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Shahzad A, Ullah MW, Ali J, Aziz K, Javed MA, Shi Z, Manan S, Ul-Islam M, Nazar M, Yang G. The versatility of nanocellulose, modification strategies, and its current progress in wastewater treatment and environmental remediation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159937. [PMID: 36343829 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Deterioration in the environmental ecosystems through the depletion of nonrenewable resources and the burden of deleterious contaminants is considered a global concern. To this end, great interest has been shown in the use of renewable and environmentally-friendly reactive materials dually to promote environmental sustainability and cope with harmful contaminants. Among the different available options, the use of nanocellulose (NC) as an environmentally benign and renewable natural nanomaterial is an attractive candidate for environmental remediation owing to its miraculous physicochemical characteristics. This review discusses the intrinsic properties and the structural aspects of different types of NC, including cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), and bacterial cellulose (BC) or bacterial nanocellulose (BNC). Also, the different modification strategies involving the functionalization or hybridization of NC by using different functional and reactive materials aimed at wastewater remediation have been elaborated. The modified or hybridized NC has been explored for its applications in the removal or degradation of aquatic contaminants through adsorption, filtration, coagulation, catalysis, photocatalysis, and pollutant sensing. This review highlights the role of NC in the modified composites and describes the underlying mechanisms involved in the removal of contaminants. The life-cycle assessment (LCA) of NC is discussed to unveil the hidden risks associated with its production to the final disposal. Moreover, the contribution of NC in the promotion of waste management at different stages has been described in the form of the five-Rs strategy. In summary, this review provides rational insights to develop NC-based environmentally-friendly reactive materials for the removal and degradation of hazardous aquatic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajmal Shahzad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Muhammad Wajid Ullah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China; Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Jawad Ali
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Technology and Business University, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Kazim Aziz
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Javed
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zhijun Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Sehrish Manan
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Mazhar Ul-Islam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dhofar University, Salalah 211, Oman
| | - Mudasir Nazar
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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Amperometric Biosensor Based on Laccase Enzyme, Gold Nanoparticles, and Glutaraldehyde for the Determination of Dopamine in Biological and Environmental Samples. Mol Vis 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/c8030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work reports the development and application of an amperometric biosensor based on carbon paste electrode modified with laccase enzyme, glutaraldehyde, and gold nanoparticles (Lac-Glu-AuNPs/CPE) for the determination of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA). The materials were characterized morphologically and chemically using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and cyclic voltammetry. Optimization studies were performed in order to determine the optimal amount of enzyme and pH level that can yield the best conditions of analysis. The application of the biosensor in optimal conditions using the amperometric technique yielded a linear concentration range of 8.0 × 10−7–6.2 × 10−5 mol L−1 with a limit of detection of 6.0 × 10−8 mol L−1. The proposed biosensor was successfully applied for the determination of DA in biological and environmental samples. In addition, the application of the biosensor for the conduct of electrochemical measurements showed that the sensing device has good repeatability and stability, and it does not suffer from matrix interference effects. The proposed biosensor exhibited an analytical signal of 85% after 10 days of consecutive use.
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Vidovix TB, Januário EFD, Bergamasco R, Vieira AMS. Bisfenol A adsorption using a low-cost adsorbent prepared from residues of babassu coconut peels. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:2372-2384. [PMID: 31801431 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1701568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the occurrence of microcontaminants in water resources has become a worldwide concern. Among them, it can be mentioned Bisphenol A, a substance widely used in the chemical composition of plastic such as manufacture of packages, bottles, toiletries, among others. Its use may cause adverse effects on human health and the environment. Thus, a treatment is necessary to remove this compound and adsorption is an interesting alternative due to its low cost, operation and high efficiency. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the adsorption capacity of bisphenol in babassu activated carbon. The obtained results were satisfactory and the best experimental conditions were at 318 K temperature, 1 g L-1 adsorbent concentration and 720 min equilibrium time, resulting in the maximum adsorptive capacity of 49.61 mg g-1. The experimental data fit best with the pseudo-second order and Langmuir models for the kinetic and equilibrium studies, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters indicated endothermic, spontaneous and reversible process. The main adsorption mechanisms were hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions. In addition, the material regeneration study allowed to verify its possibility of reuse. Therefore, it was noticed that babassu activated carbon has high potential applicability in the treatment of contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rosângela Bergamasco
