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Khoury W, Trus R, Chen X, Baghaie L, Clark M, Szewczuk MR, El-Diasty M. Parsimonious Effect of Pentoxifylline on Angiogenesis: A Novel Pentoxifylline-Biased Adenosine G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling Platform. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081199. [PMID: 37190108 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the physiological process of developing new blood vessels to facilitate the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to meet the functional demands of growing tissues. It also plays a vital role in the development of neoplastic disorders. Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a vasoactive synthetic methyl xanthine derivative used for decades to manage chronic occlusive vascular disorders. Recently, it has been proposed that PTX might have an inhibitory effect on the angiogenesis process. Here, we reviewed the modulatory effects of PTX on angiogenesis and its potential benefits in the clinical setting. Twenty-two studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. While sixteen studies demonstrated that pentoxifylline had an antiangiogenic effect, four suggested it had a proangiogenic effect, and two other studies showed it did not affect angiogenesis. All studies were either in vivo animal studies or in vitro animal and human cell models. Our findings suggest that pentoxifylline may affect the angiogenic process in experimental models. However, there is insufficient evidence to establish its role as an anti-angiogenesis agent in the clinical setting. These gaps in our knowledge regarding how pentoxifylline is implicated in host-biased metabolically taxing angiogenic switch may be via its adenosine A2BAR G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) mechanism. GPCR receptors reinforce the importance of research to understand the mechanistic action of these drugs on the body as promising metabolic candidates. The specific mechanisms and details of the effects of pentoxifylline on host metabolism and energy homeostasis remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Khoury
- School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3L4, Canada
| | - Ryan Trus
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N9, Canada
- School of Medicine, The Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Xingyu Chen
- School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3L4, Canada
| | - Leili Baghaie
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Mira Clark
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N9, Canada
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Myron R Szewczuk
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Mohammad El-Diasty
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
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Chi M, Gu L, Zhang L, Lin J, Xu Q, Jiang N, Wang Y, Qi Y, Diao W, Yi W, Zhao G, Li C. Pentoxifylline treats Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis by reducing fungal burden and suppressing corneal inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 945:175607. [PMID: 36822458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Fungal keratitis (FK) is a blinding ocular disease, which mainly results from fungal damage and excessive inflammation. Pentoxifylline, a kind of methylxanthine, has been discovered to have anti-inflammatory properties in various infectious diseases, hinting a potential therapeutic effect on treating corneal fungal infection. Whereas, the therapeutic impact of pentoxifylline on fungal keratitis is still uncertain. This study investigated the antifungal capability against Aspergillus fumigatus and the anti-inflammatory role of pentoxifylline by activating nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase1 (HO1) pathway in the process of FK. In our research, we demonstrated that pentoxifylline could effectively inhibit fungal growth and inflammatory reaction. Pentoxifylline reduced the production of pro-inflammatory factors by stimulating the Nrf2/HO1 pathway. Although there was no statistical difference between the curative efficacy of pentoxifylline and natamycin application to FK, pentoxifylline could promote corneal epithelial repair and was less toxicity to the ocular surface than natamycin. In conclusion, pentoxifylline performs antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects by lessening the fungus burden and activating the Nrf2/HO1 pathway, hinting that it has the potential to be a new therapeutic medication for Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghui Chi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Lingwen Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Yinghe Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Weilin Diao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Wendan Yi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Guiqiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China.
| | - Cui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China.
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Borghi SM, Zaninelli TH, Saraiva-Santos T, Bertozzi MM, Cardoso RDR, Carvalho TT, Ferraz CR, Camilios-Neto D, Cunha FQ, Cunha TM, Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Casagrande R, Verri WA. Brief research report: Repurposing pentoxifylline to treat intense acute swimming-Induced delayed-onset muscle soreness in mice: Targeting peripheral and spinal cord nociceptive mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:950314. [PMID: 36703752 PMCID: PMC9871252 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.950314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we pursue determining the effect of pentoxifylline (Ptx) in delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) triggered by exposing untrained mice to intense acute swimming exercise (120 min), which, to our knowledge, has not been investigated. Ptx treatment (1.5, 4.5, and 13.5 mg/kg; i.p., 30 min before and 12 h after the session) reduced intense acute swimming-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in a dose-dependent manner. The selected dose of Ptx (4.5 mg/kg) inhibited recruitment of neutrophils to the muscle tissue, oxidative stress, and both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production in the soleus muscle and spinal cord. Furthermore, Ptx treatment also reduced spinal cord glial cell activation. In conclusion, Ptx reduces pain by targeting peripheral and spinal cord mechanisms of DOMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio M. Borghi
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil,Center for Research in Health Science, University of Northern Paraná, Londrina, Brazil,*Correspondence: Sergio M. Borghi, ; Waldiceu A. Verri Jr,
| | - Tiago H. Zaninelli
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Telma Saraiva-Santos
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Mariana M. Bertozzi
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Renato D. R. Cardoso
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Thacyana T. Carvalho
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Camila R. Ferraz
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Doumit Camilios-Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Exact Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Fernando Q. Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Thiago M. Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Felipe A. Pinho-Ribeiro
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A. Verri
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil,*Correspondence: Sergio M. Borghi, ; Waldiceu A. Verri Jr,
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Oxidative stress-induced endothelial cells-derived exosomes accelerate skin flap survival through Lnc NEAT1-mediated promotion of endothelial progenitor cell function. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:325. [PMID: 35850692 PMCID: PMC9290268 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Flap transplantation is commonly used in reconstructive surgery. A prerequisite for skin flap survival is sufficient blood supply. However, such approaches remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of exosomes derived from human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to oxidative stress on endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and their subsequent influence on the survival of skin flaps. Methods HUVECs were treated with various concentrations of H2O2 to establish an oxidative stress model. To investigate the effects of H2O2-HUVEC-Exos and HUVEC-Exos, Cell Counting Kit-8, tube formation, invasion assays, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were performed in EPCs. Microarray analysis was used to reveal the differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the H2O2-HUVEC-Exos and HUVEC-Exos. In addition, gene silencing and western blotting were employed to determine the mechanism behind lncRNA nuclear enrichment enriched transcript 1 (Lnc NEAT1) in EPCs. Further, a rat skin flap model was used to determine the role of the exosomes in skin flap survival in vivo. Results HUVECs were stimulated with 100 μmol/L H2O2 for 12 h to establish an oxidative stress model. H2O2-HUVEC-Exos promoted the proliferation, tube formation, and invasion of EPCs and remarkably increased skin flap survival compared to the HUVEC-Exos and control groups. Sequencing of exosome RNAs revealed that the Lnc NEAT1 level was dramatically increased in the H2O2-HUVEC-Exos, leading to activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Comparatively, knockdown of Lnc NEAT1 in HUVEC-Exos and H2O2-HUVEC-Exos significantly inhibits the angiogenic capacity of EPCs, reduced the survival area of skin flap and downregulated the expression levels of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway proteins, whereas Wnt agonist partly reversed the negative effect of NEAT1 downregulation on EPCs through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Conclusions Exosomes derived from HUVECs stimulated by oxidative stress significantly promoted the pro-angiogenic ability of EPCs through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway mediated by Lnc NEAT1 and hence enhanced random flap survival in vivo. Therefore, the application of H2O2-HUVEC-Exos may serve as an alternative therapy for improving random skin flap survival. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03013-9.
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