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Garcia RI, Khemka S, Roghani AK, Reddy RP, Pattoor V, Jacob M, Reddy A, Sehar U, Reddy PH. Caring for Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease: A Spotlight on Hispanic Caregivers. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2024; 8:877-902. [PMID: 38910940 PMCID: PMC11191631 DOI: 10.3233/adr-240035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A caregiver is a constantly evolving role that an individual most likely undertakes at some point in their lifetime. With discoveries and research in increasing life expectancy, the prevalence of neurological-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia, is certainly likely to require more caregivers. The demand for AD caregivers is escalating as the prevalence of the disease continues to rise. The projected rise in AD within the Hispanic population in the United States over the next few decades is expected to be the most significant among all ethnic groups. The Hispanic population faces unique dementia risks due to cultural factors like language barriers, lower education, and limited healthcare access. Higher rates of conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease further elevate dementia risk. Family dynamics and caregiving responsibilities also differ, affecting dementia management within Hispanic households. Addressing these distinct challenges requires culturally sensitive approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and support for Hispanic individuals and their family's facing dementia. With AD and other dementia becoming more prevalent, this article will attempt to expand upon the status of caregivers concerning their economic, health, and cultural statuses. We will attempt to focus on the Hispanic caregivers that live in Texas and more specifically, West Texas due to the lack of current literature that applies to this area of Texas. Lastly, we discuss the ramifications of a multitude of factors that affect caregivers in Texas and attempt to provide tools that can be readily available for Hispanics and others alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Isaiah Garcia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Sachi Khemka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Aryan Kia Roghani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Frenship High School, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ruhananhad P. Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Lubbock High School, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Vasanthkumar Pattoor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael Jacob
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Aananya Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Lubbock High School, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ujala Sehar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Services, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Mohamad MA, Leong Bin Abdullah MFI, Shari NI. Similarities and differences in the prevalence and risk factors of suicidal behavior between caregivers and people with dementia: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:254. [PMID: 38486186 PMCID: PMC10941364 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04753-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with dementia and their caregivers are prone to suicidal behaviors due to difficulty adjusting to their initial caregiving role and due to emotional disturbances resulting from deterioration of functioning. The present systematic review (1) explored the prevalence of and risk factors for suicidal behavior and (2) assessed the similarities and differences in the prevalence and risk factors for suicidal behavior between people with dementia and their caregivers. METHODS A comprehensive literature search for research articles published between 1950 and 2023 was carried out using major databases, such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Medline. RESULTS A total of 40 research articles were selected for review. A total of 12 research articles revealed that the prevalence of suicidal behavior among caregivers ranged from 4.7% to 26%. However, the risk of suicidal behavior among people with dementia was inconsistent, as only 17 out of 28 selected studies reported the risk of suicidal behavior among people with dementia. The risk factors associated with suicidal behavior among caregivers of people with dementia could be both self-related and care receiver-related factors, whereas risk factors in people with dementia were self-related factors. Notably, greater cognitive decline, which impairs individuals' ability to carry out complex acts and planning, may lower their suicidal risk. Finally, assessment of the risk of bias indicated that 95% of the selected studies had unclear risk. CONCLUSION Self-related and care receiver-related factors should be assessed among caregivers of people with dementia to evaluate the risk of suicidal behavior. In addition, we recommend evaluating suicidal risk in people with dementia in the early phase of dementia when cognitive decline is less severe. However, as the majority of the selected studies had unclear risk of bias, future studies with improved methodologies are warranted to confirm our study findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Afifuddin Mohamad
- Department of Community Health, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, 13200, Malaysia
| | | | - Nurul Izzah Shari
- School of Human Resource Development and Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities (FSSH), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, 81310, Malaysia
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Gérain P, Zech E. A Harmful Care: The Association of Informal Caregiver Burnout With Depression, Subjective Health, and Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP9738-NP9762. [PMID: 33399030 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520983259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Providing informal care to a relative can lead to informal caregiver burnout, which is expected to lead to deleterious consequences. Among these consequences lie the risk of perpetrating violent behaviors against the care-recipient, the caregivers' risk of depression, and their low subjective health. To investigate these associations, a sample of 499 informal caregivers completed a questionnaire addressing informal caregiver burnout, depression, subjective health, and violence. Hierarchical regression models were used to investigate the potential association of burnout with these potential consequences, while controlling for sociodemographic variables and received violence. The results show that burnout, and especially emotional exhaustion, is significantly associated with depression, low subjective health, and perpetrated physical violence, but not with perpetrated psychological violence. For both psychological and physical violence, it appears that receiving violence is one of the best predictors of perpetrating violence. With these results, this cross-sectional study confirms the association of informal caregiver burnout with deleterious consequences-even if this observation must be pondered-and the central role of received violence in predicting perpetrated violence, suggesting the risk of violence escalation. The implications of these results suggest that the emotional state of informal caregivers is one of the indicators of potential deleterious consequences and should, as such, be considered as a warning signal by field workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Gérain
