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Abioye OE, Osunla CA, Nontongana N, Okoh AI. Occurrence of virulence determinants in vibrio cholerae, vibrio mimicus, vibrio alginolyticus, and vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from important water resources of Eastern Cape, South Africa. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:316. [PMID: 37891478 PMCID: PMC10612165 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virulence determinants are crucial to the risk assessment of pathogens in an environment. This study investigated the presence of eleven key virulence-associated genes in Vibrio cholerae (n = 111) and Vibrio mimicus (n = 22) and eight virulence determinants in Vibrio alginolyticus (n = 65) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (n = 17) isolated from six important water resources in Eastern Cape, South Africa, using PCR techniques. The multiple virulence gene indexes (MVGI) for sampling sites and isolates as well as hotspots for potential vibriosis outbreaks among sampling sites were determined statistically based on the comparison of MVGI. RESULT The PCR assay showed that all the V. cholerae isolates belong to non-O1/non-O139 serogroups. Of the isolates, Vibrio Cholera (84%), V. mimicus (73%), V. alginolyticus (91%) and V. parahaemolyticus (100%) isolates harboured at least one of the virulence-associated genes investigated. The virulence gene combinations detected in isolates varied at sampling site and across sites. Typical virulence-associated determinants of V. cholerae were detected in V. mimicus while that of V. parahaemolyticus were detected in V. alginolyticus. The isolates with the highest MVGI were recovered from three estuaries (Sunday river, Swartkopps river, buffalo river) and a freshwater resource (Lashinton river). The cumulative MVGI for V. cholerae, V. mimicus, V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus isolates were 0.34, 0.20, 0.45, and 0.40 respectively. The targeted Vibrio spp. in increasing order of the public health risk posed in our study areas based on the MVGI is V. alginolyticus > V. parahaemolyticus > V. cholerae > V. mimicus. Five (sites SR, PA5, PA6, EL4 and EL6) out of the seventeen sampling sites were detected as the hotspots for potential cholera-like infection and vibriosis outbreaks. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that humans having contact with water resources in our study areas are exposed to potential public health risks owing to the detection of virulent determinants in human pathogenic Vibrio spp. recovered from the water resources. The study affirms the relevancy of environmental Vibrio species to the epidemiology of vibriosis, cholera and cholera-like infections. Hence we suggest a monitoring program for human pathogenic Vibrio spp. in the environment most especially surface water that humans have contact with regularly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles A Osunla
- Department of Microbiology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria
| | - Nolonwabo Nontongana
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
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Draft Genome Sequences of 13 Vibrio cholerae Strains from the Rio Grande Delta. Microbiol Resour Announc 2021; 10:e0030821. [PMID: 34080905 PMCID: PMC8354537 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00308-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is the etiologic agent of cholera, an acute and often fatal diarrheal disease that affects millions globally. We report the draft genome sequences of 13 non-O1/O139 V. cholerae strains isolated from the Rio Grande Delta in Texas. These genomes will aid future analyses of environmental serovars.
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Ballal M, Shetty V, Bangera SR, Mukhopadhyay A, Chowdhury G, Samanta P, Prabhu A, Anusha HC. Vibrio cholerae O6 gastroenteritis in a patient with lupus nephritis - a report from coastal Karnataka, South India. JMM Case Rep 2019; 6:e005171. [PMID: 30863548 PMCID: PMC6412036 DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.005171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vibrio cholerae O1 strains are responsible for pandemics of cholera and major epidemics in the world. All the remaining V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 strains are less virulent and are responsible for sporadic cases of gastroenteritis. These non-O1/non-O139 serogroups have more than 200 somatic antigens, and mostly lack cholera toxin and toxin co-regulated pilus encoding genes. Toxigenic and non-toxigenic non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae have caused several diarrhoeal outbreaks in India and other countries. Acute gastroenteritis is the typical clinical sign and symptom of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae infection for both periodical and outbreak cases; in contrast, these V. cholerae are rarely associated with extraintestinal infections. Case presentation Here, we present a case of a 27-year-old female with underlying kidney disease (lupus nephritis) presenting with loose stools, vomiting and fever. V. cholerae O6 was isolated from a faecal sample, which was positive for hlyA and the type III secretion system. The present case is, to the best of our knowledge, the first such case to be reported from South India. Conclusion The V. cholerae O6 associated with autoimmune disease in the present study demonstrates the role of this pathogen in acute gastroenteritis, and if it is left undiagnosed it can lead to septicaemia and other complications. The pathogenic mechanisms of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae are multivariate, virulence factors being naturally present in these strains. Therefore, further epidemiological studies are necessary to determine the virulence factors and their pathogenic mechanisms. Non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae can undoubtedly be the cause of diarrhoea and it would be important to extend bacteriological identification in this line as well as in all cases of gastroenteritis of unknown aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamatha Ballal
