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Dieterich A, Gaete H. Assessment of the genotoxicity of sediment elutriates from an aquatic ecosystem on Allium cepa: Limache stream in central Chile. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:243. [PMID: 33821353 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the genotoxic effects of sediment elutriates of an aquatic ecosystem. Sediment samples were taken from Limache stream, located in central Chile. The tests were carried out on sediment elutriates. Genotoxicity was determined by bioassay with Allium cepa. The percentage of germination, root growth, mitotic index, and frequency of chromosome aberrations were determined. The results show a significant increase in chromosome aberrations and decrease of the mitotic index in Allium cepa in all the sediment elutriates compared to the control. No significant differences were observed in the percentages of germination or root growth among the sediment elutriates. A negative correlation was found between the mitotic index and chromosomal aberrations. In conclusion, genotoxic variables are more sensitive than growth variables. The sediments contain chemical agents in bioavailable concentrations that produce genotoxic effects. Allium cepa test proved to be a sensitive indicator of genotoxic contaminants in sediment elutriates of the Limache stream in central Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Dieterich
- Escuela de Ingeniería en Medioambiente, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Valparaíso Av, Brasil, 2140, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Hernán Gaete
- Escuela de Ingeniería en Medioambiente, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Valparaíso Av, Brasil, 2140, Valparaíso, Chile.
- Centro de Investigación y Gestión de Recursos Naturales (CIGREN), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso Av. Gran Bretaña, 1111, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile.
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Silva MC, Matos AF, Santos HLCD, Gomes JV, Pastura DGN, Pereira GL, Rocha EBD, Larangeira MDJC, Alves RS, Bastos LDO, Borba HR, Lima VMD. Laurus nobilis L.: assessment of the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of aqueous extracts by micronucleus and Allium cepa assays. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000318302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Fadic X, Placencia F, Domínguez AM, Cereceda-Balic F. Tradescantia as a biomonitor for pesticide genotoxicity evaluation of iprodione, carbaryl, dimethoate and 4,4'-DDE. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:146-151. [PMID: 27736697 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a current tendency to develop and apply environmentally friendly techniques that meet the requirements of green analytical chemistry as an alternative to conventional analytical methods. For toxicity evaluation, these alternatives may be found in bioassays such as Tradescantia. This technique, developed in the 1980s, is highly sensitive to evaluate environmental mutagens, simple and cheap. In this paper, the sensibility of both the Tradescantia micronucleus bioassay (Trad-MCN) and the Tradescantia stamen hair bioassay (Trad-SH) were studied for carbaryl, dimethoate and iprodione, common agricultural and domestic pesticides that are currently used in Chile, which have never been tested with such bioassays. Biomonitor exposures were performed by capillary absorption for each individual pesticide over a wide range of concentrations, from maximum residue limits (trace levels) up to the application dose in agricultural fields. In addition, the organochloride 4,4'-DDE was included but only in the concentration range from 0.01mgL-1 to 1mgL-1, mimicking residue concentrations since it is not a commercial product but, rather, the main breakdown product of the persistent organochloride pesticide 4,4-DDT, whose use was discontinued in Chile in the 1980s. The Trad-MCN bioassay revealed a significant increase in micronucleus frequency at the early tetrads of meiotic pollen mother cells of the biomonitor Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea, induced by 4,4'-DDE (for 1mgL-1), dimethoate (for 40mgL-1, 200mgL-1, 400mg/L-1) and carbaryl (for 889mgL-1). Iprodione did not generate any significant change at the tested concentration. Meanwhile, the Trad-SH bioassay was carried out by analysis of the phenotype variations of the stamen hair cells of the Tradescantia clone KU-20 for the same pesticides and doses. This bioassay was not sufficiently sensitive for toxicity evaluation of most of the pesticides tested, with exception of dimethoate in low doses (2 and 5mg/L-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Fadic
- Centro de Tecnologías Ambientales (CETAM), Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María (UTFSM), Av. España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Fabián Placencia
- Centro de Tecnologías Ambientales (CETAM), Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María (UTFSM), Av. España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile; Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Ana María Domínguez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Francisco Cereceda-Balic
- Centro de Tecnologías Ambientales (CETAM), Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María (UTFSM), Av. España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile; Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile.