- Fonds National pour la Recherche Scientifique, Brussels, Belgium
- UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Emmanuelle Zech
- Fonds National pour la Recherche Scientifique, Brussels, Belgium
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da Rocha CG, Perrenoud B, Ramelet AS. Perceptions of Burden and Preparedness for Caregiving among the Family Caregivers of Hospitalised Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Geriatrics (Basel) 2022; 7:19. [PMID: 35200524 PMCID: PMC8872519 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics7010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the increasing care needs of older adults, family caregivers are more and more solicited. This can have a negative impact on their quality of life related to a lack of preparedness for caregiving and feelings of burden. OBJECTIVES To measure perceptions of burden and preparedness for caregiving among the family caregivers of hospitalised older adults, and to explore their possible associations. METHODS A cross-sectional study conducted in two university hospital geriatrics wards in Switzerland. Principal family caregivers of hospitalised older adults were invited to complete sociodemographic, the Zarit Burden Interview, and the Preparedness for Caregiving Scale questionnaires. Descriptive and correlational data analyses were performed. RESULTS Of the 38 responding caregivers, 80% provided informal care to their spouse or parent; 45% reported a lack of preparedness to provide care and 61% reported substantial levels of burden. There was no statistically significant correlation between preparedness and burden (ρ ≤ -0.30, p = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS A significant proportion of caregivers reported burden and a lack of preparedness. Healthcare professionals should provide adequate support to help informal caregivers to fulfil their roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Gomes da Rocha
- Acute Geriatric Care Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, Avenue Pierre Decker 5, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Béatrice Perrenoud
- Nursing Directorate, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 21, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- La Source Institute and School of Nursing, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Avenue Vinet 30, CH-1004 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Sylvie Ramelet
- Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare, University of Lausanne, Biopôle 2, Route de la Corniche 10, CH-1010 Lausanne, Switzerland;
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Savela R, Schwab U, Välimäki T. An integrative review of the social determinants of mental health among older caregivers. Nurs Open 2022; 9:94-107. [PMID: 34655273 PMCID: PMC8685836 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to examine the reported social determinants of mental health among older caregivers in the previous caregiving literature. DESIGN An integrative literature review method of Whittemore and Knafl. METHODS CINAHL, MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed, and Science Direct were searched from January 1999 to December 2019. A systematic approach and data analysis were used. The evidence of a multilevel framework by the World Health Organization was used to examine the social determinants of mental health. RESULTS Twelve articles were included. "Levels of physical health" was mainly cited factor linked to mental health inequalities among older caregivers. However, the evidence regarding caregivers' gender-related, ethnic and socioeconomic differences in mental health was relatively limited. CONCLUSION Future research and screening programs on social determinants of mental health among older caregivers are necessary to tackle mental health inequalities. Implications informed by this research could sustain mental health equity among older caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ursula Schwab
- School of MedicineInstitute of Public Health and Clinical NutritionUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical NutritionKuopio University HospitalKuopioFinland
| | - Tarja Välimäki
- Department of Nursing ScienceUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
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O'Dwyer ST, Janssens A, Sansom A, Biddle L, Mars B, Slater T, Moran P, Stallard P, Melluish J, Reakes L, Walker A, Andrewartha C, Hastings RP. Suicidality in family caregivers of people with long-term illnesses and disabilities: A scoping review. Compr Psychiatry 2021; 110:152261. [PMID: 34332205 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2021.152261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An emerging body of international research suggests family caregivers may be a high-risk group for suicide, but the evidence has not been synthesised. Forty-eight peer-reviewed journal articles were included in this review, spanning low-, middle-, and high-income countries and a variety of illnesses and disabilities. The proportion of caregivers experiencing suicidal ideation ranged from 2.7% to 71%, with evidence of suicide attempts, deaths by suicide, and deaths by homicide-suicide also reported. Risk and protective factors varied across studies and there was little consideration of differences by caregiving relationship, type of illness/disability, or country. There is sufficient evidence to warrant concern for caregivers around the world and prompt action in policy and practice, but more rigorous research is required to draw clear, nuanced conclusions about risk and inform evidence-based prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan T O'Dwyer
- University of Exeter Medical School, College of Medicine and Heath, University of Exeter, Heavitree Rd, Exeter EX1 2LU, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula (NIHR PenARC), United Kingdom.
