or below the calculated average (0.99 for females, 0.98 for males). Those with a digit ratio below the average had a significantly higher mean dental plaque score (p < 0.0001) than those with ratios at or above the average. However, there was no significant difference in the GI between the two groups. Reproductive hormone profiles varied significantly between the higher and lower digit ratio groups for both sexes. CONCLUSIONS Digit ratio may find potential to be used as an anatomical marker to identify the susceptibility to dental plaque build-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulagna Dutta
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Chin Win Nie
- Faculty of Dentistry, 105956 MAHSA University , Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amrita Sarna
- Faculty of Dentistry, 105956 MAHSA University , Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Padmini Hari
- Faculty of Dentistry, 105956 MAHSA University , Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pallav Sengupta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE
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Kulakli S, Kulakli F, Yilmaz B, Sari İF, Oğuz ID. Is seborrheic dermatitis associated with early-stage osteoarthritis? Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37217. [PMID: 38335384 PMCID: PMC10860987 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) and osteoarthritis involve similar factors in their pathogenesis. Both of these diseases are associated with an increased frequency of metabolic syndrome and underlying systemic inflammation. This study evaluated the thickness of the distal femoral cartilage using ultrasonography in patients with SD. The study enrolled 60 patients with SD (19 females and 41 males, mean age: 34.07 ± 12.56 years) and 60 controls matched for age and sex (20 females and 40 males, mean age: 35.08 ± 12.78 years). Ultrasonography was used to measure the distal femoral cartilage thickness (FCT) of the right medial condyle, right lateral condyle, right intercondylar area, left medial condyle, left lateral condyle, and left intercondylar area. FCT values at all points were significantly higher in patients with SD than in the controls (P < .05). Further, all FCT values were significantly higher in patients with moderate SD than in those with mild SD (P < .001). A strong positive correlation was observed between disease severity and FCT measured at right medial condyle (r = .7, P < .001), right lateral condyle (r = .749, P < .001), right intercondylar area (r = .79, P < .001), left medial condyle (r = .624, P < .001), and left intercondylar area (r = .703, P < .001). Further, a moderately positive correlation was observed between disease severity and FCT measured at left lateral condyle (r = .581, P < .001). Increased FCT in patients with SD might be an early indicator of osteoarthritis. However, further studies, especially those evaluating older patients with SD, are required to support our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Kulakli
- Giresun University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Fazil Kulakli
- Giresun University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Betül Yilmaz
- Giresun University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Giresun, Turkey
| | - İlker Fatih Sari
- Giresun University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Işil Deniz Oğuz
- Giresun University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Giresun, Turkey
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Chen WC, Hsu WL, Chen JYF, Shih NH, Wu CY. Second-to-fourth digit ratio and age predicting the severity of androgenetic alopecia: a cross-sectional study. Aging Male 2022; 25:242-248. [PMID: 36628519 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2022.2119954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common type of hair loss. Previous studies indicated that the relative length of the index and ring finger (2D:4D ratio) of AGA patients was lower than control. However, the correlation between 2D:4D ratio and disease severity is unclear. In this study, we sought to evaluate the relationship between digit ratio of the right hand and AGA severity in male patients.Materials and methods: The cross-sectional study was performed. Hamilton-Norwood scale was used to assess severity. The finger lengths of the right hand were measured using a digital caliper.Results: Our study found that the lower the right-handed 2D:4D ratio, the greater the risk of developing AGA and that the severity of AGA increases with age. Patients with moderate and severe AGA (grade 3 and above) had lower 2D:4D ratios and higher average age compared with patients with mild AGA (Norwood grade 2). Patients aged ≥37.5 with a 2D:4D ratio <0.947 were six times more likely to have moderate-to-severe androgenetic alopecia compared with the reference group (OR: 6.11; 95% CI: 1.96-19.04).Conclusions: Combining 2D:4D ratio and older age may help predict the severity risk of AGA, and offer a clinically accessible, non-invasive approach for patients to easily predict their future severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chiao Chen
- College of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Li Hsu
- College of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jeff Yi-Fu Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Hua Shih
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ying Wu
- College of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Demirbaş A, Eker H. Is there a correlation the between the second to fourth digit ratio and vitiligo? A cross‐sectional study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:3146-3151. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Demirbaş
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Kocaeli University Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Hediye Eker
- Department of Dermatology Selçuk University Konya Turkey
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Vijaya Chandra SH, Srinivas R, Dawson TL, Common JE. Cutaneous Malassezia: Commensal, Pathogen, or Protector? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:614446. [PMID: 33575223 PMCID: PMC7870721 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.614446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin microbial community is a multifunctional ecosystem aiding prevention of infections from transient pathogens, maintenance of host immune homeostasis, and skin health. A better understanding of the complex milieu of microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions will be required to define the ecosystem's optimal function and enable rational design of microbiome targeted interventions. Malassezia, a fungal genus currently comprising 18 species and numerous functionally distinct strains, are lipid-dependent basidiomycetous yeasts and integral components of the skin microbiome. The high proportion of Malassezia in the skin microbiome makes understanding their role in healthy and diseased skin crucial to development of functional skin health knowledge and understanding of normal, healthy skin homeostasis. Over the last decade, new tools for Malassezia culture, detection, and genetic manipulation have revealed not only the ubiquity of Malassezia on skin but new pathogenic roles in seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, Crohn's disease, and pancreatic ductal carcinoma. Application of these tools continues to peel back the layers of Malassezia/skin interactions, including clear examples of pathogenicity, commensalism, and potential protective or beneficial activities creating mutualism. Our increased understanding of host- and microbe-specific interactions should lead to identification of key factors that maintain skin in a state of healthy mutualism or, in turn, initiate pathogenic changes. These approaches are leading toward development of new therapeutic targets and treatment options. This review discusses recent developments that have expanded our understanding of Malassezia's role in the skin microbiome, with a focus on its multiple roles in health and disease as commensal, pathogen, and protector.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramasamy Srinivas
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas L Dawson
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - John E Common
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
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Özer İ, Temiz SA, Ataseven A, Dursun R, Uyar M, Özer M. Is prenatal testosterone-estrogen balance associated with psoriasis? Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e14213. [PMID: 32820834 DOI: 10.1111/dth.14213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The etiopathogenesis of psoriasis is not understood; however, psoriasis is affected by hormones, particularly the sex steroids. The second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) ratio, which is an indicator of prenatal sex hormone balance, has been studied in various diseases that are affected by hormones. A total of 369 individuals comprising 172 patients with psoriasis and 197 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Patients with psoriasis were divided into type-1 and type-2, according to age of onset and family history. The 2D:4D ratio of both hands was recorded for all participants. Females in the psoriasis group had a lower 2D:4D ratio in both hands compared with those in the control group, with no significant difference. Males in the psoriasis group had a higher 2D:4D ratio for both hands compared with those in the control group (P = .009 and P < .001 for the right and left hands, respectively). Further, male patients with type-1 psoriasis had a lower 2D:4D ratio compared to those with type-2 psoriasis. Our results suggest that an alteration of the estrogen-testosterone balance due to prenatal testosterone activity is an independent predisposing factor for psoriasis in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlkay Özer
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram, Konya, Turkey
| | - Selami A Temiz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram, Konya, Turkey
| | - Arzu Ataseven
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram, Konya, Turkey
| | - Recep Dursun
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Uyar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Özer
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram, Konya, Turkey
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