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
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Krebs Ribeiro DC, Passoni MT, Meldola H, Curi TZ, da Silva GN, Tolouei SEL, Hey GS, Grechi N, dos Santos AC, Souza RIC, Spercoski KM, Ramos ATDA, Martino-Andrade AJ. Prenatal diclofenac exposure delays pubertal development and induces behavioral changes in rats. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 96:380-389. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Milošević N, Milanović M, Sudji J, Bosić Živanović D, Stojanoski S, Vuković B, Milić N, Medić Stojanoska M. Could phthalates exposure contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome and liver disease in humans? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:772-784. [PMID: 31808097 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06831-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In the study, 305 patients of both genders were enrolled and divided into three groups: obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2), patients who were diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and control, normal weight healthy volunteers. At least one of ten different phthalate metabolites was determined in the urine samples of 49.84% all enrolled participants. In the obese subgroup, the sum of all urinary phthalate metabolites was positively associated with TG levels (p = 0.031) together with derived TC/HDL and TG/HDL ratios (p = 0.023 and 0.015), respectively. Urinary MEP concentration was positively correlated with the HOMA-IR in T2DM subgroup (p = 0.016) while in the control subgroup, log10MEP levels were negatively correlated with total cholesterol (p = 0.0051), and LDL serum levels (p = 0.0015), respectively. Also, in the control subgroup, positive linear correlations between urinary log10MEP levels and TyG and TYG-BMI values (p = 0.028 and p = 0.027), respectively, were determined. Urinary MEHP levels were associated with glucose serum levels (p = 0.02) in T2DM subgroup, while in the control HDL values were negatively associated with log10MEHP (p = 0.0035). Healthy volunteers exposed to phthalates had elevated AST levels in comparison to non-exposed ones (p = 0.023). In control subgroup, ALT and AST values were increased (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01, respectively) in MEP exposed while GGT levels were enhanced (p = 0.017) in MEHP exposed in comparison with non-exposed. Combined phthalates influence on glucose and lipid metabolism may increase the possibility for NAFLD and insulin resistance development among exposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Milošević
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Maja Milanović
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia.
| | - Jan Sudji
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | | | - Stefan Stojanoski
- Faculty of Medicine, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, University of Novi Sad, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
| | - Bojan Vuković
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nataša Milić
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Milica Medić Stojanoska
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Silva AMC, Campos PHN, Mattos IE, Hajat S, Lacerda EM, Ferreira MJM. Environmental Exposure to Pesticides and Breast Cancer in a Region of Intensive Agribusiness Activity in Brazil: A Case-Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16203951. [PMID: 31627286 PMCID: PMC6843507 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16203951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is a serious public health problem and is the second most prevalent cancer type in the world. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the association between pesticide use and breast cancer in a region of intense agribusiness activity in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on women living in the city of Rondonópolis, in the south of Mato Grosso state. There were 85 cases of women with confirmed breast cancer and 266 controls who were randomly selected from primary health care users. Bivariate and stratified analyses were performed. Multiple logistic regression was then performed, keeping in the final model the factors with a significance level lower than or equal to 0.05 or considered important according to apriori biological criteria. Results: In the final model, living near cropland with pesticides (OR: 2.37; CI: 95% 1.78–3.16) and women aged over 50 years who experienced early menarche (OR: 2.08; CI: 95% 1.06–4.12) had a higher risk of developing breast cancer compared to control subjects. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of exposure to pesticides as an environmental risk factor for the development of breast cancer among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ageo M C Silva
- Post Graduated Program of Environment and Health, Cuiaba University, Cuiabá 78065900, Brazil.
| | - Paulo H N Campos
- Post Graduated Program of Environment and Health, Cuiaba University, Cuiabá 78065900, Brazil.
| | - Inês E Mattos
- National School of Public Health, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil.
| | - Shakoor Hajat
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK.
| | - Eliana M Lacerda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK.
| | - Marcelo J M Ferreira
- Post Graduated Program of Public Health, Medicine School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-140, Brazil.
