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Ramatla TA, Mphuthi N, Ramaili T, Taioe M, Thekisoe O, Syakalima M. Molecular detection of zoonotic pathogens causing gastroenteritis in humans:
Salmonella
spp.,
Shigella
spp. and
Escherichia coli
isolated from
Rattus
species inhabiting chicken farms in North West Province, South Africa. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2022; 93:63-69. [DOI: 10.36303/jsava.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- TA Ramatla
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University,
South Africa
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University,
South Africa
| | - N Mphuthi
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University,
South Africa
| | - T Ramaili
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University,
South Africa
| | - M Taioe
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University,
South Africa
- Epidemiology, Parasites and Vectors, Agriculture Research Council, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research,
South Africa
| | - O Thekisoe
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University,
South Africa
| | - M Syakalima
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University,
South Africa
- University of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Disease Control,
Zambia
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2
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Rubio B, Guzmán J, Lera LA, García JJ. Effect of Aging Time of Squabs on Microbiological Characteristics and Quality Attributes of Their Meat. JOURNAL OF CULINARY SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15428052.2022.2073935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Rubio
- Estación Tecnológica de la Carne, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), Consejería de Agricultura, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesús Guzmán
- Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Alc. Coyoacán, Ciudad UniversitariaFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria y , Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis Alberto Lera
- Restaurante ‘LERA.’ C/ de los Conquistadores Zamoranos, Castroverde de Campos Zamora, Spain
| | - Juan José García
- Estación Tecnológica de la Carne, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), Consejería de Agricultura, Salamanca, Spain
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Nouri Gharajalar S, Shahbazi P. Distribution of oxytetracycline resistance genes in E. coli isolated from pigeon faecal samples. J Exot Pet Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Carvalho D, Kunert-Filho HC, Simoni C, de Moraes LB, Furian TQ, Borges KA, Breunig JG, Medeiros LP, Kobayashi RKT, de Brito KCT, de Brito BG. Antimicrobial susceptibility and detection of virulence-associated genes of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from domestic pigeons (Columba livia) in Brazil. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2020; 65:735-745. [PMID: 32180120 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-020-00781-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Overpopulation of domestic pigeons is considered to be one of the major problems of urban centers, as these birds are responsible for the dissemination of relevant pathogens to animal and human health. The aim of this study was to detect potentially pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in domestic pigeons captured in areas near silos used for grain and feed storage, analyzing the antimicrobial sensitivity and the presence of virulence-associated genes. We evaluated 41 pigeons. From each bird, cecal contents and a pool of viscera (heart, spleen, and liver) were collected. Fifty strains of E. coli and three strains of S. Typhimurium were isolated. The antimicrobial susceptibility assay showed that 2% of the isolates of E. coli were resistant to chloramphenicol and the combination of sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim and 4% to tetracycline, doxycycline, and sulfonamide. The three S. Typhimurium strains were sensitive to all antimicrobials tested. The pathogenicity profile demonstrated that no E. coli isolates showed a STEC compatible profile. Regarding the APEC pathotype, all genes were observed in 8% of E. coli, 6% had only the iss gene and 4% presented ompT, hlyF, and iutA genes. invA, hilA, avrA, and lpfA genes were detected in 100% of Salmonella isolates. The sitC and pefA genes were only present in one strain and the remaining genes were detected in two. In conclusion, it was found that pigeons living in the vicinity of silos are carriers of important pathogens, and control measures should be taken to minimize animal and human health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Carvalho
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 8824, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Hiran Castagnino Kunert-Filho
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 8824, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Cintia Simoni
- Laboratório de Saúde das Aves & Inovação Tecnológica, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural do Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, CEP 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Lucas Brunelli de Moraes
- Laboratório de Histopatologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural do Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, CEP 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Thales Quedi Furian
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 8824, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Karen Apellanis Borges
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 8824, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil.
