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Carvalho L, Sarcinelli M, Patrício B. Nanotechnological approaches in the treatment of schistosomiasis: an overview. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 15:13-25. [PMID: 38213572 PMCID: PMC10777326 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis causes over 200,000 deaths annually. The current treatment option, praziquantel, presents limitations, including low bioavailability and resistance. In this context, nanoparticles have emerged as a promising option for improving schistosomiasis treatment. Several narrative reviews have been published on this topic. Unfortunately, the lack of clear methodologies presented in these reviews leads to the exclusion of many important studies without apparent justification. This integrative review aims to examine works published in this area with a precise and reproducible method. To achieve this, three databases (i.e., Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus) were searched from March 31, 2022, to March 31, 2023. The search results included only original research articles that used nanoparticles smaller than 1 µm in the treatment context. Additionally, a search was conducted in the references of the identified articles to retrieve works that could not be found solely using the original search formula. As a result, 65 articles that met the established criteria were identified. Inorganic and polymeric nanoparticles were the most prevalent nanosystems used. Gold was the primary material used to produce inorganic nanoparticles, while poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and chitosan were commonly used to produce polymeric nanoparticles. None of these identified works presented results in the clinical phase. Finally, based on our findings, the outlook appears favorable, as there is a significant diversity of new substances with schistosomicidal potential. However, financial efforts are required to advance these nanoformulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Carvalho
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Industrial Pharmaceutical Technology, Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Michelle Sarcinelli
- Post-Graduate Program in Industrial Pharmaceutical Technology, Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Patrício
- Post-Graduate Program in Industrial Pharmaceutical Technology, Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Pharmaceutical and Technological Innovation Laboratory - Department of Physiological Sciences, Biomedical Institute, R. Frei Caneca, 94, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Hamdan BZK, Soliman MI, Taha HA, Khalil MMH, Nigm AH. Antischistosomal effects of green and chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles: in vitro and in vivo murine model. Acta Trop 2023:106952. [PMID: 37236335 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases in Africa, caused by blood fluke, Schistosoma sp. The use of nanotechnology in the treatment of this type of disease is urgently important to avoid the unwanted side effects of chemotherapy. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of green silver nanoparticles (G-AgNPs), fabricated by (Calotropis procera), comparing with both chemically prepared silver ones (C-AgNPs) and Praziquantel (PZQ) treatments. The study included in vitro and in vivo evaluations. In in vitro study, 4 groups of schistosome worms were exposed to treatments as follows: the first one with a dose of PZQ (0.2 µg/ml), the 2nd and 3rd groups with different concentrations of G-AgNPs and C-AgNPs, respectively and the last one act as a negative control group. In in vivo study, six groups of mice were infected and then treated as follows: the first one with a dose of PZQ, the second with G-AgNPs, the third with C-AgNPs, the fourth with G-AgNPs plus a half dose of PZQ, the fifth with C-AgNPs accompanied by a half dose of PZQ, and the last group acted as a positive control group. The parasitological (worm burden, egg count & oogram) and histopathological parameters (hepatic granuloma profile) were used to evaluate antischistosomal activities in experimental groups. Additionally, the subsequent ultrastructural alterations were observed in adult worms using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that G-AgNPs and C-AgNPs have 8-25 and 8-11 nm in diameter, respectively, besides, fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR) revealed the presence of organic compounds (aromatic ring groups) which act as capping agents around the surfaces of biogenic silver nanoparticles. In in vitro experiment, adult worms incubated either with G-AgNPs or C-AgNPs at concentrations higher than 100 µg/ml or 80 µg/ml, respectively, showed full mortality of parasites after 24 h. In the infected treated groups (with G-AgNPs plus PZQ & C-AgNPs plus PZQ) showed the most significant reduction in the total worm burdens (92.17% & 90.52%, respectively). Combined treatment with C-AgNPs and PZQ showed the highest value of dead eggs (93,6%), followed by G-AgNPs plus PZQ-treated one (91%). This study showed that mice treated with G-AgNPs plus PZQ significantly has the highest percentage of reduction in granuloma size and count (64.59%, 70.14%, respectively). Both G-AgNPs plus PZQ-treated & C-AgNPs plus PZQ treated groups showed the highest similar values of reduction percentage of total ova count in tissues (98.90% & 98.62%, respectively). Concerning SEM, G-AgNPs-treated worms showed more variability in ultrastructural alterations than G-AgNPs plus PZQ-treated one, besides, worms treated with C-AgNPs plus PZQ exhibited the maximum level of contractions or (shrinkage) as a major impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- By Zeyad K Hamdan
- Department of Biology, College of Pure Science Education, Tikrit University, Iraq
| | | | - Hoda A Taha
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M H Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Nigm
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Egypt.
