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de Paula Menezes R, de Oliveira Melo SG, Bessa MAS, Silva FF, Alves PGV, Araújo LB, Penatti MPA, Abdallah VOS, von Dollinger de Brito Röder D, Dos Santos Pedroso R. Candidemia by Candida parapsilosis in a neonatal intensive care unit: human and environmental reservoirs, virulence factors, and antifungal susceptibility. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:851-860. [PMID: 32060797 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Candida parapsilosis complex has emerged as one of the main causes of candidemia worldwide. This study aims to evaluate possible C. parapsilosis sensu stricto reservoirs in a NICU, the expression of virulence factors, and antifungal susceptibility, and to analyze their genetic and phenotypic similarity. The study included 17 isolates of C. parapsilosis: seven environmental, one from a newborn's mother, and nine samples from six newborns. We used molecular and phenotypic tests to characterize the isolates and to trace possible routes of infection. The genetic similarity was determined by random amplified polymorphic DNA. The hemolytic and DNAse activity was determined using sheep's blood and DNAse agar, biofilm production by XTT method, and the susceptibility to antifungals through microdilution methodology. Two environmental strains isolated in the same month had high similarity. The 17 isolates expressed at least one of the three virulence factors studied, and one environmental isolate was resistant to fluconazole. This study shows that environmental contamination can be an important reservoir of potentially pathogenic microorganisms, since isolates of C. parapsilosis sensu stricto collected from the hospital environment were able to express virulence factors. Therefore, we emphasized the importance of determining the transmission routes in NICU in order to detect pathogen sources and reservoirs, as well as to establish prevention measures, such as adequate disinfection of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralciane de Paula Menezes
- HealthTechnical School, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas s/no - Block 4K - 111-Campus Umuarama, Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, ZIP 38400-902, Brazil.
| | | | - Meliza Arantes Souza Bessa
- Undergraduation in Biology - Institute of Biology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Felipe Flávio Silva
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Priscila Guerino Vilela Alves
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lúcio Borges Araújo
- Mathematics College, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mário Paulo Amante Penatti
- HealthTechnical School, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas s/no - Block 4K - 111-Campus Umuarama, Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, ZIP 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Vânia Olivetti Steffen Abdallah
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Denise von Dollinger de Brito Röder
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Dos Santos Pedroso
- HealthTechnical School, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas s/no - Block 4K - 111-Campus Umuarama, Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, ZIP 38400-902, Brazil.,Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Vieira de Melo AP, Zuza-Alves DL, da Silva-Rocha WP, Ferreira Canário de Souza LB, Francisco EC, Salles de Azevedo Melo A, Maranhão Chaves G. Virulence factors of Candida spp. obtained from blood cultures of patients with candidemia attended at tertiary hospitals in Northeast Brazil. J Mycol Med 2019; 29:132-139. [PMID: 30876744 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yeasts of the Candida genus are one of the most common causes of bloodstream infections associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, mainly affecting immunocompromised patients. We aimed to identify yeasts obtained from blood cultures of patients interned at tertiary hospitals in Brazil. METHODS We evaluated some of the major virulence factors of Candida spp., including the ability to adhere to human buccal epithelial cells, biofilm formation, hemolytic and phospholipase activity. RESULTS We analyzed 70 isolates of Candida spp. obtained from March 2011 and March 2015. Candida spp. showed different peculiarities in terms of expression of virulence factors evaluated in vitro. C. albicans strains were more adherent to HBEC than all the other Candida species. C. tropicalis strains were considered strong biofilm producers. Strains belonging to the C. parapsilosis species complex were able to produce hemolysins, while C. glabrata was also able to lyse erythrocytes and to produce phospholipase. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Non-Candida albicans Candida species are also able to express virulence factors which play an important role in bloodstream infectious caused by these yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Vieira de Melo
- Natal City, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - D L Zuza-Alves
- Natal City, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - W P da Silva-Rocha
- Natal City, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - L B Ferreira Canário de Souza
- Natal City, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - E C Francisco
- São Paulo City, Laboratório Especial de Micologia, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Salles de Azevedo Melo
- São Paulo City, Laboratório Especial de Micologia, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Maranhão Chaves
- Natal City, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