- Enteric Diseases Division, Central Research Lab, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vignesh Shetty
- Enteric Diseases Division, Central Research Lab, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sohan Rodney Bangera
- Enteric Diseases Division, Central Research Lab, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Asish Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India
| | - Goutam Chowdhury
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India
| | - Prosenjit Samanta
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India
| | - Akshata Prabhu
- Enteric Diseases Division, Central Research Lab, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - H C Anusha
- Enteric Diseases Division, Central Research Lab, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Genotyping of Vibrio cholera for Virulence Factors in Diwaniyah City - Iraq. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.12.2.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Ferdous J, Sultana R, Rashid RB, Tasnimuzzaman M, Nordland A, Begum A, Jensen PKM. A Comparative Analysis of Vibrio cholerae Contamination in Point-of-Drinking and Source Water in a Low-Income Urban Community, Bangladesh. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:489. [PMID: 29616005 PMCID: PMC5867346 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bangladesh is a cholera endemic country with a population at high risk of cholera. Toxigenic and non-toxigenic Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) can cause cholera and cholera-like diarrheal illness and outbreaks. Drinking water is one of the primary routes of cholera transmission in Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative assessment of the presence of V. cholerae between point-of-drinking water and source water, and to investigate the variability of virulence profile using molecular methods of a densely populated low-income settlement of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Water samples were collected and tested for V. cholerae from "point-of-drinking" and "source" in 477 study households in routine visits at 6 week intervals over a period of 14 months. We studied the virulence profiles of V. cholerae positive water samples using 22 different virulence gene markers present in toxigenic O1/O139 and non-O1/O139 V. cholerae using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 1,463 water samples were collected, with 1,082 samples from point-of-drinking water in 388 households and 381 samples from 66 water sources. V. cholerae was detected in 10% of point-of-drinking water samples and in 9% of source water samples. Twenty-three percent of households and 38% of the sources were positive for V. cholerae in at least one visit. Samples collected from point-of-drinking and linked sources in a 7 day interval showed significantly higher odds (P < 0.05) of V. cholerae presence in point-of-drinking compared to source [OR = 17.24 (95% CI = 7.14-42.89)] water. Based on the 7 day interval data, 53% (17/32) of source water samples were negative for V. cholerae while linked point-of-drinking water samples were positive. There were significantly higher odds (p < 0.05) of the presence of V. cholerae O1 [OR = 9.13 (95% CI = 2.85-29.26)] and V. cholerae O139 [OR = 4.73 (95% CI = 1.19-18.79)] in source water samples than in point-of-drinking water samples. Contamination of water at the point-of-drinking is less likely to depend on the contamination at the water source. Hygiene education interventions and programs should focus and emphasize on water at the point-of-drinking, including repeated cleaning of drinking vessels, which is of paramount importance in preventing cholera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannatul Ferdous
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Section for Global Health, Department of Public Health, Copenhagen Center for Disaster Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rebeca Sultana
- Section for Global Health, Department of Public Health, Copenhagen Center for Disaster Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Institute of Health Economics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ridwan B Rashid
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tasnimuzzaman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Andreas Nordland
- Section for Global Health, Department of Public Health, Copenhagen Center for Disaster Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anowara Begum
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Peter K M Jensen
- Section for Global Health, Department of Public Health, Copenhagen Center for Disaster Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Menezes FGRD, Neves SDS, Sousa OVD, Vila-Nova CMVM, Maggioni R, Theophilo GND, Hofer E, Vieira RHSDF. Detection of virulence genes in environmental strains of Vibrio cholerae from estuaries in northeastern Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2015; 56:427-32. [PMID: 25229224 PMCID: PMC4172115 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652014000500010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to detect the presence of
Vibrio cholerae in tropical estuaries (Northeastern
Brazil) and to search for virulence factors in the environmental isolates.
Water and sediment samples were inoculated onto a vibrio-selective medium
(TCBS), and colonies with morphological resemblance to V.
cholerae were isolated. The cultures were identified phenotypically
using a dichotomous key based on biochemical characteristics. The total DNA
extracted was amplified by PCR to detect ompW and by multiplex
PCR to detect the virulence genes ctx, tcp,
zot and rfbO1. The results of the
phenotypic and genotypic identification were compared. Nine strains of
V. cholerae were identified phenotypically, five of which
were confirmed by detection of the species-specific gene ompW.