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Qadeer A, Ullah H, Sohail M, Safi SZ, Rahim A, Saleh TA, Arbab S, Slama P, Horky P. Potential application of nanotechnology in the treatment, diagnosis, and prevention of schistosomiasis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1013354. [PMID: 36568300 PMCID: PMC9780462 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1013354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases that affect millions of people worldwide. Globally, it affects economically poor countries, typically due to a lack of proper sanitation systems, and poor hygiene conditions. Currently, no vaccine is available against schistosomiasis, and the preferred treatment is chemotherapy with the use of praziquantel. It is a common anti-schistosomal drug used against all known species of Schistosoma. To date, current treatment primarily the drug praziquantel has not been effective in treating Schistosoma species in their early stages. The drug of choice offers low bioavailability, water solubility, and fast metabolism. Globally drug resistance has been documented due to overuse of praziquantel, Parasite mutations, poor treatment compliance, co-infection with other strains of parasites, and overall parasitic load. The existing diagnostic methods have very little acceptability and are not readily applied for quick diagnosis. This review aims to summarize the use of nanotechnology in the treatment, diagnosis, and prevention. It also explored safe and effective substitute approaches against parasitosis. At this stage, various nanomaterials are being used in drug delivery systems, diagnostic kits, and vaccine production. Nanotechnology is one of the modern and innovative methods to treat and diagnose several human diseases, particularly those caused by parasite infections. Herein we highlight the current advancement and application of nanotechnological approaches regarding the treatment, diagnosis, and prevention of schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qadeer
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hanif Ullah
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Sher Zaman Safi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan,Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing MAHSA University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdur Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan,*Correspondence: Abdur Rahim, ; Petr Slama, ; Pavel Horky,
| | - Tawfik A Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safia Arbab
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Petr Slama
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia,*Correspondence: Abdur Rahim, ; Petr Slama, ; Pavel Horky,
| | - Pavel Horky
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia,*Correspondence: Abdur Rahim, ; Petr Slama, ; Pavel Horky,
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Ossai EC, Eze AA, Ogugofor MO. Plant-derived compounds for the treatment of schistosomiasis: Improving efficacy via nano-drug delivery. Niger J Clin Pract 2022; 25:747-764. [DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_1322_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Sepúlveda-Crespo D, Reguera RM, Rojo-Vázquez F, Balaña-Fouce R, Martínez-Valladares M. Drug discovery technologies: Caenorhabditis elegans as a model for anthelmintic therapeutics. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:1715-1753. [PMID: 32166776 DOI: 10.1002/med.21668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Helminthiasis is one of the gravest problems worldwide. There is a growing concern on less available anthelmintics and the emergence of resistance creating a major threat to human and livestock health resources. Novel and broad-spectrum anthelmintics are urgently needed. The free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans could address this issue through automated high-throughput technologies for the screening of large chemical libraries. This review discusses the strong advantages and limitations for using C elegans as a screening method for anthelmintic drug discovery. C elegans is the best model available for the validation of novel effective drugs in treating most, if not all, helminth infections, and for the elucidation the mode of action of anthelmintic candidates. This review also focuses on available technologies in the discovery of anthelmintics published over the last 15 years with particular attention to high-throughput technologies over conventional screens. On the other hand, this review highlights how combinatorial and nanomedicine strategies could prolong the use of anthelmintics and control resistance problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sepúlveda-Crespo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Rosa M Reguera
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Francisco Rojo-Vázquez
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), León, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Rafael Balaña-Fouce
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - María Martínez-Valladares
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), León, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
