1
|
Cruz-Alegría IY, Santos-Hernández NG, Ruiz-Castillejos C, Ruan-Soto JF, Moreno-Rodríguez A, Flores-Villegas AL, Gutiérrez-Jiménez J, Hernández-Mijangos LA, Espinoza-Medinilla EE, Vidal-López DG, De Fuentes-Vicente JA. Ecoepidemiology of Chagas Disease in a Biological Corridor in Southeastern Mexico: A Promising Approach to Understand the Risk of Chagas Disease. J Parasitol Res 2024; 2024:4775361. [PMID: 38495541 PMCID: PMC10942820 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4775361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Ecoepidemiology is an emerging field that attempts to explain how biotic, environmental, and even social factors influence the dynamics of infectious diseases. Particularly in vector-borne diseases, the study under this approach offers us an overview of the pathogens, vectors, and hosts that coexist in a given region and their ecological determinants. As a result of this, risk predictions can be established in a changing environment and how it may impact human populations. This paper is aimed at evaluating some ecoepidemiological characteristics of Chagas disease in a natural reserve in southeastern Mexico that borders human settlements. We carry out a cross-sectional study in 2022 where we search insects manually and with light traps. We set traps for small mammals and bats and conducted interviews with the inhabitants living around the study site. We identified the presence of Triatoma dimidiata and T. huehuetenanguensis species with a percentage of TcI T. cruzi infection of 68.4% (95% CI: 66.9-69.9). Temperature and humidity were not determining factors for the probability of insect capture. Of the 108 wild mammals (Chiroptera, Rodentia, and Didelphimorphia), none was infected with T. cruzi. Knowledge about Chagas disease in nearby inhabitants is poor, and some characteristics were found on the periphery of dwellings that could offer a refuge for insect vectors. With this information, surveillance strategies can be generated in the study area that reduce the risk of transmission of T. cruzi parasite to humans, and it is expected to motivate the use of this field in future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Yazmin Cruz-Alegría
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | | | - Christian Ruiz-Castillejos
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Juan Felipe Ruan-Soto
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | | | | | - Javier Gutiérrez-Jiménez
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cascardo P, Pucu E, Leles D. REVIEW OF PARASITES FOUND IN EXTINCT ANIMALS: WHAT CAN BE REVEALED. J Parasitol 2021; 107:275-283. [PMID: 33844838 DOI: 10.1645/20-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitism is inherent to life and observed in all species. Extinct animals have been studied to understand what they looked like, where and how they lived, what they fed on, and the reasons they became extinct. Paleoparasitology helps to clarify these questions based on the study of the parasites and microorganisms that infected those animals, using as a source material coprolites, fossils in rock, tissue, bone, mummy, and amber, analyses of ancient DNA, immunodiagnosis, and microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Cascardo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Parasitos, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 21041-210, Brazil
| | - Elisa Pucu
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Parasitos, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 21041-210, Brazil
| | - Daniela Leles
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Parasitos, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 21041-210, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dietrich R, Alberca L, Ruiz M, Palestro P, Carrillo C, Talevi A, Gavernet L. Identification of cisapride as new inhibitor of putrescine uptake in Trypanosoma cruzi by combined ligand- and structure-based virtual screening. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 149:22-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
4
|
Morrow JJ, Reinhard KJ. Assessing the Archaeoparasitological Potential of Quids As a Source Material for Immunodiagnostic Analyses. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2016; 54:605-616. [PMID: 27853117 PMCID: PMC5127539 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2016.54.5.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, quids from La Cueva de los Muertos Chiquitos (CMC) were subjected to ELISA tests for 2 protozoan parasites, Toxoplasma gondii (n=45) and Trypanosoma cruzi (n=43). The people who occupied CMC, the Loma San Gabriel, lived throughout much of present-day Durango and Zacatecas in Mexico. The known pathoecology of these people puts them into at-risk categories for the transmission of T. gondii and T. cruzi. Human antibodies created in response to these 2 parasites can be detected in modern saliva using ELISA kits intended for use with human serum. For these reasons, quids were reconstituted and subjected to ELISA testing. All test wells yielded negative results. These results could be a factor of improper methods because there is no precedence for this work in the existing literature. The results could equally be a simple matter of parasite absence among those people who occupied CMC. A final consideration is the taphonomy of human antibodies and whether or not ELISA is a sufficient method for recovering antibodies from archaeological contexts. An additional ELISA test targeting secretory IgA (sIgA) was conducted to further examine the failure to detect parasite-induced antibodies from quids. Herein, the methods used for quid preparation and ELISA procedures are described so that they can be further developed by future researchers. The results are discussed in light of the potential future of quid analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johnica J Morrow
