Avaliação da pré-triagem sorológica para o marcador do vírus da hepatite B (anti-HBc total) em candidatos à doação de sangue no Estado do Acre, 2002

Use of the LI-RADS classification in patients with cirrhosis due to infection with hepatitis B, C, or D, or infected with hepatitis B and D

Objective

To evaluate liver lesions, in accordance with the LI-RADS classification, using contrast-enhanced multiphase dynamic computed tomography in patients with hepatitis B, coinfected or not with hepatitis D, or with chronic hepatitis C, as well as to determine the level of agreement between radiologists.

Materials and Methods

We evaluated 38 patients with hepatitis B, coinfected or not with hepatitis D, or with chronic hepatitis C, all of whom underwent contrast-enhanced multiphase dynamic computed tomography. For each examination, two radiologists selected up to three hepatic lesions, categorizing them in accordance with the LI-RADS classification and evaluating signs of chronic liver disease and portal hypertension. To determine the level of agreement between radiologists, we calculated the kappa statistic (κ) .

Results

Radiologist 1 and radiologist 2 selected 56 and 48 liver lesions, respectively. According to radiologist 1 and radiologist 2, respectively, 27 (71%) and 23 (61%) of the 38 patients had at least one liver lesion; 13 (34%) and 12 (32%) had a LI-RADS 5 lesion (κ = 0.821); 19 (50%) and 16 (42%) had a hypervascular lesion (κ = 0.668); and 30 (79%) and 24 (63%) had splenomegaly (κ = 0.503). Both radiologists identified chronic liver disease in 31 (82%) of the patients (κ = 1.00).

Conclusion

Lesions categorized as LI-RADS 5 were detected in approximately 32% of the patients, with almost perfect agreement between the radiologists. The level of agreement was substantial or moderate for the other LI-RADS categories.

Prevalence and epidemiological profile of Hepatitis B in pregnant women: a population study in a Brazilian Western Amazon city from 2007 to 2015

Abstract Objectives: this study aimed to describe the epidemiological profile and prevalence of hepatitis B infection in pregnant women living in Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. Methods: this was a cross-sectional study concerning the prevalence of Hepatitis B in a cohort of women who gave birth in Rio Branco from 2007 to 2015. Data were obtained through health information systems. Pregnant women presenting one or more serological markers or positive molecular biology examination were considered confirmed cases of infections. Infection prevalence, the odds ratio (5% significance) and sociodemographic, clinical, obstetric and neonatal variable frequency distributions were calculated. The student's t-test and Mann Whitney test were applied, as well as the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, at a significance level of 5%. Results: a total of 62,100 pregnant women were identified for the study period. The prevalence of Hepatitis B in the group was of 0.38% (206 cases), and only 12,5% were diagnosed during the first gestation trimester. A significant difference (p=0.034) in the mean age of infected women was observed when compared to those without infection. The chance of an infected pregnant woman giving birth to a child with a 1st Apgar minute <7 was of 2.01 (CI95%= 1.09-3.71; p=0.995), higher than observed for healthy pregnant woman. Concerning infected patients, the most reported risk exposure was dental treatment (19.2%). Conclusions: the prevalence of Hepatitis B among pregnant women was lower than reported in other national studies. Low Hepatitis B detection during the first gestation trimester was identified, which reinforces the need to intensify early diagnosis during prenatal follow-up, especially due to the severity of the disease and the possibility of vertical transmission.

Blood discard rate and the prevalence of infectious and contagious diseases in blood donors from provincial towns of the state of Paraná, Brazil

Background

So that an improvement in the selection of donors can be achieved and the risk to the recipient of transfused blood can be reduced, prospective donors are submitted to clinical and serological screening.

Objective

This study investigated the blood discard rate and the rate of infectious and contagious diseases in blood donors from provincial towns of the state of Paraná, Brazil.

Methods

This study was an exploratory cross-sectional descriptive investigation with a quantitative approach of donations between January and December 2011.

Results

In the study period the Regional Blood center in Maringá, Brazil received 8337 blood donations from people living in the city and neighboring towns. However, 278 (3.33%) donations were discarded during serological screening owing to one or more positive serological markers. A total of 46.4% of the discarded blood units were confirmed positive by serology with anti-HBc being the most common (66.7%), followed by syphilis (22.5%), HBsAg (4.7%), anti-hepatitis C virus (3.1%), human immunodeficiency virus (1.5%) and Chagas' disease (1.5%). The rate of infectious-contagious diseases that can be transmitted by blood transfusions was 1.55% (129/8337) of the donor population with a frequency of 1.03% for anti-HBc and 0.35% for syphilis.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates a high prevalence of the anti-HBc marker in prospective blood donors from provincial towns in the state of Paraná, Brazil.

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C infection markers among children and adolescents in the southern Brazilian region

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections account for a substantial proportion of liver diseases worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV serological markers among children and adolescents and verify the epidemiology of the HBV infection over than a decade of the introduction of vaccination program. Serologic markers to HBsAg, total anti-HBc and anti-HCV had been tested in 393 samples. The seropositivity for HBsAg was 0.76% and for total anti-HBc was 1.02%. Copositivity between HBsAg and total anti-HBc was verified in 0.76% of the analyzed samples. There was no seropositivity for anti-HCV marker. The seroprevalence of HBV infection markers among children and adolescents in the southern Brazilian region is high compared to that reported in other countries. Preventive measures, such as educational activities in addition to the universal childhood HBV vaccination, should be initiated in order to reduce the morbimortality and the economic burden associated with the disease.