The dichotomous key was efficient at differentiating environmental strains of
V. cholerae. Strains of V. cholerae were
found in all four estuaries, but none possessed virulence genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soraya da Silva Neves
- Federal University of Ceará, Department of Fisheries Engineering, Campus Universitário do Pici, UFC, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Maggioni
- Marine Sciences Institute (LABOMAR), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Ernesto Hofer
- The Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Morais LLCDS, Garza DR, Loureiro ECB, Vale ER, Santos DSADS, Corrêa VC, Sousa NR, Gurjão TCM, Santos ECDO, Vieira VV, da Fonseca EL, Vicente ACP. Population and genetic study of Vibrio cholerae from the amazon environment confirms that the WASA-1 prophage is the main marker of the epidemic strain that circulated in the region. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81372. [PMID: 24303045 PMCID: PMC3841125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is a natural inhabitant of many aquatic environments in the world. Biotypes harboring similar virulence-related gene clusters are the causative agents of epidemic cholera, but the majority of strains are harmless to humans. Since 1971, environmental surveillance for potentially pathogenic V. cholerae has resulted in the isolation of many strains from the Brazilian Amazon aquatic ecosystem. Most of these strains are from the non-O1/non-O139 serogroups (NAGs), but toxigenic O1 strains were isolated during the Latin America cholera epidemic in the region (1991-1996). A collection of environmental V. cholerae strains from the Brazilian Amazon belonging to pre-epidemic (1977-1990), epidemic (1991-1996), and post-epidemic (1996-2007) periods in the region, was analyzed. The presence of genes related to virulence within the species and the genetic relationship among the strains were studied. These variables and the information available concerning the strains were used to build a Bayesian multivariate dependency model to distinguish the importance of each variable in determining the others. Some genes related to the epidemic strains were found in environmental NAGs during and after the epidemic. Significant diversity among the virulence-related gene content was observed among O1 strains isolated from the environment during the epidemic period, but not from clinical isolates, which were analyzed as controls. Despite this diversity, these strains exhibited similar PFGE profiles. PFGE profiles were significant while separating potentially epidemic clones from indigenous strains. No significant correlation with isolation source, place or period was observed. The presence of the WASA-1 prophage significantly correlated with serogroups, PFGE profiles, and the presence of virulence-related genes. This study provides a broad characterization of the environmental V. cholerae population from the Amazon, and also highlights the importance of identifying precisely defined genetic markers such as the WASA-1 prophage for the surveillance of cholera.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Rios Garza
- Environmental Section of the Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Nayara Rufino Sousa
- Environmental Section of the Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Verônica Viana Vieira
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Microorganisms, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Erica Lourenço da Fonseca
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Microorganisms, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Paulo Vicente
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Microorganisms, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Octavia S, Salim A, Kurniawan J, Lam C, Leung Q, Ahsan S, Reeves PR, Nair GB, Lan R. Population structure and evolution of non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae by multilocus sequence typing. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65342. [PMID: 23776471 PMCID: PMC3679125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae strains can cause sporadic outbreaks of cholera worldwide. In this study, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of seven housekeeping genes was applied to 55 non-O1/non-O139 isolates from clinical and environmental sources. Data from five published O1 isolates and 17 genomes were also included, giving a total of 77 isolates available for analysis. There were 66 sequence types (STs), with the majority being unique, and only three clonal complexes. The V. cholerae strains can be divided into four subpopulations with evidence of recombination among the subpopulations. Subpopulations I and III contained predominantly clinical strains. PCR screening for virulence factors including Vibrio pathogenicity island (VPI), cholera toxin prophage (CTXΦ), type III secretion system (T3SS), and enterotoxin genes (rtxA and sto/stn) showed that combinations of these factors were present in the clinical isolates with 85.7% having rtxA, 51.4% T3SS, 31.4% VPI, 31.4% sto/stn (NAG-ST) and 11.4% CTXΦ. These factors were also present in environmental isolates but at a lower frequency. Five strains previously mis-identified as V. cholerae serogroups O114 to O117 were also analysed and formed a separate population with V. mimicus. The MLST scheme developed in this study provides a framework to identify sporadic cholera isolates by genetic identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Octavia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anna Salim
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jacob Kurniawan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Connie Lam
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Queenie Leung
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sunjukta Ahsan
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter R. Reeves
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - G. Balakrish Nair
