[Abortion among female students and employees of a Brazilian university]

[Personal experiences with induced abortions in private clinics in Northeast Brazil]

Based on a qualitative study conducted in 2012, the article analyzes middle-class individuals' experiences with induced abortions performed in private clinics. Thirty-four stories of induced abortions were narrated by 19 women and five men living in two state capitals in Northeast Brazil. Thematic analysis revealed differences in types of clinics and care provided by the physicians. The article shows that abortion in private clinics fails to guarantee safe or humane care. The narratives furnish descriptions of diverse situations and practices, ranging from flaws such as lack of information on medicines to others involving severe abuses like procedures performed without anesthesia. The article concludes that criminalization of abortion in Brazil allows clinics to operate with no state regulation; it does not prevent women from having abortions, but exposes them to total vulnerability and violation of human rights.

Association between educational level and access to safe abortion in a Brazilian population

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate sociodemographic factors associated with induced abortion.

METHODS

As part of a cross-sectional, descriptive study, 15 800 civil servants from Campinas, Brazil, were invited to complete a self-administered questionnaire about absolutely unwanted pregnancies in January 2010. Bivariate analysis and multivariate Poisson regression analysis were used to explore the associations between induced abortion and sociodemographic characteristics.

RESULTS

Overall, 1660 questionnaires were returned. Unwanted pregnancy was reported by 296 (17.8%) respondents, of whom 165 (55.7%) resorted to abortion. Multiple regression analysis showed that college education was the only variable associated with an increased chance of abortion. Among 157 participants who answered questions about the abortion procedure, 97 (61.8%) reported that it had been performed by a physician. Following abortion, 35 (22.9%) of 153 reported that medical care was required and 26 (16.6%) of 157 reported hospitalization, principally those with a lower level of education and those whose abortion had been performed by a nonphysician.

CONCLUSION

Compared with women with a college education, those with a lower education level were less likely to terminate an absolutely unwanted pregnancy and to have an abortion performed by a physician, and they were more likely to have complications. These findings confirm the social inequalities associated with abortion in Brazil.

[Voluntary abortion and domestic violence among women attended at a public maternity hospital of Salvador-BA]

Quantitative study in order to study domestic violence in women with induced abortion. Interviews were conducted with 147 women hospitalized for induced abortion in a public maternity hospital in Salvador, Bahia. The subjects are characterized by mostly women, black, poorly educated, economically dependent on spouses, experienced psychological abuse, physical and sexual abuse committed by their spouses. Almost half of the women were victims of domestic violence during the current pregnancy, and that was the reason for inducing abortion for 67% of them. The study reveals an association between experience of domestic violence and induced abortion. As mental health consequences, they developed symptoms of post trauma stress disorder. It is necessary that the health professionals consider the cues to identify domestic violence as a health problem associated with induced abortion, which requires a transformation on the training model, including domestic violence as a health issue.

A decisão de abortar: processo e sentimentos envolvidos

No Brasil, o aborto provocado é considerado crime na maioria das vezes, razão pela qual existem poucos dados oficiais sobre o assunto. Pouco se sabe acerca das condições em que é praticado. A pesquisa em questão foi realizada para conhecer as características das mulheres que abortaram e estudar as razões pelas quais o fizeram e as condições em que isso ocorreu. Foi enviado a todas as funcionárias (7359) e alunas (2231) dos cursos de graduação de uma universidade paulista um questionário a ser auto-respondido e devolvido pelo correio. Acompanhava o questionário uma carta e um envelope resposta-comercial. Responderam ao questionário e o devolveram 27% das funcionárias e 42% das alunas. Dessas, 1314 funcionárias e 138 alunas tinham tido pelo menos uma gravidez. Os resultados apresentados neste trabalho correspondem a 465 dessas funcionárias e alunas que alguma vez pensaram em fazer aborto. Elas foram divididas em dois grupos, segundo a decisão tomada de faze-lo ou não. O objetivo foi analisar a associação de algumas características das mulheres com a decisão de fazer ou não um aborto e como se sentiram frente a essa decisão. A proporção de mulheres que abortou foi significativamente menor entre as casadas do que entre as que tinham engravidado em outro tipo de relacionamento. Mais mulheres que conversaram com amigo(a) e/ou marido/namorado/companheiro para decidir se fariam aborto o fizeram, comparadas com as que conversaram com parentes ou não conversaram com ninguém. Mais mulheres que disseram não estar preparadas para criar/educar uma criança abortaram, comparadas com as que deram outras razões. Quase metade das mulheres que abortaram disse que depois, se sentiu mal emocional ou fisicamente. Entre as que não fizeram o aborto, quase dois quintos deram como motivo para isso medo das conseqüências e falta de coragem. Do total de mulheres que não abortaram, mais de quatro quintos relataram ter-se sentido bem, feliz, aliviada e não arrependida disso. Concluiu-se que, na população estudada, os fatores emocionais e sociais tiveram peso significativo no processo de decisão das mulheres de fazer ou não o aborto.