| | - Jônatas Grellmann Breunig
- Laboratório de Saúde das Aves & Inovação Tecnológica, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural do Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, CEP 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Pinto Medeiros
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 - Km 380, Londrina, PR, CEP 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Renata Katsuko Takayama Kobayashi
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 - Km 380, Londrina, PR, CEP 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Kelly Cristina Tagliari de Brito
- Laboratório de Saúde das Aves & Inovação Tecnológica, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural do Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, CEP 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Benito Guimarães de Brito
- Laboratório de Saúde das Aves & Inovação Tecnológica, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural do Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, CEP 92990-000, Brazil
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5
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Smith OM, Snyder WE, Owen JP. Are we overestimating risk of enteric pathogen spillover from wild birds to humans? Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:652-679. [PMID: 32003106 PMCID: PMC7317827 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Enteric illnesses remain the second largest source of communicable diseases worldwide, and wild birds are suspected sources for human infection. This has led to efforts to reduce pathogen spillover through deterrence of wildlife and removal of wildlife habitat, particularly within farming systems, which can compromise conservation efforts and the ecosystem services wild birds provide. Further, Salmonella spp. are a significant cause of avian mortality, leading to additional conservation concerns. Despite numerous studies of enteric bacteria in wild birds and policies to discourage birds from food systems, we lack a comprehensive understanding of wild bird involvement in transmission of enteric bacteria to humans. Here, we propose a framework for understanding spillover of enteric pathogens from wild birds to humans, which includes pathogen acquisition, reservoir competence and bacterial shedding, contact with people and food, and pathogen survival in the environment. We place the literature into this framework to identify important knowledge gaps. Second, we conduct a meta‐analysis of prevalence data for three human enteric pathogens, Campylobacter spp., E. coli, and Salmonella spp., in 431 North American breeding bird species. Our literature review revealed that only 3% of studies addressed the complete system of pathogen transmission. In our meta‐analysis, we found a Campylobacter spp. prevalence of 27% across wild birds, while prevalence estimates of pathogenic E. coli (20%) and Salmonella spp. (6.4%) were lower. There was significant bias in which bird species have been tested, with most studies focusing on a small number of taxa that are common near people (e.g. European starlings Sturnus vulgaris and rock pigeons Columba livia) or commonly in contact with human waste (e.g. gulls). No pathogen prevalence data were available for 65% of North American breeding bird species, including many commonly in contact with humans (e.g. black‐billed magpie Pica hudsonia and great blue heron Ardea herodias), and our metadata suggest that some under‐studied species, taxonomic groups, and guilds may represent equivalent or greater risk to human infection than heavily studied species. We conclude that current data do not provide sufficient information to determine the likelihood of enteric pathogen spillover from wild birds to humans and thus preclude management solutions. The primary focus in the literature on pathogen prevalence likely overestimates the probability of enteric pathogen spillover from wild birds to humans because a pathogen must survive long enough at an infectious dose and be a strain that is able to colonize humans to cause infection. We propose that future research should focus on the large number of under‐studied species commonly in contact with people and food production and demonstrate shedding of bacterial strains pathogenic to humans into the environment where people may contact them. Finally, studies assessing the duration and intensity of bacterial shedding and survival of bacteria in the environment in bird faeces will help provide crucial missing information necessary to calculate spillover probability. Addressing these essential knowledge gaps will support policy to reduce enteric pathogen spillover to humans and enhance bird conservation efforts that are currently undermined by unsupported fears of pathogen spillover from wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, P.O. Box 644236, Pullman, WA, 99164, U.S.A
| | - William E Snyder
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, 100 Dairy Road, P.O. Box 646382, Pullman, WA, 99164, U.S.A
| | - Jeb P Owen
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, 100 Dairy Road, P.O. Box 646382, Pullman, WA, 99164, U.S.A
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Perez-Sancho M, García-Seco T, Porrero C, García N, Gomez-Barrero S, Cámara JM, Domínguez L, Álvarez J. A ten-year-surveillance program of zoonotic pathogens in feral pigeons in the City of Madrid (2005-2014): The importance of a systematic pest control. Res Vet Sci 2019; 128:293-298. [PMID: 31869595 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Feral pigeons have increased in urban settings worldwide becoming a potential health risk for humans and other animals. Control and surveillance programs are essential to prevent the possible transmission of zoonotic pathogens carried by pigeons. A surveillance program was carried out in Madrid City (Spain) during 2005-2014 to determine the role of urban pigeons as carriers of zoonotic agents comparing these results with studies performed elsewhere in the last fifteen years. A total of 1372 pigeons were randomly captured and tested for detection of Antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic heterogeneity of Campylobacter and Salmonella isolates were determined. During the first phase (August 2005-July 2010), 428 animals were analyzed individually, while in the second period (August 2010-December 2014), 944 pigeons were analyzed in pools (n = 2-3 in 2010 and n = 5-6 in 2013 and 2014). The most prevalent pathogen during the first phase was Campylobacter spp., (6.57%, 95% confidence interval 3.05-12.10%) followed by Salmonella spp. (4.41%, 95% CI: 2.30-7.58%) and C. psittaci (2.56%, 95% CI: 0.70-6.53%)]. The PCR techniques, used during the 2010-2014 phase of the study, confirmed the presence of Campylobacter spp. (prevalence of 0-14.83%) and C. psittaci (0-12,94%) among pigeons of Madrid. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing suggested low levels of resistance. Presence of zoonotic agents in feral pigeons highlights the importance of surveillance programs on this species, although the relative low prevalence found suggests a limited risk to Public and Animal Health in Madrid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Perez-Sancho
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Teresa García-Seco
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Porrero
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea García
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Gomez-Barrero
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose María Cámara
- Unidad Técnica de Control de Vectores, Ayuntamiento de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Álvarez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Borges CA, Cardozo MV, Beraldo LG, Oliveira ES, Maluta RP, Barboza KB, Werther K, Ávila FA. Wild birds and urban pigeons as reservoirs for diarrheagenic Escherichia coli with zoonotic potential. J Microbiol 2017; 55:344-348. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-017-6523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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