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Garbin CAS, Vanzo KLT, Moimaz SAS, Garbin AJÍ, Chiba FY. Vaccination coverage and immunity against hepatitis B in public health dentists. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2019; 52:e20180534. [PMID: 31271621 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0534-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Occupational exposure is a major risk factor for hepatitis B (HB) transmission. METHODS Vaccination coverage and immunity verification from 64 dentists of the Brazilian Unified Health System were investigated. An immunochromatographic method was used to verify immunity against the disease. RESULTS Overall, 77.77% of participating dentists completed the vaccination schedule; 37.50% had negative anti-HBs test results. Furthermore, 60.93% of participants never underwent anti-HBs tests and 40% did not know how to correctly interpret results. CONCLUSIONS Numerous dentists were not immune to the disease. Few participants previously performed the test, with many not knowing how to interpret the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cléa Adas Saliba Garbin
- Departamento de Odontologia Infantil e Social, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Araçatuba, SP, Brasil
| | - Ketlin Lara Tosta Vanzo
- Departamento de Odontologia Infantil e Social, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Araçatuba, SP, Brasil
| | - Suzely Adas Saliba Moimaz
- Departamento de Odontologia Infantil e Social, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Araçatuba, SP, Brasil
| | - Artênio José Ísper Garbin
- Departamento de Odontologia Infantil e Social, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Araçatuba, SP, Brasil
| | - Fernando Yamamoto Chiba
- Departamento de Odontologia Infantil e Social, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Araçatuba, SP, Brasil
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Souto FJD. Distribution of hepatitis B infection in Brazil: the epidemiological situation at the beginning of the 21 st century. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2015; 49:11-23. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0176-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Martins S, Livramento AD, Andrigueti M, Kretzer IF, Machado MJ, Spada C, Treitinger A. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection markers and socio-demographic risk factors in HIV-infected patients in Southern Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2015; 47:552-8. [PMID: 25467254 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0109-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are two of the world's most important infectious diseases. Our objective was to determine the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) prevalences among adult HIV-infected patients and identify the associations between socio-demographic variables and these HBV infection markers. METHODS This study was performed from October 2012 to March 2013. Three hundred HIV-seropositive patients were monitored by the Clinical Analysis Laboratory of Professor Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago University Hospital, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The blood tests included HBsAg, anti-HBc immunoglobulin M (IgM) and total anti-HBc. Patients reported their HIV viral loads and CD4+ T-cell counts using a questionnaire designed to collect sociodemographic data. RESULTS The mean patient age was 44.6 years, the mean CD4 T-cell count was 525/mm3, the mean time since beginning antiretroviral therapy was 7.6 years, and the mean time since HIV diagnosis was 9.6 years. The overall prevalences of HBsAg and total anti-HBc were 2.3% and 29.3%, respectively. Among the individuals analyzed, 0.3% were positive for HBsAg, 27.3% were positive for total anti-HBc, and 2.0% were positive either for HBsAg or total anti-HBc and were classified as chronically HBV-infected. Furthermore, 70.3% of the patients were classified as never having been infected. Male gender, age >40 years and Caucasian ethnicity were associated with an anti-HBc positive test. CONCLUSIONS The results showed an intermediate prevalence of HBsAg among the studied patients. Moreover, the associations between the anti-HBc marker and socio-demographic factors suggest a need for HBV immunization among these HIV-positive individuals, who are likely to have HIV/HBV coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulo Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC
| | - Andréa do Livramento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC
| | - Michelle Andrigueti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC
| | - Iara Fabricia Kretzer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC
| | - Marcos José Machado
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC
| | - Celso Spada
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC
| | - Aricio Treitinger
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC
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Kalem F, Yüksekkaya Ş, Başaranoğlu M. The seroprevalence of both hepatitis B and hepatitis C at the first-step health organizations and the difference between the urban and rural areas. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2015; 128:695-699. [PMID: 25869760 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-015-0745-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are very important infectious agents for public health. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) and anti-HCV test results of patients who admitted to first-step health organizations in central and peripheral districts of Konya, the central region of Turkey during the period 2005-2010. METHODS In this study, HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HCV screening test results of patients who admitted to first-step health organizations in Konya during the period 2005-2010 were retrospectively investigated from the laboratory records. This study was approved by the Konya Health Directorate. All screening tests were performed on the automatic third-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MEIA). This immunoassay method was carried out according to the instructions of the manufacturer. Borderline and positive results were retested. RESULTS Konya is the largest city of Turkey in terms of surface area and one of the economically developed cities. For HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HCV screening, whole test results of 5 years are given in Table 1 and Figure 1. The differences between the urban and rural for HBsAg (p = 0.062 > 0.05) and anti-HCV(p = 0.874 > 0.05) were not statistically significant. Among the markers only for anti-HBs, the difference between the urban and rural was statistically significant (P = 0.042 < 0.05). Of them, 4.15 % were positive for HBsAg, 36.46 % were positive for anti-HBs and 1.16 % were positive for anti-HCV. CONCLUSION In this study, Konya has been evaluated as two regions: central and peripheral. Our study showed us that distribution of the diseases vary from one region to another. We consider that difference in social diversity is one of the factors. These infections are major health problems. So the results of immunodiagnostic tests for HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HCV will be useful for guiding control actions and for new preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Kalem
- Konya Numune Hastanesi, Infectious Diseases, Konya, Turkey.
