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Liang P, Guo M, Wang D, Li T, Li R, Li D, Cheng S, Zhen C, Zhang L. Molecular and functional characterization of heat-shock protein 70 in Aphis gossypii under thermal and xenobiotic stresses. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 199:105774. [PMID: 38458681 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Aphis gossypii, a globally distributed and economically significant pest of several crops, is known to infest a wide range of host plants. Heat shock proteins (Hsps), acting as molecular chaperones, are essential for the insect's environmental stress responses. The present study investigated the molecular characteristics and expression patterns of AgHsp70, a heat shock protein gene, in Aphis gossypii. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that AgHsp70 shared high similarity with homologs from other insects, suggesting a conserved function across species. The developmental expression profiles of AgHsp70 in A. gossypii showed that the highest transcript levels were observed in the fourth instar nymphs, while the lowest levels were detected in the third instar nymphs. Heat stress and exposure to four different xenobiotics (2-tridecanone, tannic acid, gossypol, and flupyradifurone (4-[(2,2-difluoroethyl)amino]-2(5H)-furanone)) significantly up-regulated AgHsp70 expression. Knockdown of AgHsp70 using RNAi obviously increased the susceptibility of cotton aphids to 2-tridecanone, gossypol and flupyradifurone. Dual-luciferase reporter assays revealed that gossypol and flupyradifurone significantly enhanced the promoter activity of AgHsp70 at a concentration of 10 mg/L. Furthermore, we identified the transcription factor heat shock factor (HSF) as a regulator of AgHsp70, as silencing AgHSF reduced AgHsp70 expression. Our results shed light on the role of AgHsp70 in xenobiotic adaptation and thermo-tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingzhuo Liang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingyu Guo
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, United States
| | - Ren Li
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- The Museum of Chinese Gardens and Landscape Architecture, Beijing 100072, China
| | - Shenhang Cheng
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Congai Zhen
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Phytochemical Compound Profile and the Estimation of the Ferruginol Compound in Different Parts (Roots, Leaves, and Seeds) of Juniperus procera. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9110352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary plant metabolites and their derivatives play a significant role in human health. Ferruginol is a diterpene phenol that has recently received attention for its pharmacological properties, including antibacterial, antitumor, antimalarial, and cardioprotective effects. Recently, we detected the ferruginol compound in the leaf and seed extracts of Juniperus procera using different analytical approaches. The present work aims at detecting phytochemical compounds in a root extract of J. procera and estimating the amount of ferruginol compound in different parts of Juniperus procera. To screen the phytochemical compounds present in the root extract of J. procera, Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was performed. For ferruginol identification and estimation, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with the ferruginol reference standard and high-resolution direct analysis in real-time (DART) time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) (DART-TOF-MS) analysis were used. GC/MS analysis revealed more than 20 bioactive compounds related to secondary plant metabolites in the root extract of J. procera with biological activity. The DART-TOF-MS result showed the typical positive ion spectra of ferruginol, and the HPLC result confirmed that the root extract of J. procera contains the ferruginol compound. In contrast, the root extract of J. procera contained a significant amount of ferruginol compared to that in the leaf and seed extracts. All parts of the J. procera contained the ferruginol compound and proved that ferruginol might be accumulated in the roots, leaves, and seeds of J. procera.
