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High Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and C Virus Infections among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Borumeda General Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1395238. [PMID: 36072475 PMCID: PMC9441365 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1395238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Viral hepatitis are considered as the cause of solemn health problem for the human kind, particularly among pregnant women in the 21th century. Therefore, this study is aimed at determining the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV infection among pregnant women attending at Borumeda General Hospital, Dessie, Northeast Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Borumeda General Hospital from April to May, 2020. A consecutive total of 124 pregnant women who were attending at the antenatal clinic (ANC) of the hospital were included. A structured questionnaire was used to assess the associated factors and some sociodemographic characteristics. Five milliliters of venous blood was collected from each study participant, and a laboratory test using a rapid HBsAg and anti-HCV kit was done. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22. Results The mean age of the study subjects was 25.81 (±5.967) years. The overall seroprevalence of either HBV or HCV infections among the study participants was 14 (11.3%). HBsAg and anti-HCV were positive among 10 (8.1%) and 4 (3.2%) study participants, respectively. There was no coinfection result between HBV and HCV among pregnant women. Pregnant women who had abortion history [AOR 5.723; 95% CI 1.100-29.785, P value = 0.038] and hospitalization history with IV medication [AOR 6.939; 95% CI 1.017-47.322, P value = 0.048] exhibited statistically significant association with HBV infection. Conclusions Seroprevalence of HBV and HCV infections among pregnant women was high, and the rate of HBV particularly can be considered in the high endemic category of the WHO classification scheme. Continuous screening of pregnant mothers, provision of hepatitis B vaccine for females at the child-bearing age, and health education to create awareness about HBV and HCV should be implemented.
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Mota Pereira F, Neves Santos FL, da Conceição Almeida Chagas M, Perez Carreiro R, Kalabric Silva L, Galvão Castro B, Rios Grassi MF. Seroprevalence and Spatial Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus in Bahia, Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 105:991-998. [PMID: 34424863 PMCID: PMC8592152 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In Salvador, which is the capital of the Brazilian state of Bahia, it has been estimated that 1.5% of the general population is infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV); however, the circulation of HCV throughout the state remains unknown. The present retrospective study aimed to determine anti-HCV seroprevalence and describe the geographic distribution of hepatitis C in Bahia. Data from HCV serological tests submitted to the Bahia Central Laboratory of Public Health between 2004 and 2013 were analyzed. Serology for HCV was performed using the AxSYM anti-HCV enzymatic microparticle immunoassay and chemiluminescence immunoassay. A subgroup of samples with detectable HCV-RNA was genotyped using the linear array hepatitis C virus genotyping assay. A total of 247,837 samples were analyzed. The median age of the studied population was 31 years (interquartile range, 25–44 years), and the female:male ratio was 3.9:1. The global seroprevalence of HCV in Bahia was estimated to be 1.3% (3,230/247,837), corresponding to an infection rate of 21.2/100,000 inhabitants. The seroprevalence of HCV was higher among males and increased with age. The presence of anti-HCV antibodies was detected throughout all mesoregions of Bahia, and the municipality with the highest infection rate was Ipiaú (112.04 cases/100,000 inhabitants). Genotypes 1 and 3 were found to be the most prevalent, followed by genotypes 2, 4, and 5. Our results provide evidence of the widespread distribution of previous HCV infection throughout the state of Bahia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicidade Mota Pereira
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz-BA, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Gonçalo Moniz Public Health Central Laboratory, Laboratorio Central de Saúde Pública da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Roberto Perez Carreiro
- Center for Integration of Data and Health Knowledge, Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimentos para Saúde, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz-BA, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luciano Kalabric Silva
- Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Galvão Castro
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz-BA, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Rios Grassi
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz-BA, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Pinto RB, Ramos ARL, Padua LT, Swayze EJ, Cambou MC, Fiorini M, Melo M, Santos BR, Canti ICT, Silveira MLR, Solari MIG, de Correa JF, Chew K, Dos Santos Varella IR, Nielsen-Saines K. Prospective cohort study of children exposed to hepatitis C virus through a pregnancy screening program. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 110:62-68. [PMID: 34273517 PMCID: PMC8478836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Porto Alegre, in south Brazil, has one of the highest Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections rate in the country (84.4 cases/100,000 in 2018). Prenatal screening of HCV, however, has not been routinely offered. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal study of pregnant women with HCV and their infants between January 2014 to December 2018. Screening for HCV antibodies was offered to all women delivering at our tertiary institution. HCV RT-PCR was performed if seropositive. Infants were followed prospectively. Results: Among 18,953 pregnant women delivering, 17,810 were screened for HCV antibodies (93.9%) with 130 positive results. (HCV seroprevalence 0.7%). HCV RNA was detectable in 57/117 cases (48.7%). HCV viremia was associated with use of injectable drugs (p=0.03), inhaled/crack drug use (p=0.02), an HCV-seropositive partner, ≥3 lifetime sexual partners (p=<0.01). Genotype 1 was most prevalent (68%) during pregnancy. Among 43 children with follow-up, 6 (13%) were HCV infected (transmission rate 13.9%); genotype 3 infected 50%. Two infants (33%) cleared infection; mothers had genetic polymorphisms associated with clearance. Conclusion: HCV vertical transmission was high in our population, with HCV infection during pregnancy being vastly underdiagnosed. Public health efforts must focus on this vulnerable population for disease prevention and early treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leidy Tovar Padua
- University of San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Emma Jane Swayze
- Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Mary Catherine Cambou
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Maristela Fiorini
- Communicable Disease Surveillance Team, Municipal Health Secretariat of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marineide Melo
- Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kara Chew
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Karin Nielsen-Saines
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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