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Martins S, Livramento AD, Andrigueti M, Kretzer IF, Machado MJ, Spada C, Treitinger A. Vaccination coverage and immunity against hepatitis B among HIV-infected patients in South Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis 2015; 19:181-6. [PMID: 25626960 PMCID: PMC9425421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence-based strategies to improve the hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination coverage rates might help to reduce the burden caused by co-infection with HBV and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In this study, the aim was to evaluate the vaccination coverage and immunity against HBV among HIV-infected individuals in South Brazil, and identify factors that are associated with compliance patterns and antibody reactivity. Three hundred HIV-infected men and women were included in this survey. The patients answered a standardized questionnaire, and vaccination cards were checked in order to assess hepatitis B vaccine status. A blood sample was collected for quantitative determination of antibody to hepatitis B virus surface antigen (anti-HBs). Participants were also evaluated for their CD4 cell count and HIV viral load. The overall vaccination coverage of HBV vaccination found in this study (57.4%) was lower than that was previously reported in South Brazil. Anti-HBs levels >10 IU/L were observed in 47.0% of the studied population. A significant inequality in the coverage rates and antibody reactivity was found in favor of patients with better economic status. In conclusion, the results indicate the need for improvement in the HBV vaccination coverage among HIV carriers, in particular focusing on low-income individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulo Martins
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Professor Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Andréa do Livramento
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Michelle Andrigueti
- Professor Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Iara Fabricia Kretzer
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcos José Machado
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Celso Spada
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Arício Treitinger
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Livramento AD, Schultz J, Batista KZS, Treitinger A, de Cordova CMM, Spada C. Immune memory response induced in vitro by recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen challenge 13-18 years after primary vaccination. J Med Virol 2014; 86:1700-4. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andréa do Livramento
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina; University Campus; Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Júnia Schultz
- Department of Natural Sciences, Exact and Natural Sciences Center, Regional University of Blumenau; University Campus; Blumenau Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Keila Zaniboni Siqueira Batista
- Department of Natural Sciences, Exact and Natural Sciences Center, Regional University of Blumenau; University Campus; Blumenau Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Arício Treitinger
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina; University Campus; Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Caio Maurício Mendes de Cordova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Regional University of Blumenau; University Campus; Blumenau Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Celso Spada
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina; University Campus; Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
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Menegol D, Spilki FR. Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and C markers at the population level in the municipality of Caxias do Sul, southern Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 44:1237-40. [PMID: 24688517 PMCID: PMC3958193 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014005000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic viral hepatitis are main public health problems worldwide. Data about the seroprevalence to Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV e HCV) at the population level are scarce on Brazil and especially for the Southern region of the country. The seroprevalence to HBV and HBC antigens was evaluated on a large portion of the population of the municipality of Caxias do Sul (427,858 inhabitants), Brazil. A total of 60,604 individual serum samples collected from 2008 to 2011 were screened for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and for antibodies against HBsAg; anti HCV antibodies were measured by ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay). Overall, 1.63% of the individuals were positive for HBsAg and 1.43% showed seropositivity to HCV. From the total, 31,749 samples were analyzed for HBsAg and 28,855 for HCV. For HBsAg, 519 samples showed positive (1.63%) while the results for 37 patients (0.12%) remained inconclusive. For the anti-HCV test, 412 individuals (1.43%) showed positive. From the positive samples for HBsAg 216 (50.6%) were from male individuals whereas for anti-HCV the seroprevalence was slightly higher for females 216 (52.4%). The higher prevalence for both hepatitis viruses were found among individuals at the age group of 40 to 59 years and the lower levels of positivity for both HBV and HBC were among children and teenagers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Menegol
- Universidade Feevale, Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
