Prevalence of sleep disorders in children of a public hospital in São Paulo

Parental report of dental pain and discomfort in preschool children is associated with sleep disorders: a cross-sectional study in Brazilian families

PURPOSE

To evaluate the prevalence of sleep disorders in Brazilian preschool children and its associations with parental report of dental pain and discomfort.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study involved 604 Brazilian preschoolers (4-5 years old). Sleep disorders (SD) and the parental report of dental pain and discomfort (DPD) were evaluated using the Brazilian versions of the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) and the Dental Discomfort Questionnaire (DDQ-B), respectively. Bivariate and multivariate Poisson regression analyses with robust variance were performed to analyze the association between SDSC and DP.

RESULTS

Prevalence of SD ranged from 7 to 21%. 7.9% of the children had DPD indicating the need for more invasive dental procedures (DDQ-B ≥ 5). Significant associations were found between DPD and the following SDSC domains: sleep hyperhidrosis (p = 0.024; PR_a = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.04-1.83), disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep (p < 0.001; PR_a = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.15-1.73), parasomnias (p < 0.001; PR_a = 1.82; 95% CI: 1.39-2.37), and sleep-wake transition disorders (p = 0.018; PR_a = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.04-1.58). Children with higher prevalence of DPD presented 20% higher prevalence of SD than children lower prevalence of DPD (p = 0.039; PR_a = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01-1.44).

CONCLUSION

Preschool children with higher prevalence of DPD are more likely to have SD, such as hyperhidrosis, disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep, parasomnias, and sleep-wake transition.

Sleep problems in low income, urban pediatric populations living at different altitudes in Colombia

OBJECTIVE

To determine the frequency of sleep problems in low-income, urban pediatric populations in cities at different altitudes in Colombia.

METHODS

A descriptive, cross-sectional population-based observational study was conducted in children aged between 2 and 12 years in the low income, urban areas of three cities in Colombia (Santa Marta, Bucaramanga, and Bogotá) located at 15, 959, and 2640 m above sea level, respectively. Sociodemographic data were collected, and the Spanish version of the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire was used.

RESULTS

1989 children were surveyed, distributed as follows: Santa Marta (32.0%), Bucaramanga (33.4%), and Bogotá (34.6%). The overall prevalence of sleep problems was 39.0%. Children from Santa Marta had the highest frequency of parasomnias (58.0%); those from Bucaramanga had the highest frequency of attention deficit symptoms (4.0%) and apneic pauses witnessed by parents or caregivers (5.7%). Finally, Bogotá, the only high-altitude location, had the highest frequency of sleep disordered breathing (17.2%).

CONCLUSIONS

The study found a high frequency of sleep problems in the pediatric population, especially at higher altitudes when compared to lower altitude settings. Sleep disorders warrant early detection and timely therapeutic intervention.

Sleep characteristics in Brazilian children and adolescents: a population-based study

Objective/background

To evaluate sleep characteristics in Brazilian children and adolescents aged 0–19 years and determine the prevalence of sleep disturbances (SDs) and their association with regional differences and socioeconomic status (SES).

Patients/methods

The target population was divided into three age groups: 0–3 years, 4–12 years, and 13–19 years. An online questionnaire based on Brazilian versions of instruments for sleep assessment was made available to participants from 2014 to 2017. Sleep habits were characterized following the recommendations of the instruments and of the National Sleep Foundation. Data were evaluated by bivariate analyses and logistic regression analyses (p ≤ 0.05).

Results

A total of 1180 respondents were included, representative of all Brazilian regions and SES levels. Inadequate bedtime habits and total sleep time below the recommended levels were observed in all age groups. Overall SD prevalence was 25.5%. Increased risk of SDs was associated with a current health problem in children aged 0–3 years, with hospitalization after birth and sleeping in parents' bed in children aged 4–12 years, and with medication use and playing video games/using the cell phone before sleep in adolescents. There was no significant difference in SD rates between the regions. There was an increased risk of SDs in children with low SES (0–3 years), lower middle SES (4–12 years), and high SES (13–19 years).

