[Men's health policy]

Prevalence of and factors associated with difficult peripheral venipuncture in adult surgical patients

OBJECTIVE

To determine the prevalence of difficult venous access in adult patients admitted to a surgical unit.

METHOD

This observational prospective cohort study included 235 patients from a Brazilian hospital. Clinical data were collected by direct observation and analyzed by descriptive, inferential statistics, and multiple binomial logistic regressions. Odds ratios were also calculated.

RESULTS

Most of the patients (66.4%) were men and self-reported as white (59.2%). The prevalence of difficult intravenous access was 32.8%. Predictors of peripheral intravenous cannula insertion failure were history of difficult intravenous access and nonvisibility of the vein.

CONCLUSION

History of difficult intravenous access and a nonvisible venous network were significant predictors of peripheral cannula insertion failure in adults undergoing clinical surgery. The prevalence of difficult intravenous access was 32.8%.

Stages of change for leisure time physical activity in Brazilian adults: longitudinal study

The objective of this study was to analyze the maintenance of and movement between stages of change for leisure time physical activity (LTPA) after four years and the association with sociodemographic characteristics. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with 1,180 individuals aged 40 years or over in 2011. In 2015, 885 participants were reinterviewed. The dependent variables were the maintenance of and movement between stages of change for LTPA behavior. The data was analyzed using adjusted Poisson regression. We found that around 40% of the study participants were still at the same stage they were at in the first assessment, while 31.6% had relapsed and 27% had advanced at least one stage. The stages that showed the highest frequencies were remained in precontemplation and maintenance. The risk of remaining at the precontemplation stage was higher among men (RR=1.59; 95%CI:1.21-2.11), respondents aged ≥60 years (RR=1.35; 95%CI:1.03-1.78), those with a lower level of education (RR=1.24; 95%CI:1.04-2.33), and those from economic classes C and D/E (RR=1.71; 95%CI:1.17-2.49 and RR=1.88; 95%CI:1.12-3.18, respectively). The frequency of individuals who remained at the maintenance stage was significantly lower in economic classes D/E than in classes A/B (RR=0.35; 95%CI:0.14-0.87).

COMPORTAMENTOS DE RISCOS À SAÚDE DE HOMENS DA REGIÃO SUL DO BRASIL

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a prevalência de comportamentos de riscos à saúde e associar com características sociodemográficas. Método: estudo transversal, do tipo inquérito domiciliar, desenvolvido mediante aplicação de instrumentos estruturados, com 421 homens adultos, selecionados a partir de amostragem aleatória sistemática. Foram realizadas a análise univariada e a análise múltipla, por meio de Regressão Logística. Resultados: idade entre 40 e 50 anos e as classes econômicas B e C associaram-se ao consumo abusivo de álcool (30,4%); renda de 2,1 a 4,0 salários mínimos, escolaridade superior e ter religião ao tabagismo (19,5%); trabalhar, estar empregado e ter ensino médio/superior à atividade física insuficiente (86,2%); não trabalhar, renda maior que seis salários e não ter plano de saúde à dieta inadequada (39,2%); não ter companheira, religião e ser empregado à situação vacinal inadequada (24,9%); idade entre 50 e 59 anos, estar aposentado/licença médica e ter plano de saúde à não realização de exames (42,3%); renda maior que seis salários e classe econômica C a não realização de lazer (36,3%). Conclusão: os comportamentos de risco à saúde estão associados a diferentes fatores a serem considerados na atenção aos homens.

Mortality and years of life lost by colorectal cancer attributable to physical inactivity in Brazil (1990-2015): Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study

INTRODUCTION

The aims of this study were to estimate all-cause and cause-specific mortality and years of life lost, investigated by disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), due to colorectal cancer attributable to physical inactivity in Brazil and in the states; to analyze the temporal trend of these estimates over 25 years (1990-2015) compared with global estimates and according to the socioeconomic status of states of Brazil.

METHODS

Databases from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) for Brazil, Brazilian states and global information were used. It was estimated the total number and the age-standardized rates of deaths and DALYs for colorectal cancer attributable to physical inactivity in the years 1990 and 2015. We used the Socioeconomic Development Index (SDI).

RESULTS

Physical inactivity was responsible for a substantial number of deaths (1990: 1,302; 2015: 119,351) and DALYs (1990: 31,121; 2015: 87,116) due to colorectal cancer in Brazil. From 1990 to 2015, the mortality and DALYs due to colorectal cancer attributable to physical inactivity increased in Brazil (0.6% and 0.6%, respectively) and decreased around the world (-0.8% and -1.1%, respectively). The Brazilian states with better socioeconomic indicators had higher rates of mortality and morbidity by colorectal cancer due to physical inactivity (p<0.01). Physical inactivity was responsible for deaths and DALYs due to colorectal cancer in Brazil.

CONCLUSIONS

Over 25 years, the Brazilian population showed more worrisome results than around the world. Actions to combat physical inactivity and greater cancer screening and treatment are urgent in the Brazilian states.

Gender inequalities in external cause mortality in Brazil, 2010

Objective: To estimate mortality rate by external causes in Brazil.Methods: Mortality national 2010's data corrected by underreport and adjusted by direct method were evaluated by sex according to age, region of residence, race/skin color, education and conjugal situation.Results: The standardized mortality coefficient of external causes is higher among men (178 per thousand inhabitants) than among women (24 per thousand inhabitants), being higher among young men (20 to 29 years old) in all regions and decreasing with aging. The mortality rate reaches almost nine times higher among men comparably to women, being higher in North and Northeast regions. The death incidence by external causes is higher among men (36.4%) than among women (10.9%), meaning 170% more risk for men. The risk is also higher among the youngest: 6.00 for men and 7.36 for women. The main kind of death by external causes among men is aggressions, followed by transport accidents, the opposite of women.Conclusions: Besides sex, age is the more important predictive factor of precocious death by external causes, pointing the need of many and various sectors in order to construct new identities of non violence.