| | - Astrid Janssens
- User Perspectives and Community-based Interventions, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winslows Vej 9B, 1(st) Floor, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Centre for Innovative Medical Technology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Anna Sansom
- University of Exeter Medical School, College of Medicine and Heath, University of Exeter, Heavitree Rd, Exeter EX1 2LU, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Biddle
- The National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Research Foundation, United Kingdom; Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol BS8 2BN, United Kingdom
| | - Becky Mars
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol BS8 2BN, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Slater
- School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 2.14B Glamorgan Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3WT, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Moran
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, United Kingdom; The National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Research Foundation, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Stallard
- Department of Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Richard P Hastings
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research (CEDAR), University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, Monash University, Australia
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Alves LCDS, Monteiro DQ, Bento SR, Hayashi VD, Pelegrini LNDC, Vale FAC. Burnout syndrome in informal caregivers of older adults with dementia: A systematic review. Dement Neuropsychol 2019; 13:415-421. [PMID: 31844495 PMCID: PMC6907708 DOI: 10.1590/1980-57642018dn13-040008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a constant concern for the public health system. Also, it impacts family members who provide informal care, often culminating in overload due to the emotional stress and physical distress of caregivers. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to identify the consequences of Burnout Syndrome in informal caregivers of older adults with dementia. METHODS The search was performed spanning the last 10 years, in English, Portuguese or Spanish. The databases used were PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science and LILACS. The descriptors were obtained from MeSH and DeCS, which were, "caregivers", "burnout", "aged", "psychological stress" and "dementia". The selected articles included studies conducted with informal caregivers of community-dwelling older adults diagnosed with any type of dementia. The excluded articles had the following characteristics: the participants were not informal caregivers, the older adults were not diagnosed with dementia, or the main theme was not related to the Burnout Syndrome. RESULTS Initially, 1,208 articles were found. One hundred and forty-six were eliminated because they were duplicates. A further 1,033 were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Twenty-nine studies were selected for full reading and 22 were excluded, giving 7 studies for inclusion in this review. CONCLUSION The results showed that the Burnout Syndrome negatively affected caregivers' quality of life and was associated with patient depressive and anxious symptoms and abusive behavior by caregiver. There is a need for studies with interventions addressing this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmyla Caroline de Souza Alves
- Master's student in Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Diana Quirino Monteiro
- PhD. Student in Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Sirlei Ricarte Bento
- Master's student in Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Gérain P, Zech E. Informal Caregiver Burnout? Development of a Theoretical Framework to Understand the Impact of Caregiving. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1748. [PMID: 31428015 PMCID: PMC6689954 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Informal caregiving is a rewarding but demanding role. The present theoretical framework proposes to adapt the tridimensional concept of burnout to informal caregiving as a way to address the potential consequences of caregiving. This adaptation reflects caregivers' reported difficulties, as well as empirical findings on emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment as caregiving outcomes. But to understand burnout in informal caregiving contexts, it is also necessary to find ways to model it. The Informal Caregiving Integrative Model (ICIM) is thus proposed. This model is based on the integration of elements from literature on both informal caregiving stress and professional burnout. The goal of the ICIM is to emphasize the importance of every category of determinants of informal caregiver burnout (i.e., relating to the caregiver, the caregiving setting, and the sociocultural context), with a key mediating role for the caregivers' appraisal of their situation and their relationship with the care-recipient. This article is a first integrative step in the consideration of a form of burnout specific to informal caregivers and supports the design of empirical and interventional studies based on the theoretical foundation that the ICIM proposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Gérain
- National Fund for Scientific Research, Brussels, Belgium.,Person Centred Research and Training Lab, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Emmanuelle Zech
- Person Centred Research and Training Lab, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Burden and Distress in Caregivers of Patients With Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia. J Nerv Ment Dis 2017; 205:23-30. [PMID: 27861457 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000000614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We estimated the prevalence, severity, and correlates of burden and distress in caregivers of patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia. The instruments used in this cross-sectional study with 40 caregivers and 40 outpatients were Carer Burden Interview (CBI), Family Burden Interview Schedule (FBIS-BR), Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ), Panic and Agoraphobia Scale (PAS), and Mini-international Neuropsychiatric Interview. Bivariate analyses were followed by regression analyses. The patients' mean PAS score was 29.6, and the mean scores in the caregivers' burden scales were 27 (CBI) and 1.64 (FBIS-BR). Distress (or common mental disorder [CMD]) occurred in 37.5% and was associated with higher burden. In the multivariate analysis, the SRQ score was predicted by female sex and worse self-evaluation of health, the CBI score by CMD and public service, the FBIS-BR score by CMD and not living with the patient, the FBIS-objective score by CMD and being employed, the FBIS-subjective score by CMD, and the level of worry by the severity of patients' avoidance and panic attacks.
