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Abbasi N, Lee RSB, Ivanovski S, Love RM, Hamlet S. In vivo bone regeneration assessment of offset and gradient melt electrowritten (MEW) PCL scaffolds. Biomater Res 2020; 24:17. [PMID: 33014414 PMCID: PMC7529514 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-020-00196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomaterial-based bone tissue engineering represents a promising solution to overcome reduced residual bone volume. It has been previously demonstrated that gradient and offset architectures of three-dimensional melt electrowritten poly-caprolactone (PCL) scaffolds could successfully direct osteoblast cells differentiation toward an osteogenic lineage, resulting in mineralization. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the in vivo osteoconductive capacity of PCL scaffolds with these different architectures. METHODS Five different calcium phosphate (CaP) coated melt electrowritten PCL pore sized scaffolds: 250 μm and 500 μm, 500 μm with 50% fibre offset (offset.50.50), tri layer gradient 250-500-750 μm (grad.250top) and 750-500-250 μm (grad.750top) were implanted into rodent critical-sized calvarial defects. Empty defects were used as a control. After 4 and 8 weeks of healing, the new bone was assessed by micro-computed tomography and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Significantly more newly formed bone was shown in the grad.250top scaffold 8 weeks post-implantation. Histological investigation also showed that soft tissue was replaced with newly formed bone and fully covered the grad.250top scaffold. While, the bone healing did not happen completely in the 250 μm, offset.50.50 scaffolds and blank calvaria defects following 8 weeks of implantation. Immunohistochemical analysis showed the expression of osteogenic markers was present in all scaffold groups at both time points. The mineralization marker Osteocalcin was detected with the highest intensity in the grad.250top and 500 μm scaffolds. Moreover, the expression of the endothelial markers showed that robust angiogenesis was involved in the repair process. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the gradient pore size structure provides superior conditions for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Abbasi
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland 4215 Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland 4215 Australia
| | - Ryan S. B. Lee
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland 4215 Australia
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Herston Campus, Herston, Queensland 4006 Australia
| | - Saso Ivanovski
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Herston Campus, Herston, Queensland 4006 Australia
| | - Robert M. Love
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland 4215 Australia
| | - Stephen Hamlet
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland 4215 Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland 4215 Australia
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Gradients in pore size enhance the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells in three-dimensional scaffolds. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22898. [PMID: 26961859 PMCID: PMC4790631 DOI: 10.1038/srep22898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small fractures in bone tissue can heal by themselves, but in case of larger defects current therapies are not completely successful due to several drawbacks. A possible strategy relies on the combination of additive manufactured polymeric scaffolds and human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). The architecture of bone tissue is characterized by a structural gradient. Long bones display a structural gradient in the radial direction, while flat bones in the axial direction. Such gradient presents a variation in bone density from the cancellous bone to the cortical bone. Therefore, scaffolds presenting a gradient in porosity could be ideal candidates to improve bone tissue regeneration. In this study, we present a construct with a discrete gradient in pore size and characterize its ability to further support the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Furthermore, we studied the behaviour of hMSCs within the different compartments of the gradient scaffolds, showing a correlation between osteogenic differentiation and ECM mineralization, and pore dimensions. Alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium content increased with increasing pore dimensions. Our results indicate that designing structural porosity gradients may be an appealing strategy to support gradual osteogenic differentiation of adult stem cells.
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Theodorou GS, Kontonasaki E, Theocharidou A, Bakopoulou A, Bousnaki M, Hadjichristou C, Papachristou E, Papadopoulou L, Kantiranis NA, Chrissafis K, Paraskevopoulos KM, Koidis PT. Sol-Gel Derived Mg-Based Ceramic Scaffolds Doped with Zinc or Copper Ions: Preliminary Results on Their Synthesis, Characterization, and Biocompatibility. Int J Biomater 2016; 2016:3858301. [PMID: 26981124 PMCID: PMC4769780 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3858301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glass-ceramic scaffolds containing Mg have shown recently the potential to enhance the proliferation, differentiation, and biomineralization of stem cells in vitro, property that makes them promising candidates for dental tissue regeneration. An additional property of a scaffold aimed at dental tissue regeneration is to protect the regeneration process against oral bacteria penetration. In this respect, novel bioactive scaffolds containing Mg(2+) and Cu(2+) or Zn(2+), ions known for their antimicrobial properties, were synthesized by the foam replica technique and tested regarding their bioactive response in SBF, mechanical properties, degradation, and porosity. Finally their ability to support the attachment and long-term proliferation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) was also evaluated. The results showed that conversely to their bioactive response in SBF solution, Zn-doped scaffolds proved to respond adequately regarding their mechanical strength and to be efficient regarding their biological response, in comparison to Cu-doped scaffolds, which makes them promising candidates for targeted dental stem cell odontogenic differentiation and calcified dental tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios S. Theodorou
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleana Kontonasaki
- Dentistry Department, Laboratory of Fixed Prosthesis and Implant Prosthodontics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna Theocharidou
- Dentistry Department, Laboratory of Fixed Prosthesis and Implant Prosthodontics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athina Bakopoulou
- Dentistry Department, Laboratory of Fixed Prosthesis and Implant Prosthodontics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Bousnaki
- Dentistry Department, Laboratory of Fixed Prosthesis and Implant Prosthodontics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christina Hadjichristou
- Dentistry Department, Laboratory of Fixed Prosthesis and Implant Prosthodontics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Papachristou
- Dentistry Department, Laboratory of Fixed Prosthesis and Implant Prosthodontics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lambrini Papadopoulou
- Department of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Petros T. Koidis
- Dentistry Department, Laboratory of Fixed Prosthesis and Implant Prosthodontics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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