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Hamasaki MY, Mendes C, Batagello DS, Hirata MH, Britto LRGD, Nogueira MI. Pathophysiological aspects of neonatal anoxia and temporal expression of S100β in different brain regions. Neuroreport 2023; 34:575-582. [PMID: 37384931 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the temporal variations of S100β in the hippocampus, cerebellum and cerebral cortex of neonatal rats (Wistar strain) under anoxic conditions. Real-time PCR and western blotting techniques were used for gene expression and protein analysis. Animals were divided into two groups, a control group and an anoxic group, and further separated at different time points for analysis. After anoxia, S100β gene expression showed a significant peak in the hippocampus and cerebellum after 2 h, followed by a decline compared to the control group at other time points. The increased gene expression in these regions was also accompanied by an increase in S100β protein levels in the anoxia group, observable 4 h after injury. In contrast, S100β mRNA content in the cerebral cortex never exceeded control values at any time point. Similarly, the protein content of S100β in the cerebral cortex did not show statistically significant differences compared to control animals at any assessment time point. These results suggest that the production profile of S100β differs by brain region and developmental stage. The observed differences in vulnerability between the hippocampus, cerebellum and cerebral cortex may be attributed to their distinct developmental periods. The hippocampus and cerebellum, which develop earlier than the cerebral cortex, showed more pronounced effects in response to anoxia, which is supported by the gene expression and protein content in this study. This result reveals the brain region-dependent nature of S100β as a biomarker of brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Mendes
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences
| | | | - Mario Hiroyuki Hirata
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitdade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Efstathiou N, Slavakis A, Drossou V, Kantziou K, Dermetzoglou V, Soubasi V. Can we delineate brain injury in full-term neonates using serum biomarkers? Brain Inj 2021; 35:821-830. [PMID: 33780304 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2021.1907862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Early identification of neonates at risk of neurological impairment is particularly important for the bedside clinician. Clinical value of S100b and neuron-specific enolase in neonates has not been yet established. We investigated their kinetics and possible early clinical utility in neonatal encephalopathy (NE).STUDY DESIGN: 36 full-term neonates (13 with moderate/severe encephalopathy, 11 with mild encephalopathy, 12 controls) were enrolled and studied prospectively. Serum S100b and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were measured serially on days(d) 1, 3, 9 and 18 of life. Brain MRI and long-term neurodevelopmental outcome were also assessed.RESULT: Neonates with moderate/severe encephalopathy had significantly increased S100b (d1) and NSE levels (d1, d3, d9) compared to controls. Neuron-specific enolase significantly correlated with the degree of encephalopathy, and a cutoff of 38.8 μg/l (d1) accurately predicted moderate/severe encephalopathy. S100b (d1) cutoff points of 1.6 μg/l and 11.4 μg/l prognosticated severe encephalopathy and death/cerebral palsy, respectively. Both biomarkers correlated well with neuroimaging and Bayley-III scores.CONCLUSION: Combined clinical, laboratory, imaging and neurodevelopmental data indicate that serum S100b and NSE can be useful biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of neonatal brain injury, providing useful information to the bedside clinician.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Efstathiou
- 1st Neonatal Department and NICU, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aristidis Slavakis
- Biochemistry Department, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Drossou
- 1st Neonatal Department and NICU, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Kantziou
- 1st Neonatal Department and NICU, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Vasiliki Soubasi
- 2nd Neonatal Department and NICU, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Arrais AC, Melo LHMF, Norrara B, Almeida MAB, Freire KF, Melo AMMF, Oliveira LCD, Lima FOV, Engelberth RCGJ, Cavalcante JDS, Araújo DPD, Guzen FP, Freire MAM, Cavalcanti JRLP. S100B protein: general characteristics and pathophysiological implications in the Central Nervous System. Int J Neurosci 2020; 132:313-321. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1807979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Arrais
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Lívia Helena M. F. Melo
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Bianca Norrara
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Marina Abuquerque B. Almeida
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Kalina Fernandes Freire
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Acydalia Madruga M. F. Melo
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Lucidio Clebeson de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Francisca Overlânia Vieira Lima
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Rovena Clara G. J. Engelberth
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Jeferson de Souza Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Dayane Pessoa de Araújo
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Fausto Pierdoná Guzen
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurelio M. Freire
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - José Rodolfo L. P. Cavalcanti
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
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Schulte S, Schiffer T, Sperlich B, Knicker A, Podlog LW, Strüder HK. The impact of increased blood lactate on serum S100B and prolactin concentrations in male adult athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2012; 113:811-7. [PMID: 23053124 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-012-2503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
S100B is an astroglial protein that is increased in the peripheral bloodstream after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Elevated serum levels of S100B have been shown to be predictive of mild TBI. Furthermore, physical activity (PA) can affect S100B levels. Interestingly, increased serum S100B concentrations have been detected in athletes without apparent TBI. Such increases could be attributed to tissue hypoperfusion reflected by blood lactate concentrations [BLa(-)] and/or increased serotonergic activity reflected by prolactin (PRL). The impact of increased blood lactates on peripheral S100B levels per se are yet unknown. The purpose of our study was to investigate if increased blood lactate induced by sodium lactate infusion, without the "side effects" of PA, resulted in changes in serum S100B and PRL. Twelve male adults were given a sodium lactate infusion for a period of 24 min by a perfusor with an infusion rate of 0.01 mL kg(-1) min(-1), increased every 3 min. The main outcome measures showed no increase in serum S100B (p > 0.05). Prolactin increased significantly (p < 0.05) after [BLa(-)] exceeded a concentration of 4 mmol L(-1). Furthermore, the expected values of blood lactate achieved peak values ranging from 11 to 15 mmol L(-1). We conclude that neither increased blood lactate nor serum PRL play an exclusive role in the regulation of S100B. Nevertheless, PA should be surveyed in medical history and critically assessed in determining the severity of TBI, especially in sports. Further studies are needed to clarify the impact of PA on the biomarker S100B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Schulte
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, College of Health, University of Utah, HPER North, 250 S 1850 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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Abstract
Cerebral hypothermia reduces brain injury and improves behavioral recovery after hypoxia-ischemia (HI) at birth. However, using current enrolment criteria many infants are not helped, and conversely, a significant proportion of control infants survive without disability. In order to further improve treatment we need better biomarkers of injury. A 'true' biomarker for the phase of evolving, 'treatable' injury would allow us to identify not only whether infants are at risk of damage, but also whether they are still able to benefit from intervention. Even a less specific measure that allowed either more precise early identification of infants at risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcome would reduce the variance of outcome of trials, improving trial power while reducing the number of infants unnecessarily treated. Finally, valid short-term surrogates for long term outcome after treatment would allow more rapid completion of preliminary evaluation and thus allow new strategies to be tested more rapidly. Experimental studies have demonstrated that there is a relatively limited 'window of opportunity' for effective treatment (up to about 6-8h after HI, the 'latent phase'), before secondary cell death begins. We critically evaluate the utility of proposed biochemical, electronic monitoring, and imaging biomarkers against this framework. This review highlights the two central limitations of most presently available biomarkers: that they are most precise for infants with severe injury who are already easily identified, and that their correlation is strongest at times well after the latent phase, when injury is no longer 'treatable'. This is an important area for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Bennet
- Corresponding author. Dr Laura Bennet, Professor, Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019 Auckland, New Zealand Tel.: +64 9 373 7599 ext. 84890; fax: +64 9 373 7499. (L. Bennet)
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