[Seroprevalence of celiac disease at a general pediatric outpatient clinic]

Prevalence of celiac disease in latin america: a systematic review and meta-regression

BACKGROUND

Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by the ingestion of gluten in susceptible individuals, and its prevalence varies depending on the studied population. Given that information on CD in Latin America is scarce, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of CD in this region of the world through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

METHODS AND FINDINGS

This was a two-phase study. First, a cross-sectional analysis from 981 individuals of the Colombian population was made. Second, a systematic review and meta-regression analysis were performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Meta- Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Our results disclosed a lack of celiac autoimmunity in the studied Colombian population (i.e., anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG) and IgA anti-endomysium (EMA)). In the systematic review, 72 studies were considered. The estimated prevalence of CD in Latin Americans ranged between 0.46% and 0.64%. The prevalence of CD in first-degree relatives of CD probands was 5.5%. The coexistence of CD and type 1 diabetes mellitus varied from 4.6% to 8.7%, depending on the diagnosis methods (i.e., autoantibodies and/or biopsies).

CONCLUSIONS

Although CD seems to be a rare condition in Colombians; the general prevalence of the disease in Latin Americans seemingly corresponds to a similar scenario observed in Europeans.

Serologic screening of celiac disease in adolescents

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to identify the seroprevalence of celiac disease in adolescents from public schools in the city of Salvador, Bahia.

METHODS

This was a cross-sectional study with probabilistic sample of 1,213 adolescents, aged 11 to 17 years old, of both genders. The body mass index was used to determine the participants' nutritional status based on the percentiles for age and gender recommended by the World Health Organization. Measurement of the anti-human transglutaminase immunoglobulin A (anti-tTG-IgA) antibody was established as the specific screening test for celiac disease, which involved an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Descriptive analysis was performed using proportions and means (standard deviation).

RESULTS

The female gender prevailed in the sample, and most of the participants had normal weights. The anti-tTG-IgA antibody was positive in 6/1,213 (0.49%) adolescents.

CONCLUSION

The seroprevalence of celiac disease was 0.49% in the investigated adolescents. Further studies are necessary to establish the prevalence of celiac disease in this age range.

Triagem sorológica para doença celíaca em adolescentes e adultos jovens, estudantes universitários

OBJETIVOS: avaliar a positividade sorológica para doença celíaca em um grupo de adolescentes e adultos jovens da cidade do Recife, Nordeste do Brasil. MÉTODOS: a amostra foi composta por estudantes matriculados nos cursos de graduação do Centro de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Os estudantes foram submetidos à coleta de sangue para pesquisa sorológica do anticorpo antitransglutaminase tecidual humana e responderam a questionário sobre sintomas e condições mórbidas associadas à doença celíaca. O anticorpo antitrans-glutaminase foi pesquisado por técnica de Elisa, considerando-se positivos valores acima de 10 U/mL, conforme estabelecido pelo fabricante. Nos pacientes que tiveram sorologia positiva para o anticorpo antitransglutaminase realizou-se a sorologia para o anticorpo antiendomíseo, por imunofluorescência indireta, utilizando kit comercialmente disponível. RESULTADOS: seiscentos e oitenta e três universitários participaram da pesquisa. Os estudantes tinham entre 18 e 30 anos e mediana de idade de 21 anos. O anticorpo antitransglutaminase foi positivo em 12/683, soroprevalência de 1,76% (IC95%: 0,95-3,13%). O anticorpo antiendomíseo foi realizado em 11 amostras e reagente em quatro. Oito estudantes com sorologia positiva tinham sintomas e/ou condições mórbidas associadas à doença celíaca. CONCLUSÕES: a elevada presença de anticorpos anti-transglutaminase encontrada neste estudo é semelhante a da Europa e Estados Unidos da América, sugere a possibilidade da triagem sorológica mesmo em populações consideradas de baixo risco.

Epidemiology and clinical presentations of celiac disease

Evidence of the prevalence of celiac disease comes from serological screening studies. These have revealed that celiac disease is common, occurring in about 1 % of the population worldwide. There are some countries with higher prevalence rates such as Finland and others with lower rates, for example Germany. The disease is found in most continents and appears to be increasing. Most people with the disease are not currently diagnosed though women are diagnosed more frequently than men. The mode of presentation has changed both in children and adults with diarrhea and a malabsorption syndrome becoming less common. Abdominal pain and growth issues are major modes of presentation in children, while anemia, osteoporosis, and recognition at endoscopy performed for GERD are seen as modes of presentation in adults. Screening of at risk groups is a major mode of presentation for both adults and children.