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Lyu Q, Wang X, Dang Y, Zhu L, Chen L, Wang X, Ding W. Evaluation Method of Texture of Glutinous Rice Cakes (Niangao) and Its Key Impact Indicators. Foods 2024; 13:621. [PMID: 38397598 PMCID: PMC10888210 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to find a unique method to assess the textural properties of Niangao (glutinous rice cakes), to determine the relationship between the textural properties of rice cakes and the indicators of glutinous rice, and to identify the key indicators that significantly affect the textural properties of Niangao. The study encompassed the analysis of the chemical composition and pasting characteristics of 22 glutinous rice varieties, revealing the substantial impact of variety on lipid content, straight-chain starch content, and pasting performance. Subsequently, the textural features of the resulting Niangao were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) to derive a mathematical method for evaluating their textural attributes, with the obtained scores employed in hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) to identify 12 key textural characteristics. Further analysis using stepwise linear regression (SLR) demonstrated that the regression model incorporating final and peak viscosities of the glutinous rice significantly predicted the composite score of the Niangao's textural properties. This highlights the importance of final and peak viscosities as key indicators for assessing the textural quality of Niangao.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Lyu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (X.W.); (Y.D.); (L.Z.); (L.C.); (X.W.); (W.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Xing Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (X.W.); (Y.D.); (L.Z.); (L.C.); (X.W.); (W.D.)
| | - Yunzhuo Dang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (X.W.); (Y.D.); (L.Z.); (L.C.); (X.W.); (W.D.)
| | - Lijie Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (X.W.); (Y.D.); (L.Z.); (L.C.); (X.W.); (W.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (X.W.); (Y.D.); (L.Z.); (L.C.); (X.W.); (W.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (X.W.); (Y.D.); (L.Z.); (L.C.); (X.W.); (W.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Wenping Ding
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (X.W.); (Y.D.); (L.Z.); (L.C.); (X.W.); (W.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China
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Luo S, Zhou B, Cheng L, Huang J, Zou P, Zeng Y, Huang S, Chen T, Liu C, Wu J. Pre-fermentation of rice flour for improving the cooking quality of extruded instant rice. Food Chem 2022; 386:132757. [PMID: 35367802 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Extruded instant rice (EIR) could not maintain an intact grain morphology during cooking, which seriously affected its cooking quality. The problem was solved by pre-fermentation of rice flour for 5-10 days. Consequently, the cooking loss was significantly reduced, while the hardness, stickiness and water absorption of EIR were significantly increased. The mechanism was that the gel network of EIR was strengthened by the following ways: (1) pre-fermentation significantly increased the total starch and amylose contents of rice flour due to the dissolution or leaching of lipids, ash and soluble proteins into the fermentation broth; (2) pre-fermentation degraded the amorphous region of starch granules by enzymes and organic acids, resulting in a molecular structure with lower polydispersity index and molecular weight, and higher proportion of long- and ultra-long branched chains of amylopectin. This kind of molecular structure was conducive to the formation of ordered double helix structures and strong gel network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunjing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Bingbing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Lanlan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jingyi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Pei Zou
- Jiangxi Biological Vocational College, No. 608 Nanlian Road, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Yingying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Shijin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Chengmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jianyong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
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Nakamura S, Satoh A, Aizawa M, Ohtsubo K. Characteristics of Physicochemical Properties of Chalky Grains of Japonica Rice Generated by High Temperature during Ripening. Foods 2021; 11:foods11010097. [PMID: 35010222 PMCID: PMC8750872 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming has caused devastating damage to starch biosynthesis, which has led to the increase in chalky grains of rice. This study was conducted to characterize the qualities of chalky rice grains and to develop the estimation formulae for their quality damage degree. We evaluated the chalkiness of 40 Japonica rice samples harvested in 2019, in Japan. Seven samples with a high ratio of chalky rice grains were selected and divided into two groups (whole grain and chalky grain). As a results of the various physicochemical measurements, it was shown that the surface layer hardness (H1) of cooked rice grains from chalky grains was significantly lower, and their overall hardness was significantly lower than those from the whole grains. In addition, α- and β-amylase activities, and sugar contents of the chalky rice grains were significantly higher than those of the whole rice grains. The developed estimation formula for the degree of retrogradation of H1 based on the α-amylase activities and pasting properties, showed correlation coefficients of 0.84 and 0.81 in the calibration and validation tests, respectively. This result presents the formula that could be used to estimate and to characterize the cooking properties of the rice samples ripened under high temperature.
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YEŞİLKANAT N, SAVLAK N. Utilization of persimmon powder in gluten-free cakes and determination of their physical, chemical, functional and sensory properties. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.31020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Effects of Low-Temperature Drying with Intermittent Gaseous Chlorine Dioxide Treatment on Texture and Shelf-Life of Rice Cakes. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8030375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) under low temperature drying to suppress rice cake stickiness during the cutting process by initiating the onset of retrogradation until the stickiness is minimized for shelf-life extension. The intermittent ClO2 application at low-temperature drying was conducted at 10 °C for different drying periods (0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h). Texture analysis showed significant differences with increasing values of hardness (901.39 ± 53.87 to 12,653 ± 1689.35 g) and reduced values of modified adhesiveness (3614.37 ±578.23 to 534.81 ± 89.37 g). The evaluation of rice cake stickiness during the cutting process revealed an optimum drying period of 18 h with no significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) compared to the 24 h drying process. Microbial contamination during the drying process increased, with microbial load from 6.39 ± 0.37 to 7.94 ± 0.29 CFU/g. Intermittent ClO2 application at 22 ppm successfully reduced the microbial load by 63% during drying process. The inhibitory property of ClO2 was further analyzed on a sample with high initial microbial load (3.01 ± 0.14 CFU/g) using primary and modified secondary growth models fitted to all experimental storage temperatures (5–25 °C) with R2 values > 0.99. The model demonstrated a strong inhibition by ClO2 with microbial growth not exceeding the accepted population threshold (106 CFU/g) for toxin production. The shelf-life of rice cake was increased by 86 h and 432 h at room temperature (25 °C) and 5 °C respectively. Microbial inactivation via ClO2 treatment is a novel method for improved food storage without additional thermal sterilization or the use of an additional processing unit.
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