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Morais FS, Canuto KM, Ribeiro PRV, Silva AB, Pessoa ODL, Freitas CDT, Bezerra EA, Gonçalves JFC, Souza DP, Sousa BF, Silva AFB, Ramos MV. Insecticidal Compound from Himatanthus drasticus Latex against Cowpea Infestation by Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:5049-5058. [PMID: 33891815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Vigna unguiculata is an important source of proteins and energy for humans and animals. However, postharvest losses caused by Callosobruchus maculatus can reach from 20 to 100% of stored seeds. In this study, the insecticide potential of compounds extracted from Himatanthus drasticus latex was assessed. The latex was extracted with ethanol (70%) and then partitioned through sequential use of hexane and chloroform. These fractions were investigated by chromatography to determine their chemical composition. Plumieride, identified in a hydroalcoholic subfraction, was tested for insecticidal activity against C. maculatus. The ethanolic fraction (LC50 = 0.109; LC90 = 0.106%) and the plumieride (LC50 = 0.166; LC90 = 0.167%) were lethal to larvae. Plumieride (0.25%) delayed larval development, and mortality reached 100%. Its inhibitory action on intestinal α-amylase from larvae was higher (89.12%) than that of acarbose (63.82%). Plumieride (0.1%) inhibited the enzyme α-amylase in vivo in the larval intestine. This result was confirmed by a zymogram test performed by SDS-PAGE when the enzyme electrophoresed on gel copolymerized with starch. When spread on seeds, the hydroalcoholic fraction (1.0%) reduced infestation. The loss of seed mass was 5.26% compared to the control (44.97%). The results confirm the effect of latex compounds in protecting stored seeds against weevil infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francimauro S Morais
- Instituto Federal de Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas (IFAM), Itacoatiara, Amazonas 69109899, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alison B Silva
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Otilia D L Pessoa
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Cleverson D T Freitas
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Alves Bezerra
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José F C Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia - INPA, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Diego P Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Brandon F Sousa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ayrles F B Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Márcio V Ramos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Antifungal activity of volatile organic compounds produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens ZX and potential biocontrol of blue mold decay on postharvest citrus. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Mishra A, Behura A, Mawatwal S, Kumar A, Naik L, Mohanty SS, Manna D, Dokania P, Mishra A, Patra SK, Dhiman R. Structure-function and application of plant lectins in disease biology and immunity. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 134:110827. [PMID: 31542433 PMCID: PMC7115788 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lectins are proteins with a high degree of stereospecificity to recognize various sugar structures and form reversible linkages upon interaction with glyco-conjugate complexes. These are abundantly found in plants, animals and many other species and are known to agglutinate various blood groups of erythrocytes. Further, due to the unique carbohydrate recognition property, lectins have been extensively used in many biological functions that make use of protein-carbohydrate recognition like detection, isolation and characterization of glycoconjugates, histochemistry of cells and tissues, tumor cell recognition and many more. In this review, we have summarized the immunomodulatory effects of plant lectins and their effects against diseases, including antimicrobial action. We found that many plant lectins mediate its microbicidal activity by triggering host immune responses that result in the release of several cytokines followed by activation of effector mechanism. Moreover, certain lectins also enhance the phagocytic activity of macrophages during microbial infections. Lectins along with heat killed microbes can act as vaccine to provide long term protection from deadly microbes. Hence, lectin based therapy can be used as a better substitute to fight microbial diseases efficiently in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abtar Mishra
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Assirbad Behura
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Shradha Mawatwal
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Lincoln Naik
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Subhashree Subhasmita Mohanty
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Debraj Manna
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Puja Dokania
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342011, India
| | - Samir K Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
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FERNANDES FRANCISCOS, GODOY WESLEYA, RAMALHO FRANCISCOS, MALAQUIAS JOSÉB, SANTOS BÁRBARAD. The behavior of Aphis gossypii and Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and of their predator Cycloneda sanguinea (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in cotton-cowpea intercropping systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 90:373-383. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820160212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Oliveira NNFC, Galvão AS, Amaral EA, Santos AWO, Sena-Filho JG, Oliveira EE, Teodoro AV. Toxicity of vegetable oils to the coconut mite Aceria guerreronis and selectivity against the predator Neoseiulus baraki. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2017; 72:23-34. [PMID: 28493037 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-017-0134-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The coconut mite, Aceria guerreronis (Acari: Eriophyidae), is a major tropical pest of coconut. Here, we assessed the chemical profiles and the potential use of babassu, degummed soybean, and coconut oils to control A. guerreronis as well as their side-effects on the predatory mite Neoseiulus baraki (Acari: Phytoseiidae), a key natural enemy of the coconut mite. Babassu and coconut oils had similar fatty acids chemical profiles. All vegetable oils showed toxicity to A. guerreronis; degummed soybean oil exhibited the highest toxicity (LC50 = 0.15 µL/cm2). Although all oils were less toxic to N. baraki, their potential to attract/repel this predatory mite differed. Whereas N. baraki females were unresponsive to coconut oil at both concentrations (i.e., LC50 and LC99 estimated for A. guerreronis), irrespective of exposure period (i.e., 1 or 24 h), the babassu oil repelled the predator, independent of exposure period, when applied at its LC99 (1.48 µL/cm2). Intriguingly, this oil also exhibited attractiveness to N. baraki 24 h after exposure when applied at its LC50 (0.26 µL/cm2). A similar attractiveness pattern was recorded 24 h after N. baraki was exposed to degummed soybean oil at both concentrations tested (LC50 = 0.15 µL/cm2; LC99 = 1.39 µL/cm2). However, N. baraki was repelled by degummed soybean oil at its LC50 after 1 h of exposure. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that all the vegetable oils used here had higher toxicity to the coconut mite and considerable selectivity to the predator N. baraki, indicating they are promising tools that can potentially be included in management programs to control A. guerreronis in commercial coconut plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália N F C Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroecologia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Tirirical, São Luís, MA, 65054-970, Brazil
| | - Andreia S Galvão
- Instituto Federal do Maranhão, Campus São Luís-Maracanã, Av. Curiós, s/n, Caixa Postal 433, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Ester A Amaral
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Tirirical, São Luís, MA, 65054-970, Brazil
| | - Auderes W O Santos
- Instituto Federal do Maranhão, Campus Barreirinhas-Santa Cruz, Barreirinhas, MA, 65590-000, Brazil
| | - José G Sena-Filho
- Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, Av. Beira mar, 3250, Aracaju, SE, 49025-040, Brazil
| | - Eugenio E Oliveira
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Adenir V Teodoro
- Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, Av. Beira mar, 3250, Aracaju, SE, 49025-040, Brazil.
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Chen J. Toxicity and Efficacy of Two Emulsifiable Concentrates of 2-Tridecanone against Red Imported Fire Ants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/ae.2016.41006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Liu XC, Liu Q, Chen XB, Zhou L, Liu ZL. Larvicidal activity of the essential oil from Tetradium glabrifolium fruits and its constituents against Aedes albopictus. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2015; 71:1582-1586. [PMID: 25504672 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In our screening programme for new agrochemicals from wild plants, the essential oil of Tetradium glabrifolium (Champ. ex Benth.) T.G. Hartley fruits was found to possess strong larvicidal activity against the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus L. The essential oil was extracted via hydrodistillation, and the constituents were determined by GC-MS analysis. The active compounds were isolated and identified by bioassay-directed fractionation. RESULTS GC-MS analyses revealed the presence of 19 components with 2-tridecanone (43.38%), 2-undecanone (24.09%), D-limonene (13.01%), caryophyllene (5.04%) and β-elemene (4.07%) being the major constituents. Bioactivity-directed chromatographic separation of the oil led to the isolation of 2-tridecanone, 2-undecanone and D-limonene as active compounds. The essential oil of T. glabrifolium exhibited larvicidal activity against the early fourth-instar larvae of A. albopictus, with an LC50 value of 8.20 µg mL(-1). The isolated constituent compounds, 2-tridecanone, 2-undecanone and D-limonene, possessed strong larvicidal activity against the early fourth-instar larvae of A. albopictus, with LC50 values of 2.86, 9.95 and 41.75 µg mL(-1) respectively. CONCLUSION The findings indicated that the essential oil of T. glabrifolium fruits and the three constituents have an excellent potential for use in control of A. albopictus larvae and could be useful in the search for newer, safer and more effective natural compounds as larvicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chao Liu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Bo Chen
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Long Liu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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Demographic comparison of sweetpotato weevil reared on a major host, Ipomoea batatas, and an alternative host, I. triloba. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11871. [PMID: 26156566 PMCID: PMC4496664 DOI: 10.1038/srep11871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we collected life table data for the sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius, grown on Ipomoea batatas and Ipomoea triloba, and analyzed them using an age-stage, two-sex life table. We also demonstrated the growth potential of C. formicarius on these two host plants by using population projection. These data will be useful to the growers to the selection or eradication of host plants in an integrated control strategy for C. formicarius for the entire area of the targeted areas. We found that C. formicarius developed faster on I. batatas than on I. triloba. The developmental times of the larval and pupal stages on I. batatas than on I. triloba were 37.01 and 8.3 days. The adult females emerged before and began to produce eggs at 42 days earlier when reared on I. batatas. The fecundity of females was 90.0 eggs on I. batatas significantly higher than the mean fecundity of 68.5 eggs on I. triloba. Although this insect has a higher intrinsic rate of increase on I. batatas, the study indicated that C. formicarius can successfully survive and reproduce on both host plants.