- Pathoecology Laboratory, School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 3310 Holdrege Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0962, USA
| | - Karl J Reinhard
- Pathoecology Laboratory, School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 3310 Holdrege Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0962, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Darling MI, Donoghue HD. Insights from paleomicrobiology into the indigenous peoples of pre-colonial America - a review. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2016; 109:131-9. [PMID: 24714964 PMCID: PMC4015261 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276140589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review investigates ancient infectious diseases in the Americas dated to the
pre-colonial period and considers what these findings can tell us about the history
of the indigenous peoples of the Americas. It gives an overview, but focuses on four
microbial pathogens from this period: Helicobacter pylori,
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Trypanosoma cruzi
and Coccidioides immitis, which cause stomach ulceration and gastric
cancer, tuberculosis, Chagas disease and valley fever, respectively. These pathogens
were selected as H. pylori can give insight into ancient human
migrations into the Americas, M. tuberculosis is associated with
population density and urban development, T. cruzi can elucidate
human living conditions and C. immitis can indicate agricultural
development. A range of methods are used to diagnose infectious disease in ancient
human remains, with DNA analysis by polymerase chain reaction one of the most
reliable, provided strict precautions are taken against cross contamination. The
review concludes with a brief summary of the changes that took place after European
exploration and colonisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Millie I Darling
- Division of Biosciences, Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Helen D Donoghue
- Division of Biosciences, Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Parasite finds in ancient material launched a new field of science: palaeoparasitology. Ever since the pioneering studies, parasites were identified in archaeological and palaeontological remains, some preserved for millions of years by fossilization. However, the palaeoparasitological record consists mainly of parasites found specifically in human archaeological material, preserved in ancient occupation sites, from prehistory until closer to 2015. The results include some helminth intestinal parasites still commonly found in 2015, such as Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworms, besides others such as Amoebidae and Giardia intestinalis, as well as viruses, bacteria, fungi and arthropods. These parasites as a whole provide important data on health, diet, climate and living conditions among ancient populations. This chapter describes the principal findings and their importance for knowledge on the origin and dispersal of infectious diseases.
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
The ancestor of Trypanosome cruzi was probably introduced to South American via bats approximately 7-10 million years ago. When the first humans arrived in the New World, a sylvatic cycle of Chagas disease was then already well established. Paleoparasitological data suggests that human American trypanosomiasis originated in the Andean area when people founded the first settlements in the coastal region of the Atacama Desert. Identification of T. cruzi as the etiological agent and triatome bugs as the transmission vector of Chagas disease occurred within a few years at the beginning of the 20th century. History also teaches us that human activity leading to environmental changes, in particular deforestation, is the main cause for the spread of Chagas disease. Recently, migration of T. cruzi-infected patients has led to a distribution of Chagas disease from Latin America to non-endemic countries in Europe, North America and western Pacific region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Steverding
- BioMedical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Frías L, Leles D, Araújo A. Studies on protozoa in ancient remains--a review. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2013; 108:1-12. [PMID: 23440107 PMCID: PMC3974329 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762013000100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Paleoparasitological research has made important contributions to the understanding of parasite evolution and ecology. Although parasitic protozoa exhibit a worldwide distribution, recovering these organisms from an archaeological context is still exceptional and relies on the availability and distribution of evidence, the ecology of infectious diseases and adequate detection techniques. Here, we present a review of the findings related to protozoa in ancient remains, with an emphasis on their geographical distribution in the past and the methodologies used for their retrieval. The development of more sensitive detection methods has increased the number of identified parasitic species, promising interesting insights from research in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Frías
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kellner AW. Vegetation replacement in Rio de Janeiro during the last 7,000 years B.C., genetic variation in the medicinal plant Lippia alba (Verbenaceae), and short review of Chagas disease in prehistory. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2011; 83:761-2. [DOI: 10.1590/s0001-37652011000300001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|