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Li X, He X, Dong Y, Jia L, Lv Y. Photolysis-ion chromatographic determination of N-nitrosodiethylamine. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND SAFETY OF CROPS & FOODS 2017. [DOI: 10.3920/qas2015.0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X.L. Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China P.R
| | - X.L. He
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China P.R
| | - Y.Z. Dong
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China P.R
| | - L.R. Jia
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China P.R
| | - Y.P. Lv
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China P.R
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Li X, He X, Dong Y, Jia L, He Q. Analysis of N -nitrosodiethylamine by ion chromatography coupled with UV photolysis pretreatment. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 24:311-315. [PMID: 28911584 PMCID: PMC9339556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Sumitha KV, Thoppil JE. Genotoxicity assessment of two common curing weeds: Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poir. and Leucas indica (L.) R. Br. Cytotechnology 2015; 68:1513-27. [PMID: 26286182 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-015-9911-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyptis suaveolens and Leucas indica, two common weeds were selected for the present study, to reveal their probable cytotoxic potential. The meristematic root tips of Allium cepa were used for testing the cytotoxic property of the aqueous leaf extracts containing both polar and non-polar compounds, and that containing polar compounds alone, at different concentrations (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 %) and at different time durations, using distilled water as negative control. Mitotic squash preparations were made using a standard protocol. The mitotic index of the treated root tip cells was found to be decreasing and the abnormality percentage was found to be increasing with increase in extract concentration when compared with the control. Maximum cytotoxicity was observed in the extract containing both polar and non-polar compounds. Both the tested plants were found to be cytotoxic. The abnormalities noticed were of both clastogenic (nuclear lesions, nuclear fragmentation, etc.) and non-clastogenic (aberrant cell wall formation at cytokinesis, ball metaphase, etc.) types. Both plant extracts were found to significantly (P < 0.05) inhibit root growth of Allium cepa with an EC50 value of 1.92 % (R(2) = 0.594) for Hyptis and 1.58 % (R(2) = 0.757) for Leucas. The results were also analysed statistically by using analysis of variance followed by appropriate post hoc tests. These two weeds are aromatic plants comprising of essential oils that are volatile, natural complex compounds characterized by a strong odour and formed as secondary metabolites. In nature, essential oils play an important role in the protection of the plants as insecticides by reducing their appetite for such plants. When specifically targeted the concept of effectively exploiting these weeds for the formulation of herbal insecticides/pesticides may be possible in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Sumitha
- Cell and Molecular Biology Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala, 673635, India.
| | - J E Thoppil
- Cell and Molecular Biology Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala, 673635, India
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Rodríguez YA, Christofoletti CA, Pedro J, Bueno OC, Malaspina O, Ferreira RAC, Fontanetti CS. Allium cepa and Tradescantia pallida bioassays to evaluate effects of the insecticide imidacloprid. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 120:438-442. [PMID: 25225953 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of pesticides has become a serious environmental concern. Of them, imidacloprid (IMI) is one of the most widely used worldwide. In 2010 in Brazil, 1.934 tonnes of IMI were sold and mainly used for sugarcane crops. Several studies have examined the toxicity of IMI as well as its possible ecological effects. However, few studies have examined its toxicity at the genetic level. This is one of the biggest challenges for the scientific community, which is concerned about the impacts of these contaminants on the environment and human health. In this study, we evaluated the effects of IMI above the genetic material in Allium cepa and Tradescantia pallida following exposure to different concentrations of this insecticide. The results demonstrated that the concentrations tested induced chromosomal alterations and increased the frequency of micronuclei. Therefore, IMI in these concentrations was genotoxic to the tested organisms. These factors should be taken into account when applying this pesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadira Ansoar Rodríguez
- UNESP - São Paulo State University, Rio Claro Campus, Av. 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Cintya Ap Christofoletti
- UNIARARAS - Hermínio Ometto Foundation, Av. Dr. João Maximiliano Baruto, 500, Jd. Universitário, Araras, São Paulo 13607-339, Brazil
| | - Janaína Pedro
- UNESP - São Paulo State University, Rio Claro Campus, Av. 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Odair Correa Bueno
- UNESP/CEIS - Centre for the Study of Social Insects, Rio Claro Campus, Av. 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- UNESP/CEIS - Centre for the Study of Social Insects, Rio Claro Campus, Av. 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Alexandre Costa Ferreira
- UNESP/CEIS - Centre for the Study of Social Insects, Rio Claro Campus, Av. 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Carmem S Fontanetti
- UNESP - São Paulo State University, Rio Claro Campus, Av. 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil.