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Does the use of antifungal agents in agriculture and food foster polyene resistance development? A reason for concern. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 13:40-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Brilhante RSN, Sales JA, da Silva MLQ, de Oliveira JS, Pereira LDA, Pereira-Neto WA, Cordeiro RDA, Sidrim JJC, Castelo-Branco DDSCM, Rocha MFG. Antifungal susceptibility and virulence of Candida parapsilosis species complex: an overview of their pathogenic potential. J Med Microbiol 2018; 67:903-914. [PMID: 29846153 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Antifungal resistance and several putative virulence factors have been associated with the pathogenicity of the Candida parapsilosis species complex. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antifungal susceptibility, the production of virulence factors and the pathogenicity of the C. parapsilosis complex. METHODOLOGY Overall, 49 isolates of C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, 19 C. orthopsilosis and nine C. metapsilosis were used. The planktonic and biofilm susceptibility to fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B and caspofungin was assessed using a broth microdilution assay. Finally, the production of biofilm and hydrolytic enzymes and the fungal pathogenicity against Caenorhabditis elegans were investigated.Results/Key findings. Overall, one C. orthopsilosis was resistant to caspofungin and susceptible-dose-dependent to itraconazole, the other two C. orthopsilosis were susceptible-dose-dependent to fluconazole and itraconazole, and one C. metapsilosis was susceptible-dose-dependent to azoles. A total of 67.5 % of the isolates were biofilm producers. Amphotericin B and caspofungin caused the greatest reduction in the metabolic activity and biomass of mature biofilms. Phospholipase and protease production was observed in 55.1 % of C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, 42.1 % of C. orthopsilosis and 33.3 % of C. metapsilosis isolates. Moreover, 57.9 % of C. orthopsilosis and 20.4 % of C. parapsilosis sensu stricto isolates were β-haemolytic, and all C. metapsilosis were α-haemolytic. Finally, the C. parapsilosis complex caused high mortality of C. elegans after 96 h of exposure. CONCLUSION These results reinforce the heterogeneity of these cryptic species for their antifungal susceptibility, virulence and pathogenic potential, emphasizing the relevance of monitoring these emerging pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jamille Alencar Sales
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucilene Queiroz da Silva
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jonathas Sales de Oliveira
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Lucas de Alencar Pereira
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Waldemiro Aquino Pereira-Neto
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Ricci A, Allende A, Bolton D, Chemaly M, Davies R, Girones R, Herman L, Koutsoumanis K, Lindqvist R, Nørrung B, Robertson L, Ru G, Sanaa M, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Snary E, Speybroeck N, Ter Kuile B, Threlfall J, Wahlström H, Cocconcelli PS, Klein G, Prieto Maradona M, Querol A, Peixe L, Suarez JE, Sundh I, Vlak JM, Aguilera-Gómez M, Barizzone F, Brozzi R, Correia S, Heng L, Istace F, Lythgo C, Fernández Escámez PS. Scientific Opinion on the update of the list of QPS-recommended biological agents intentionally added to food or feed as notified to EFSA. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04664. [PMID: 32625421 PMCID: PMC7010101 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
EFSA is requested to assess the safety of a broad range of biological agents in the context of notification for market authorisation as sources of food and feed additives, food enzymes and plant protection products. The qualified presumption of safety (QPS) assessment was developed to provide a harmonised generic pre-assessment to support safety risk assessments performed by EFSA's scientific Panels. The safety of unambiguously defined biological agents (at the highest taxonomic unit appropriate for the purpose for which an application is intended), and the completeness of the body of knowledge are assessed. Identified safety concerns for a taxonomic unit are, where possible and reasonable in number, reflected as 'qualifications' in connection with a recommendation for a QPS status. The list of QPS recommended biological agents was reviewed and updated in the current opinion and therefore becomes the valid list. The 2016 update reviews previously assessed microorganisms including bacteria, yeasts and viruses used for plant protection purposes following an Extensive Literature Search strategy. The taxonomic units related to the new notifications received since the 2013 QPS opinion, were periodically evaluated for a QPS status and the results published as Statements of the BIOHAZ Panel. Carnobacterium divergens, Lactobacillus diolivorans, Microbacterium imperiale, Pasteuria nishizawae, Pediococcus parvulus, Bacillus flexus, Bacillus smithii, Xanthomonas campestris and Candida cylindracea were recommended for the QPS list. All taxonomic units previously recommended for the 2013 QPS list had their status reconfirmed as well their qualifications with the exception of Pasteuria nishizawae for which the qualification was removed. The exclusion of filamentous fungi and enterococci from the QPS evaluations was reconsidered but monitoring will be maintained and the status will be re-evaluated in the next QPS Opinion update. Evaluation of bacteriophages should remain as a case-by-case procedure and should not be considered for QPS status.
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