[Menkes syndrome: review of the pathogenesis apropos of a clinico-pathological case]

Doença de Wilson: diagnóstico clínico e sinais das "faces do panda" à ressonância magnética. Relato de caso

Homem de 25 anos de idade foi internado com sintomatologia polimorfa típica das afecções dos gânglios da base, associada a manifestações psiquiátricas. Fez uso de periciazina; no entanto, a suspensão do medicamento não melhorou a sintomatologia. Foi estabelecido o diagnóstico de doença de Wilson pela visualização do anel de Kayser-Fleischer através de exame com lâmpada de fenda e pelos exames laboratoriais que mostraram diminuição da ceruloplasmina plasmática e aumento de excreção de cobre urinário. A ressonância magnética, ponderada em T2, em cortes axiais do mesencéfalo e ponte, evidenciou imagens das "faces do panda".

[Hepatolenticular degeneration: critical evaluation of the diagnostic criteria in 95 cases]

Ninety-five cases of hepatolenticular degeneration have been studied, focusing particularly the clinical and laboratory characterization of the disease. On the clinical viewpoint the variability of the starting symptoms and the frequency of the Kayser-Fleischer rings were analyzed. As regards the laboratory findings the ceruloplasmin, blood and urinary copper, and aminoaciduria levels have been evaluated, as well as the radiological and scintillographic study of joints and bones, cranial computerized tomography and liver biopsy. In 54.4% of the cases the opening clinical picture was neurological, in 31.1% hepatic, in 14.4% psychiatric, in 7.8% osteoarticular, in 2.2% ophtalmologic (Kayser-Fleischer rings), in 1.1% hematologic (hemolytic anemia), and in 1.1% cardiac. Kayser-Fleischer rings were present in 84 of the 92 cases in which they have been searched for (91.3%). Concerning the laboratory findings, hypoceruloplasminemia was found in 98.8% of the cases in which it was investigated, hyperaminoaciduria in 94.7%, hypocupremia in 87.0%, increased cupruresis in 78.2%, osteoporosis in 79.4%, scintillographic changes of the joints in 67.6%; the CT-scan, performed in 11 cases, showed low attenuation areas in the basal ganglia of 2 patients. The significance of the mentioned laboratory findings and the presence of the Kayser-Fleischer rings for the diagnosis of Wilson's disease is discussed.