Conclusions

Brazilian children and adolescents overall present inadequate sleep habits and sleep duration lower than recommended. SDs increased with age, reaching a peak in adolescence, with an influence of SES on these disturbances.

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Brazilian children and adolescents overall present inadequate sleep habits.

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Sleep duration is lower than recommended in children and adolescents.

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Low socioeconomic status increased the risk of sleep disturbances in children.

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High socioeconomic status increased the risk of sleep disturbances in adolescents.

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Co-sleeping was found in 38.8% and inadequate sleep position in 68.8% of infants.

Prevalence of Sleep Disorders Among Primary School Children

OBJECTIVE

To screen symptoms of sleep disorders among primary school children.

METHODS

Four schools from urban area and four rural schools were included in this study. Symptoms of sleep disorders were assessed using the validated Hindi version of Childhood Sleep Habit Questionnaire in 8-13 y old children. Comparison was made between urban and rural group and between boys and girls. Descriptive statistics was calculated.

RESULTS

Mean age of the subjects included in this study was 8.9 ± 1.5 y. Boys and girls were equally distributed, however, rural sample was smaller. More than one awakening each night was found in 12.2 % children. In the whole group, prevalence of bed-wetting was 8.7 %, sleep-talking 20.9 %, sleep-walking 3.2 %, teeth grinding 15.4 % and night terrors 8.4 %. Daytime sleepiness was reported by 25.5 % and napping by 56.4 %. 17.3 % used to fall asleep in unusual circumstances and the teacher or the friend in 6.9 % students noticed it. Snoring was reported by 11.4 % children, and 6.3 % reportedly struggled to breathe during sleep. Domicile and gender did not affect prevalence of parasomnia, however, symptoms of sleep apnea were more frequent among rural children. Daytime sleepiness was more common among rural children as compared to urban.

CONCLUSIONS

Symptoms of sleep disorders are prevalent among primary school children. Common disorders are parasomnia, sleep apnea and daytime sleepiness.

Assessment of a portable monitoring device WatchPAT 200 in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea

We assessed the accuracy of a wrist-worn device WatchPAT 200 for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and sleep and wakefulness indicators compared to standard polysomnography (PSG) using American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) criteria. Twenty-eight adults with suspected OSA underwent a standard in-hospital PSG while wearing a WatchPAT 200. PSG events were manually scored using AASM criteria; WatchPAT 200 data were collected and analyzed by an automatic algorithm. The accuracy of WatchPAT 200 algorithm in apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and sleep-wake detection was compared to standard PSG methodology. The study population consisted of 21 males and 7 females, mean age of 47.45 ± 13.46 years, and mean body mass index of 29.99 ± 5.74 kg/m(2). For AHI, the mean PSG score for events per hour was 23.00 ± 21.55 compared to a mean score of 25.99 ± 19.09 for WatchPAT (r = 0.92, P < 0.001). The agreement of the sleep-wake assessment based on 30-s bins between the PSG and the WatchPAT was 89 ± 6 %. WatchPAT 200 detected OSA based on AHI with comparable accuracy, and provided a reasonably accurate estimation of sleep and wakefulness in patients with OSA on an epoch-by-epoch basis.

Quality of sleep and quality of life in adolescents infected with human immunodeficiency virus

OBJECTIVES: To assess sleep characteristics of adolescents infected by HIV, and to ascertain whether psychosocial aspects are associated to the quality of sleep. METHODS: A cross-sectional study assessing 102 HIV-infected adolescents of both genders, aged between 10 and 20 years-old and 120 Controls. Data collection was performed by applying the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. RESULTS: A sleep disturbance prevalence of 77.4% was found in patients, and a 75% prevalence in controls, and there was correlation between quality of sleep and of life. HIV-infected adolescents scored higher for sleep breathing disorders and had higher prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness. CONCLUSIONS: HIV-infected adolescents had similar quality of sleep compared to healthy adolescents. This may be explained by the steady improvements in daily living as a result of successful anti-retroviral therapy, and by the vulnerability that affects Brazilian adolescents living in major urban centers.