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Li P, Rios Coronado PE, Longstaff XRR, Tarashansky AJ, Wang B. Nanomedicine Approaches Against Parasitic Worm Infections. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701494. [PMID: 29602254 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine approaches have the potential to transform the battle against parasitic worm (helminth) infections, a major global health scourge from which billions are currently suffering. It is anticipated that the intersection of two currently disparate fields, nanomedicine and helminth biology, will constitute a new frontier in science and technology. This progress report surveys current innovations in these research fields and discusses research opportunities. In particular, the focus is on: (1) major challenges that helminth infections impose on mankind; (2) key aspects of helminth biology that inform future research directions; (3) efforts to construct nanodelivery platforms to target drugs and genes to helminths hidden in their hosts; (4) attempts in applying nanotechnology to enable vaccination against helminth infections; (5) outlooks in utilizing nanoparticles to enhance immunomodulatory activities of worm-derived factors to cure allergy and autoimmune diseases. In each section, achievements are summarized, limitations are explored, and future directions are assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyang Li
- Department of Bioengineering; Stanford University; Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | | | | | | | - Bo Wang
- Department of Bioengineering; Stanford University; Stanford CA 94305 USA
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Tomiotto-Pellissier F, Miranda-Sapla MM, Machado LF, Bortoleti BTDS, Sahd CS, Chagas AF, Assolini JP, Oliveira FJDA, Pavanelli WR, Conchon-Costa I, Costa IN, Melanda FN. Nanotechnology as a potential therapeutic alternative for schistosomiasis. Acta Trop 2017; 174:64-71. [PMID: 28668252 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a neglected disease that affects millions of people worldwide, recognized as the most important human helminth infection in terms of morbidity and mortality. The treatment of choice presents low bioavailability and water solubility, in addition to the induction of parasite resistance. In this context, researchers have been conducting studies seeking to develop new drugs to ensure safety, quality, and efficacy against this parasitosis. In this scenario, nanotechnology arises including the drug delivery systems in nanoscale: nanoemulsions, liposomes and nanoparticles. These drug delivery systems have been extensively applied for in vitro and in vivo studies against Schistosoma spp. with promising results. This review pointed out the most relevant development scenarios regarding the treatment of schistosomiasis as well as the application of nanotechnology as a vaccine, highlighting the use of nanotechnology as an alternative therapy for both the repositioning of drugs and the use of new pharmaceutical products, with promising results regarding the aforementioned disease.
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da Silva VBR, Campos BRKL, de Oliveira JF, Decout JL, do Carmo Alves de Lima M. Medicinal chemistry of antischistosomal drugs: Praziquantel and oxamniquine. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:3259-3277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Melo CMLD, de Lima ALR, Beltrão EIC, Cavalcanti CCB, de Melo-Júnior MR, Montenegro SML, Coelho LCBB, Correia MTDS, Carneiro-Leão AMDA. Potential effects of Cramoll 1,4 lectin on murine Schistosomiasis mansoni. Acta Trop 2011; 118:152-8. [PMID: 21333623 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cratylia mollis is a natural forage plant from the Northeast of Brazil. C. mollis seed lectin (Cramoll) containing molecular forms 1 and 4 (Cramoll 1,4) has shown anti-inflammatory and wound-healing activities. This work analyzed the effect of Cramoll 1,4 on experimental schistosomiasis in mice. Experimental groups (n=15/group) were composed of female albino Swiss mice, which were subcutaneously and caudally infected with Schistosoma mansoni (BH strain, 100 cercariae/mouse) and were treated with an intraperitoneal dose after infection as follows: (1) Cramoll 1,4 (50 mg kg(-1) single dose - after 40 days of infection), (2) Cramoll 1,4 (7 mg kg(-1) daily dose - for 7 days after infection) and control (untreated mice). Mice were sacrificed 8 weeks after infection and adult worms were recovered from the portal-hepatic system. Livers were fixed in 10% (v/v) formaldehyde/0.15M NaCl and tissue sections were processed for haematoxilin and Masson's trichrome stainings. Mice infected subcutaneously harboured no or very few worms and hence the effect of Cramoll 1,4 could not be assessed. Results (P≤0.05) were obtained with Cramoll 1,4 using the two treatments, with reduction of: egg excretion (79 and 80%), adult worm recovery (71 and 79%) and liver granulomas (40 and 73.5%) in relation to control. This study showed the potential anti-helminthic activity of Cramoll 1,4 when tested against Schistosomiasis mansoni infection in mice.
