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Soares NM, Barreto NMPV, Farias MMB, de Lima Oliveira C, Araújo WAC, de Souza JN, Teixeira MCA, Gonçalves NLS, Sampaio DD, Pavan TBS, Celedon PAF, Zanchin NIT, Santos FLN. Seroepidemiological Survey of Chronic Chagas Disease in a Rural Community in Southern Bahia, Brazil, Using Recombinant Chimeric Antigens. Pathogens 2023; 12:1222. [PMID: 37887738 PMCID: PMC10609786 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD), caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is a neglected tropical disease with life-threatening implications. In this study, we conducted a seroepidemiological survey to determine the prevalence and clinical profiles of CD in 217 individuals from an impoverished rural community in Southern Bahia, Brazil. The overall prevalence of CD in the studied community was 0.92%, detected through latent class analysis (LCA). Two individuals tested positive for anti-T. cruzi IgG, both being male farmers. One case was a 22-year-old man born in Camamu, with no evidence of congenital transmission, suggesting other routes of transmission such as vector-borne transmission due to migratory activities. The other case was a 69-year-old man born in São Felipe, who had lived in an adobe/brick house and had a pacemaker due to cardiac involvement caused by CD. The prevalence in this community was lower than expected, given the socioeconomic conditions and environmental factors that contribute to T. cruzi transmission. This could be attributed to the implementation of preventive measures and vector control programs by the Brazilian Government. However, continuous monitoring and surveillance are essential to sustain control efforts and detect any potential re-emergence of the disease. While the overall prevalence was low, the detection of positive cases underscores the need for continued surveillance and control measures in vulnerable populations, such as rural communities. Active surveillance, early diagnosis, and timely treatment are crucial in preventing disease progression and complications, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of screening and treatment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neci Matos Soares
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Bahia, Brazil; (N.M.S.); (N.M.P.V.B.); (M.M.B.F.); (C.d.L.O.); (W.A.C.A.); (J.N.d.S.); (M.C.A.T.)
| | - Nilo Manoel Pereira Vieira Barreto
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Bahia, Brazil; (N.M.S.); (N.M.P.V.B.); (M.M.B.F.); (C.d.L.O.); (W.A.C.A.); (J.N.d.S.); (M.C.A.T.)
| | - Marina Morena Brito Farias
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Bahia, Brazil; (N.M.S.); (N.M.P.V.B.); (M.M.B.F.); (C.d.L.O.); (W.A.C.A.); (J.N.d.S.); (M.C.A.T.)
| | - Cíntia de Lima Oliveira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Bahia, Brazil; (N.M.S.); (N.M.P.V.B.); (M.M.B.F.); (C.d.L.O.); (W.A.C.A.); (J.N.d.S.); (M.C.A.T.)
| | - Weslei Almeida Costa Araújo
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Bahia, Brazil; (N.M.S.); (N.M.P.V.B.); (M.M.B.F.); (C.d.L.O.); (W.A.C.A.); (J.N.d.S.); (M.C.A.T.)
| | - Joelma Nascimento de Souza
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Bahia, Brazil; (N.M.S.); (N.M.P.V.B.); (M.M.B.F.); (C.d.L.O.); (W.A.C.A.); (J.N.d.S.); (M.C.A.T.)
| | - Márcia Cristina Aquino Teixeira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Bahia, Brazil; (N.M.S.); (N.M.P.V.B.); (M.M.B.F.); (C.d.L.O.); (W.A.C.A.); (J.N.d.S.); (M.C.A.T.)
| | - Noilson Lázaro Sousa Gonçalves
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-BA), Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil; (N.L.S.G.); (T.B.S.P.)
| | - Daniel Dias Sampaio
- Brazil’s Family Health Strategy, Municipal Health Department, Tremedal City Hall, Tremedal 45170-000, Bahia, Brazil;
| | - Tycha Bianca Sabaini Pavan
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-BA), Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil; (N.L.S.G.); (T.B.S.P.)
| | - Paola Alejandra Fiorani Celedon
- Molecular Biology of Trypanosomatids Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-PR), Curitiba 81310-020, Paraná, Brazil;
| | - Nilson Ivo Tonin Zanchin
- Structural Biology and Protein Engineering Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-PR), Curitiba 81310-020, Paraná, Brazil;
- Integrated Translational Program in Chagas Disease from Fiocruz (Fio-Chagas), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-RJ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fred Luciano Neves Santos
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-BA), Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil; (N.L.S.G.); (T.B.S.P.)