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Tan JBL, Yap WJ, Tan SY, Lim YY, Lee SM. Antioxidant Content, Antioxidant Activity, and Antibacterial Activity of Five Plants from the Commelinaceae Family. Antioxidants (Basel) 2014; 3:758-69. [PMID: 26785239 PMCID: PMC4665499 DOI: 10.3390/antiox3040758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Commelinaceae is a family of herbaceous flowering plants with many species used in ethnobotany, particularly in South America. However, thus far reports of their bioactivity are few and far between. The primary aim of this study was to quantify the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of five Commelinaceae methanolic leaf extracts. The antioxidant content was evaluated by the total phenolic content (TPC), total tannin content (TTC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) assays. The antioxidant activities measured were DPPH free radical scavenging (FRS), ferric reducing power (FRP), and ferrous ion chelating (FIC); of the five plants, the methanolic leaf extract of Tradescantia zebrina showed the highest antioxidant content and activity, and exhibited antibacterial activity against six species of Gram-positive and two species of Gram-negative bacteria in a range of 5-10 mg/mL based on the broth microdilution method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joash Ban Lee Tan
- School of Science, Monash University Sunway Campus, Bandar Sunway 46150, Malaysia.
| | - Wei Jin Yap
- School of Science, Monash University Sunway Campus, Bandar Sunway 46150, Malaysia.
| | - Shen Yeng Tan
- School of Science, Monash University Sunway Campus, Bandar Sunway 46150, Malaysia.
| | - Yau Yan Lim
- School of Science, Monash University Sunway Campus, Bandar Sunway 46150, Malaysia.
| | - Sui Mae Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Sunway Campus, Bandar Sunway 46150, Malaysia.
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Ramos de Rainho C, Machado Corrêa S, Luiz Mazzei J, Alessandra Fortes Aiub C, Felzenszwalb I. Genotoxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitro-derived in respirable airborne particulate matter collected from urban areas of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:765352. [PMID: 23738331 PMCID: PMC3659438 DOI: 10.1155/2013/765352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution toxic effects are mainly attributed to small inhalable particulates with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 µ m (PM 2.5). Our objective was to investigate mutagenic and clastogenic activity in PM samples collected in Rio de Janeiro. Samples were collected using a high-volume sampler at three sites: with low traffic and (2) and (3) with a heavy traffic. Six polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and the derivative strains YG1021 and YG1024 were used in mutagenicity assays in the presence of organic extracts (10-50 µ g/ plate) with and without exogenous metabolization. Allium cepa test was performed to evaluate possible cytotoxic and clastogenic activities. The highest PM 2.5 µ m (132.73 µ m/m(3)) and PAH values (1.22 ng/m(3) for benzo(a)pyrene) were detected at site 3. High mutagenic frameshift responses in absence and presence of metabolic activation were detected at site 3. The participation of nitroarenes and dinitroarenes was detected in the total mutagenicity of the extracts studied. The cytotoxic effect and the abnormalities detected by Allium cepa test can be attributed to the PAH nitroderivatives in the organic extracts. Evaluation of the genotoxicity of urban airborne particulate matter is important as a basis for decision making by regulatory authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ramos de Rainho
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Laboratório de Mutagênese Ambiental, 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Machado Corrêa
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Química Ambiental, 27537-000 Resende, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Mazzei
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Farmanguinhos Plataforma de Métodos Analíticos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia Alessandra Fortes Aiub
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto Biomédico, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Genotoxicidade, 20211-040 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Israel Felzenszwalb
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Laboratório de Mutagênese Ambiental, 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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