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Nau AL, Fayad L, Lazzarotto C, Shiozawa MBC, Dantas-Corrêa EB, Schiavon LDL, Narciso-Schiavon JL. Prevalence and clinical features of celiac disease in patients with hepatitis B virus infection in Southern Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2014; 46:397-402. [PMID: 23982094 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0093-2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder that involves gluten intolerance and can be triggered by environmental factors including hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of celiac disease in individuals with HBV infection and to describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of celiac disease associated with HBV. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 50 hepatitis B patients tested for IgA anti-endomysial antibodies (EMAs) and tissue anti-transglutaminase (TTG) between August 2011 and September 2012. RESULTS Fifty patients were included with a mean age of 46.0 ± 12.6 (46.0) years; 46% were female and 13% were HBeAg+. Six patients had positive serology for celiac disease, four were EMA+, and five were TTG+. When individuals with positive serology for celiac disease were compared to those with negative serology, they demonstrated a higher prevalence of abdominal pain (100% vs. 33.3%, p = 0.008), lower median creatinine (0.7 mg/dL vs. 0.9 mg/dL, p = 0.007) and lower mean albumin (3.6 ± 0.4 g/L vs. 3.9 ± 0.3g/L, p = 0.022). All individuals with positive serology for celiac disease underwent upper digestive endoscopy, and three of the patients exhibited a macroscopic pattern suggestive of celiac disease. Histologically, five patients demonstrated an intra-epithelial lymphocytic infiltrate level > 30%, and four patients showed villous atrophy associated with crypt hyperplasia on duodenal biopsy. CONCLUSIONS An increased prevalence of celiac disease was observed among hepatitis B patients. These patients were symptomatic and had significant laboratory abnormalities. These results indicate that active screening for celiac disease among HBV-infected adults is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Luciana Nau
- Núcleo de Estudos em Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC
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do Livramento A, Sampaio J, Schultz J, Batista KZS, Treitinger A, de Cordova CMM, Spada C. In vitro lymphocyte stimulation by recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen: A tool to detect the persistence of cellular immunity after vaccination. J Virol Methods 2013; 193:572-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Freimanis GL, Owusu-Ofori S, Allain JP. Hepatitis B virus infection does not significantly influence Plasmodium parasite density in asymptomatic infections in Ghanaian transfusion recipients. PLoS One 2012. [PMID: 23185500 PMCID: PMC3503819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Areas endemic for malaria and Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection largely overlap geographically. A recent study has suggested the existence of an interaction between the two pathogens in symptomatic co-infected individuals on the South-American continent. We examined this issue in a hyperendemic area for both pathogens in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODOLOGY AND FINDINGS Pre-transfusion samples from a retrospective cohort of 154 blood transfusion recipients were screened for both serological and molecular markers of HBV and Plasmodium genomes using species-specific nested PCR and quantitative real-time PCR. Thirty-seven individuals met exclusion criteria and were subsequently eliminated from further analysis. Of 117 participants, 90% of recipients exhibited evidence of exposure to HBV, 42% with HBsAg and/or HBV DNA and 48% anti-HBc reactive without detectable HBV DNA. Plasmodium genome prevalence by NAT was 50%. Parasitemic individuals were significantly younger than non-parasitemic individuals (P = 0.04). Parasitemia level was not significantly lower in individuals with HBV DNA positive infections compared to those with HBV DNA negative exposures. HBV DNA load was not significantly different in parasitemic and non-parasitemic individuals. CONCLUSION The data presented suggests that, in sub-Saharan Africa, asymptomatic co-infections with these two ubiquitous pathogens do not appear to significantly affect each other and evolve independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Lee Freimanis
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Allain
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Passos AM, Strazer Neto M, Treitinger A, Spada C. Seroprevalence of HBV and HCV markers among young adult males in the Air Force in Florianópolis, South Brazil. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502012000200009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) serological markers of infection in young adults from the metropolitan region of Florianópolis who were conscripts of the Air Base of Florianópolis in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. A population-based cross-sectional seroprevalence study was conducted with 371 young males during a one year period starting in June 2009. Demographic characteristics, socio-economic characteristics and possible risk factors to HBV and HCV were assessed. Blood samples were analyzed for HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HCV and anti-HBs through automated microparticle enzymatic immunoassays (Abbott®, AxSYM System, Wiesbaden, Germany). None of the participants showed positivity to HBsAg or anti-HCV. The prevalence of anti-HBc was 1.6% (95% CI 0.6 - 3.5), and the prevalence of anti-HBs was 40.7% (95% CI 35.7 - 45.9). Unsafe sex was associated with positive anti-HBc in a bivariate analysis. There was a very low prevalence of past HBV infection and no cases of past HCV infection in a young adult population in the metropolitan region of Florianópolis. The very low prevalence of markers of infection and risk factors indicates a very optimistic future with respect to HBV and HCV infection in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Celso Spada
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil
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