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Santos-Silva AP, Andrade MN, Pereira-Rodrigues P, Paiva-Melo FD, Soares P, Graceli JB, Dias GRM, Ferreira ACF, de Carvalho DP, Miranda-Alves L. Frontiers in endocrine disruption: Impacts of organotin on the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 460:246-257. [PMID: 28774778 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors (EDs), chemical substances widely used in industry and ubiquitously distributed in the environment, are able to interfere with the synthesis, release, transport, metabolism, receptor binding, action, or elimination of endogenous hormones. EDs affect homeostasis mainly by acting on nuclear and nonnuclear steroid receptors but also on serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine and orphan receptors in addition to thyroid hormone receptors. Tributyltin (TBT), an ED widely used as a pesticide and biocide in antifouling paints, has well-documented actions that include inhibiting aromatase and affecting the nuclear receptors PPARγ and RXR. TBT exposure in humans and experimental models has been shown to mainly affect reproductive function and adipocyte differentiation. Since thyroid hormones play a fundamental role in regulating the basal metabolic rate and energy homeostasis, it is crucial to clarify the effects of TBT on the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis. Therefore, we review herein the main effects of TBT on important metabolic pathways, with emphasis on disruption of the thyroid axis that could contribute to the development of endocrine and metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Santos-Silva
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelle Novaes Andrade
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Pereira-Rodrigues
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francisca Diana Paiva-Melo
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Soares
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP) - Cancer Signalling & Metabolism, Porto, Portugal; Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology and Oncology, Medical Faculty of Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Glaecir Roseni Mundstock Dias
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea Claudia Freitas Ferreira
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Polo de Xerém/NUMPEX, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Denise Pires de Carvalho
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro Miranda-Alves
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Rigotto RM, Silva AMCD, Ferreira MJM, Rosa IF, Aguiar ACP. Trends of chronic health effects associated to pesticide use in fruit farming regions in the state of Ceará, Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2013; 16:763-73. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-790x2013000300019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The lower valley of Jaguaribe has registered, since the XXI century, the arrival of transnational and regional companies, which led to deep transformations in this region. The increased use of the pesticides is one of the most important ones, being able to cause alterations in human procreation and leading to congenital deformations, besides premature birth and low weight newborns. This article is an ecological study related to the period from 2000 to 2010 in the population of some cities in the state of Ceará, and it was divided in two parts: the first one, a draft of historical series of morbidity and mortality databases and trend verification performed by a simple linear regression; the second one comprehends the calculation of the ratio of rates between cities that are highly exposed to pestiides and the cities selected for comparison, with history of little use of these substances. There was statistically considerable growth tendency (p = 0.026) in the number of hospitalized people with neoplasms. Analyzing the ratios of the rates in these same indicators, it is observed that the rates of hospitalized people with neoplasms were 1.76 times higher in the studied cities than in control cities (p < 0.0010). With regard to to fetal deaths, a statistically considerable increase was observed (p < 0.05) as to the mortality rates in the studied cities. Results suggest there was higher morbidity and mortality caused by neoplasms in the cities with broader use of pesticides, which could be influenced by production, environmental and social transformations associated to the process of deterritorialization induced by the expansion of the agricultural modernization over the morbidity and mortality profile of the population of lower Jaguaribe. This process is a reflex of the production chemical-dependent model adopted by the agribusiness companies, expanding the vulnerability of the country side population.
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Bastos AMX, Souza MDCBD, Almeida Filho GLD, Krauss TM, Pavesi T, Silva LED. Organochlorine compound levels in fertile and infertile women from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 57:346-53. [DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302013000500003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was quantify organochlorine compounds in women seeking for infertility treatment (n = 15) and in spontaneously pregnant ones (n = 21). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire was applied regarding lifestyle, occupational and reproductive history. Blood samples were collected from both groups. RESULTS: From the pesticides studied, pp'DDE was detected in 100% of infertile women, at higher mean levels than in pregnant women (3.02 mcg/L vs. 0.88 mcg/L; p = 0.001; power of 69%), without correlation with the etiology of infertility. Levels of the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were low, with positive samples in 100% in the infertile women for PCBs 138, 153, 180, while in pregnant women, they were 85.7% for congeners 138 and 153. Only PCB180 showed significance, with frequency of 71.4% (p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: The risk factors for female infertility were: age, consumption of untreated water and of canned foods. Exposure to the most prevalent organochlorine compounds described in literature was confirmed in the study, indicating that pp'DDE may adversely influence female fertility.
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Bachega TASS, Verreschi IT, Frade EMC, D'Abronzo FH, Lazaretti-Castro M. [The environmental endocrine disruptors must receive the attention of Brazilian endocrinologists]. ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE ENDOCRINOLOGIA E METABOLOGIA 2011; 55:175-176. [PMID: 21584436 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302011000200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Dinsdale EC, Ward WE. Early exposure to soy isoflavones and effects on reproductive health: a review of human and animal studies. Nutrients 2010; 2:1156-87. [PMID: 22254003 PMCID: PMC3257624 DOI: 10.3390/nu2111156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Soy isoflavones are phytoestrogens with potential hormonal activity due to their similar chemical structure to 17-β-estradiol. The increasing availability of soy isoflavones throughout the food supply and through use of supplements has prompted extensive research on biological benefits to humans in chronic disease prevention and health maintenance. While much of this research has focused on adult populations, infants fed soy protein based infant formulas are exposed to substantial levels of soy isoflavones, even when compared to adult populations that consume a higher quantity of soy-based foods. Infant exposure, through soy formula, primarily occurs from birth to one year of life, a stage of development that is particularly sensitive to dietary and environmental compounds. This has led investigators to study the potential hormonal effects of soy isoflavones on later reproductive health outcomes. Such studies have included minimal human data with the large majority of studies using animal models. This review discusses key aspects of the current human and animal studies and identifies critical areas to be investigated as there is no clear consensus in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa C Dinsdale
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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