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de Araújo SC, de Mattos ACA, Teixeira HF, Coelho PMZ, Nelson DL, de Oliveira MC. Improvement of in vitro efficacy of a novel schistosomicidal drug by incorporation into nanoemulsions. Int J Pharm 2007; 337:307-15. [PMID: 17292573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2006] [Revised: 01/02/2007] [Accepted: 01/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this article included the development and evaluation of the capacity of nanoemulsions to improve the activity of the novel schistosomicidal drug-2-(butylamino)-1-phenyl-1-ethanethiosulfuric acid (BphEA). BphEA is a compound with a poor solubility in water, which makes its application as a drug difficult. Nanoemulsion formulations presenting anionic (NANOSTOA, NANOST and NANOLP) and cationic (NANOSTE) interfacial charges were prepared to encapsulate BphEA. These formulations were characterized by the encapsulation rate, diameter, and zeta potential. NANOSTOA, NANOST, and NANOLP presented an entrapment efficiency and zeta potential of 18.7+/-1.8% and -33.6+/-1.2 mV; 20.5+/-3.0% and -31.5+/-5.7 mV; as well as 33.8+/-7.2% and -62.6+/-1.3 mV, respectively. NANOSTE presented an entrapment efficiency of 51.8+/-5.0% and a zeta potential of 25.7+/-3.9 mV. The mean droplet size (between 200 and 252 nm) and polydispersity index (between 0.158 and 0.294) were similar for all formulations. The stability study showed no alteration in these formulations' zeta potential and size. The in vitro schistosomicidal activity of BphEA was higher with the use of NANOSTE than with free BphEA. In addition, release studies revealed a good stability of NANOSTE containing BphEA in a biological medium. These results indicate that cationic nanoemulsions can represent an interesting delivery system for the pharmaceutical formulation of BphEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sávia Caldeira de Araújo
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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de Melo AL, Silva-Barcellos NM, Demicheli C, Frézard F. Enhanced schistosomicidal efficacy of tartar emetic encapsulated in pegylated liposomes. Int J Pharm 2003; 255:227-30. [PMID: 12672618 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(03)00125-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of liposomes to improve the efficacy of tartar emetic (TA) against established Schistosoma mansoni infection. TA was used as a schistosomicidal drug model and both conventional liposomes (CL) and long-circulating pegylated liposomes (LCL) were evaluated. In the first experiment, TA, either free or encapsulated within CL or LCL, was given intraperitoneally (i.p.) as a single dose of 11 mg Sb/kg to mice experimentally infected with S. mansoni. Only the group treated with LCL showed a significant (55%) reduction in the worm burden, compared to the control groups (untreated or treated with empty LCL). In the second experiment, the efficacy of TA-containing LCL was evaluated at a higher dose (27 mg Sb/kg) by both subcutaneous (s.c.) and i.p. routes. Reduction levels of 67 and 82% were achieved by s.c. and i.p. routes, respectively. Strikingly, all mice survived to this high dose of antimony. This is in contrast with free TA that was lethal in 100% of mice at the same dose. The present work demonstrates that LCL reduce the acute toxicity of TA and effectively deliver this drug to S. mansoni during the late stages of parasite infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan L de Melo
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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