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Chen J, Rashid T, Feng G. Esterase in imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta and S. richteri (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): activity, kinetics and variation. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7112. [PMID: 25408118 PMCID: PMC5382690 DOI: 10.1038/srep07112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Solenopsis invicta and Solenopsis richteri are two closely related invasive ants native to South America. Despite their similarity in biology and behavior, S. invicta is a more successful invasive species. Toxic tolerance has been found to be important to the success of some invasive species. Esterases play a crucial role in toxic tolerance of insects. Hence, we hypothesized that the more invasive S. invicta would have a higher esterase activity than S. richteri. Esterase activities were measured for workers and male and female alates of both ant species using α-naphthyl acetate and β-naphthyl acetate as substrates. Esterase activities in S. invicta were always significantly higher than those in S. richteri supporting our hypothesis. In S. invicta, male alates had the highest esterase activities followed by workers then female alates for both substrates. In S. richetri, for α-naphthyl acetate, male alates had the highest activity followed by female alates then workers, while for β-naphthyl acetate, female alates had the highest activity followed by male alates then workers. For workers, S. richteri showed significantly higher levels of variation about the mean esterase activity than S. invicta. However, S. invicta showed significantly higher levels of variation in both female and male alates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- National Biological Control Laboratory, Southeast Area, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 59 Lee Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
| | - T Rashid
- Alcorn State University, Extension/Research Demonstration Farm &Technology Transfer Center, 294 Grainger Dorsey Road, Mound Bayou, MS 38762-9530, USA
| | - G Feng
- Alcorn State University, Extension/Research Demonstration Farm &Technology Transfer Center, 294 Grainger Dorsey Road, Mound Bayou, MS 38762-9530, USA
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Chen J, Rashid T, Feng G, Zhao L, Oi D, Drees BBM. Defensive chemicals of tawny crazy ants, Nylanderia fulva (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and their toxicity to red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Toxicon 2013; 76:160-6. [PMID: 24080354 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nylanderia fulva (Mayr) has been reported as being able to displace Solenopsis invicta Buren, one of the most aggressive invasive ants in the world. Like S. invicta, N. fulva use chemical secretions in their defense/offense, which may contribute to their observed superior competition ability. In this study, the defensive chemicals of N. fulva workers and their toxicity against S. invicta workers were investigated. Like other formicine ants, N. fulva workers produce formic acid in their poison glands and 2-ketones and alkanes in Dufour glands. Of these, undecane and 2-tridecanone are two principal compounds in the Dufour gland. Topical LD50 values of 2-tridecanone and undecane against S. invicta workers ranged from 18.51 to 24.67 μg/ant and 40.39 to 84.82 μg/ant, respectively. Undecane and 2-tridecanone had significantly higher contact toxicity than formic acid, whereas formic acid had significantly higher fumigation toxicity than undecane and 2-tridecanone. The combination of 2-tridecanone as a contact toxin and formic acid as a fumigant significantly decreased KT50 values when compared to those of individual compounds. N. fulva does not seem unique in terms of the chemistry of its defensive secretion as compared to other formicine ants. However, this ant contained more than two orders of magnitude of formic acid (wt/wt) than other formicine ants and one order of magnitude of 2-tridecanone than the common crazy ant, Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille). The quantity, rather than quality, of the chemical secretion may contribute to the superior competition ability of N. fulva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- National Biological Control Laboratory, Mid South Area, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 59 Lee Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA.
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Ramos MV, Araújo ES, Oliveira RSB, Teixeira FM, Pereira DA, Cavalheiro MG, Souza DP, Oliveira JS, Freitas CDTD. Latex fluids are endowed with insect repellent activity not specifically related to their proteins or volatile substances. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1677-04202011000100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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