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10
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Prevalence of Mental Health Disorders Among Caregivers of Patients With Alzheimer Disease. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2015; 16:1034-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Oakley SH, Crisp CC, Estanol MV, Westermann LB, Ghodsi VC, Kleeman S, Pauls RN. Perioperative Caregiver Burden in the Geriatric Urogynecologic Population: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Gynecol Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1089/gyn.2014.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susan H. Oakley
- Division of Urogynecology and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery, Good Samaritan Hospital, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Catrina C. Crisp
- Division of Urogynecology and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery, Good Samaritan Hospital, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Maria V. Estanol
- Division of Urogynecology and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery, Good Samaritan Hospital, Cincinnati, OH
- Cincinnati Urogynecology Associates, Good Samaritan Hospital, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Lauren B. Westermann
- Division of Urogynecology and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery, Good Samaritan Hospital, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Vivian C. Ghodsi
- Hatton Research Institute, Good Samaritan Hospital, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Steven Kleeman
- Division of Urogynecology and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery, Good Samaritan Hospital, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Rachel N. Pauls
- Division of Urogynecology and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery, Good Samaritan Hospital, Cincinnati, OH
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Abdollahpour I, Nedjat S, Noroozian M, Salimi Y, Majdzadeh R. Caregiver burden: the strongest predictor of self-rated health in caregivers of patients with dementia. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2014; 27:172-80. [PMID: 24614200 DOI: 10.1177/0891988714524627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE People having dementia need help and supervision to perform their activities of daily living. This responsibility is usually imposed on family members who endure a great burden, leading to undesirable health outcomes. The aims of our study were to measure caregivers' health as well as identify its adjusted relevant predictors. METHODS One hundred and fifty three registered patients and their caregivers from Iranian Alzheimer Association were included in this cross-sectional study through sequential sampling. Self-rated health (SRH) was measured using a single question with Likert-type scale ranging from very bad (1) to very good (5). The multiple linear regression model was applied to determine the adjusted associations between independent variables under study and SRH. RESULTS The mean caregiver SRH level was 3.03. Of the participant caregivers, 29% were either unsatisfied or very unsatisfied with their health level. In the final regression model, SRH showed a direct significant association with the patient's number of children but an inverse significant association with the marital status (married patients), patient's age, and caregiver burden. CONCLUSIONS Caregiver burden was not only significantly associated with poor SRH after removing the effect of the other covariates but it was also recognized as the strongest predictor of caregivers' SRH. Therefore, it seems that development of intervention programs, in order to reduce caregiver burden, can be considered as important step in promoting caregivers' health level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Abdollahpour
- School of Public Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saharnaz Nedjat
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Noroozian
- Memory and Behavioral Neurology Department, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yahya Salimi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department of Public Health School, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Majdzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Simpson C, Carter P. Short-term changes in sleep, mastery & stress: Impacts on depression and health in dementia caregivers. Geriatr Nurs 2013; 34:509-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Beinart N, Weinman J, Wade D, Brady R. Caregiver burden and psychoeducational interventions in Alzheimer's disease: a review. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2012; 2:638-48. [PMID: 23341829 PMCID: PMC3551411 DOI: 10.1159/000345777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caring for a patient with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with poor quality of life and deteriorating health for the caregiver. METHODS This comprehensive review was performed to investigate the current literature on caregiver burden, factors affecting caregiver burden and the effectiveness of different types of intervention. RESULTS Successful psychoeducational interventions for caregivers have included provision of information about AD, care planning, advice about patient management and the importance of self-care, skills training to aid patient management, stress management training, and problem-solving and decision-making guidance. CONCLUSION Interventions that are individually tailored to the caregiver are particularly effective at reducing caregiver burden and should be further investigated. The use of effective pharmacological treatment for the improvement and/or stabilisation of AD symptoms in the patient is also likely to improve caregiver burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Beinart
- Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, UK
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