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Ruiting Lan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Luo Y, Ye J, Jin D, Ding G, Zhang Z, Mei L, Octavia S, Lan R. Molecular analysis of non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae isolated from hospitalised patients in China. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:52. [PMID: 23497008 PMCID: PMC3605376 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholera is still a significant public health issue in developing countries. The aetiological agent is Vibrio cholerae and only two serogroups, O1 and O139, are known to cause pandemic or epidemic cholera. In contrast, non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae has only been reported to cause sporadic cholera-like illness and localised outbreaks. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae isolates from hospitalised diarrhoeal patients in Zhejiang Province, China. RESULTS In an active surveillance of enteric pathogens in hospitalised diarrhoeal patients, nine non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae isolates were identified from 746 diarrhoeal stool samples at a rate of 1.2%. These isolates and an additional 31 isolates from sporadic cases and three outbreaks were analysed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). PFGE divided the isolates into 25 PFGE types while MLST divided them into 15 sequence types (STs). A single ST, ST80, was predominant which persisted over several years in different cities and caused two outbreaks in recent years. Antibiotic resistance varied with the majority of the isolates resistant to sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim and nearly all isolates either resistant or intermediate to erythromycin and rifampicin. None of the isolates carried the cholera toxin genes or toxin co-regulated pilus genes but the majority carried a type III secretion system as the key virulence factor. CONCLUSIONS Non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae is an important contributor to diarrhoeal infections in China. Resistance to commonly used antibiotics limits treatment options. Continuous surveillance of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae is important for control and prevention of diarrhoeal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Luo
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Mendes-Marques CL, Silveira Filho VDM, da Costa APR, Nunes MDL, da Silva Filho SV, Figueirôa ÂCTDA, Hofer E, de Almeida AMP, Leal NC. The aquatic environment as a reservoir of Vibrio cholerae O1 in hydrographic basins of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:746254. [PMID: 23533357 PMCID: PMC3600343 DOI: 10.1155/2013/746254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
After the worldwide cholera epidemic in 1993, permanent environmental monitoring of hydrographic basins was established in Pernambuco, Brazil, where cholera is endemic. After a quiescent period, 4 rfbN (serogroup O1) positive water samples that were culture negative were detected by multiplex single-tube nested PCR (MSTNPCR); 2 of these were also ctxA (cholera toxin) positive. From May to June 2012, 30 V. cholerae O1 isolates were obtained by culturing samples. These isolates were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes by PCR, intergenic spacer region 16S-23S PCR (ISR-PCR), and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The isolates were positive for the rfbN gene and negative for the assessed pathogenic genes and were classified into 2 groups by ISR and the same profile by PFGE. Close genetic similarity was observed between them (2012) and environmental strains from 2004 to 2005, indicating the permanence of endemic V. cholerae O1 in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques
- Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, FIOCRUZ-PE, Avendia Professor Moraes Rego, s/n. Cidade Universitária, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Bhowmick TS, Das M, Sarkar BL. Genotypic characterization of Vibrio cholerae isolates using several DNA fingerprint techniques. Future Microbiol 2011; 6:29-42. [PMID: 21162634 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.10.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Serious pandemics of cholera have occurred throughout the known history of mankind, especially in India, which is a motherland for cholera disease. For the last 20 years several DNA-based typing methods have been employed to study the clonal relatedness between Vibrio cholerae isolates irrespective of their geographical locations. Traditional typing methods, such as biochemical tests, phage typing, serotyping, biotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility tests, have produced reliable and informative data regarding V. cholerae for a long time. Gradually molecular typing techniques have taken the place of traditional typing methods because they produce the same results upon repeat testing of V. cholerae strain. In this article we focus on the discriminatory power of different DNA fingerprint techniques that are generally used to know the homogeneity and heterogeneity among different V. cholerae isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Suvra Bhowmick
- Vibrio Phage Reference Laboratory, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
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Cariri FAMO, Costa APR, Melo CC, Theophilo GND, Hofer E, de Melo Neto OP, Leal NC. Characterization of potentially virulent non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae strains isolated from human patients. Clin Microbiol Infect 2010; 16:62-7. [PMID: 19456828 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02763.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Traditional methods of typing Vibrio cholerae define virulent strains according to their recognition by sera directed against the known epidemic serogroups O1 and O139, overlooking potentially virulent non-O1/non-O139 strains. Here, we have undertaken the characterization of eight clinical isolates of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae, collected during cholera outbreaks in Brazil. Seven of these were typed as O26 and one, 17155, was defined as non-typable. A PCR-based approach has previously detected in these strains several virulence genes derived from the CTXvarphi prophage and generally associated with pathogenic strains. Here, the presence of the O1-specific wbeN gene was investigated through PCR and found to be restricted to strain 17155, as well as one of the O26 strains, 4756, although neither strain was recognized by O1-specific antisera. The same two isolates were the only strains able to express the cholera toxin in culture, assayed by western blotting. They also possessed four repeats of the heptanucleotide TTTTGAT upstream of the ctxAB genes encoding the cholera toxin. The remaining strains possessed only two intact repeats, whereas pathogenic O1 possessed four to six repeats. To define their evolutionary relationships, selected 16S-23S intergenic rRNA spacer regions were sequenced from the various strains and the resulting sequences used to build phylogenetic trees. Strains 4756 and 17155 always clustered with control O1 strains, whereas the remaining O26 strains clustered separately. These results confirm that, despite their serological phenotype, these two strains are genotypically related to O1 strains and potentially able to produce epidemic cholera.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A M O Cariri
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães/Fiocruz, Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Campus UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
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