- Integrated Translational Program in Chagas Disease from Fiocruz (Fio-Chagas), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-RJ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Pavan TBS, Dias DP, Cangussú MM, Dutra VPP, Sampaio DD, Santos FLN. Seroepidemiology of Chagas disease in at-risk individuals in Caraíbas, a city with high endemicity in Bahia State, Brazil. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1196403. [PMID: 37808995 PMCID: PMC10556690 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1196403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In Brazil, an estimated 1.1 million people are infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease (CD). Despite the high number of cases, the estimated prevalence of infection per 100 inhabitants is low (0.03). However, the actual number of chronically infected individuals is still unknown. Therefore, we sought to determine the prevalence of chronic CD in at-risk individuals in Caraíbas (Bahia, Brazil) through active case finding. Methods A total of 572 individuals living in rural or urban areas of Caraíbas were eligible for the study. A serum sample was collected from 226 individuals, and the diagnosis performed according to international guidelines. Results The overall prevalence of anti-T. cruzi IgG was 4.42%. The median age of anti-T. cruzi IgG-positive individuals was 54.5 years, and the female-to-male ratio was 1.5:1. The prevalence of anti-T. cruzi IgG was similar in rural (4.29%) and urban areas (4.65%). Discussion Compared with national estimates, we concluded that Caraíbas had a high prevalence for chronic CD and a high risk for persistent transmission. Through our study, it was possible to monitor individuals who were unaware of their clinical condition, thus improving their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tycha Bianca Sabaini Pavan
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-BA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Deorlan Pereira Dias
- Chagas Disease Working Group, Municipal Health Department, Center for Endemic Diseases, Caraíbas, Brazil
| | - Márcia Moraes Cangussú
- Bahia State Department of Health, Southwest Regional Health Center, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Dias Sampaio
- Brazil’s Family Health Strategy, Municipal Health Department, Tremedal, Brazil
| | - Fred Luciano Neves Santos
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-BA), Salvador, Brazil
- Integrated Translational Program in Chagas Disease from Fiocruz (Fio-Chagas), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Martins-Melo FR, Ramos AN, Alencar CH, Heukelbach J. Prevalence of Chagas disease in Brazil: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Trop 2014; 130:167-74. [PMID: 24139912 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a major public health problem in Brazil and Latin America. During the last years, it has become an emerging problem in North America and Europe due to increasing international migration. Here we describe the prevalence of Chagas disease in Brazil through a systematic review. We searched national and international electronic databases, grey literature and reference lists of selected articles for population-based studies on Chagas disease prevalence in Brazil, performed from 1980 until September 2012. Forty-two articles with relevant prevalence data were identified from a total of 4985 references. Prevalence ranged from 0% to 25.1%. Most surveys were performed in the Northeast region, especially in the state of Piauí. We observed a high degree of heterogeneity in most pooled estimates (I(2)>75%; p<0.001). The pooled estimate of Chagas disease prevalence across studies for the entire period was 4.2% (95% CI: 3.1-5.7), ranging from 4.4% (95% CI: 2.3-8.3) in the 1980s to 2.4% (95% CI: 1.5-3.8) after 2000. Females (4.2%; 95% CI: 2.6-6.8), >60 year-olds (17.7%; 95% CI: 11.4-26.5), Northeast (5.0%; 95% CI: 3.1-8.1) and Southeast (5.0%; CI: 2.4-9.9) regions and mixed (urban/rural) areas (6.4%; 95% CI: 4.2-9.4) had the highest pooled prevalence. About 4.6 million (95% CI: 2.9-7.2 million) of people are estimated to be infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. The small number of studies and small-scale samples of the general population in some areas limit interpretation, and findings of this review do not necessarily reflect the situation of the entire country. Systematic population-based studies at regional and national level are recommended to provide more accurate estimates and better define the epidemiology and risk areas of Chagas disease in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Novaes Ramos
- Department of Community Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, 60430-140 Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Alencar
- Department of Community Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, 60430-140 Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Jorg Heukelbach
- Department of Community Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, 60430-140 Fortaleza, Brazil; Anton Breinl Centre for Public Health and Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
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