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Gonda S, Szűcs Z, Plaszkó T, Cziáky Z, Kiss-Szikszai A, Sinka D, Bácskay I, Vasas G. Quality-controlled LC-ESI-MS food metabolomics of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) sprouts: Insights into changes in primary and specialized metabolites. Food Res Int 2023; 164:112347. [PMID: 36737938 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is an important food and spice with bioactive compounds against diabetes. In this study, fenugreek seeds germinating in darkness for 72 h were studied using quantification of trigonelline and 4-hydroxyisoleucine and an LC-ESI-MS/MS-based metabolomic approach capable of accurately estimating 237 features from various primary and specialized compound classes. During germination, the concentrations of trigonelline and 4-hydroxyisoleucine rose by 33.5% and 33.3%, respectively. At the same time, untargeted metabolomics revealed 9 putative flavonoids increasing 1.19- to 2.77-fold compared to the dormant seeds. A set of 19 steroid saponins rose by 1.08- to 31.86-fold. Primary metabolites however showed much more variability: abundance changes in amino acid derivatives, peptides and saccharides fell in the 0.09- to 22.25-fold, 0.93- to 478.79-fold and 0.36- to 941.58-fold ranges, respectively. To increase biosynthesis of specialized metabolites during germination, sprouts were exposed to 1-100 mM methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and methyl salicylate (MeSA). The hormone treatments affected normal metabolism: 67.1-83.1 % and 64.1-83.5 % of compounds showed a reduction compared to the controls in 100 mM MeJA and MeSA treatments at different sampling time points. Contrary to expectations, the abundance of flavonoids decreased, compared to the control sprouts (0.75- and 0.68-fold change medians, respectively). The same was observed for most, but not all steroid saponins. The quality-controlled untargeted metabolomics approach proved to yield excellent insight into the metabolic changes during germination of fenugreek. The results suggest that although fenugreek germination causes major shifts in plant metabolism, there are no major qualitative changes in bioactive specialized metabolites during the first three days. This stability likely translates into good bioactivity that is similar to that of the seeds. Because the large changes in the primary metabolites likely alter the nutritive value of the seed, further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sándor Gonda
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Zsolt Szűcs
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; Healthcare Industry Institute, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Plaszkó
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Cziáky
- University of Nyíregyháza, Agricultural and Molecular Research and Service Institute, 4400 Nyíregyháza, Sóstói út 31/b, Hungary
| | - Attila Kiss-Szikszai
- University of Debrecen, Department of Organic Chemistry, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
| | - Dávid Sinka
- University of Debrecen, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, H-4032, Nagyerdei körút 98, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Bácskay
- Healthcare Industry Institute, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; University of Debrecen, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, H-4032, Nagyerdei körút 98, Hungary
| | - Gábor Vasas
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Li L, Zhang H, Wang X, He J, Gong X, Yi F. Germination period of rice beans analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography- quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF MS): effects of methyl jasmonate and metabolites profile. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2019.1669637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Huina Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P.R. China
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