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Noordeen F, Karunaratne HMS, Nawaratne V, Pitchai FNN, Daulagala SWPL, Abeykoon AMSB. Protective immunity against hepatitis B virus infection in a group of vaccinated Sri Lankan military service men following a complete course of vaccination. Virusdisease 2019; 30:462-464. [PMID: 31803814 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-019-00546-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the appropriate measure to protect military personnel against the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Testing the military personnel for anti-HBs levels after vaccination is vital in re-vaccinating those that have not developed protective immunity. The aim of the current study was to determine the immunity in a group of vaccinated Sri Lankan military personnel (n = 150; age = 26-44 years) following a complete course of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) vaccination by assessing the antibodies against HBsAg (anti-HBs) levels. Three months after the last dose of the vaccination, blood samples were collected from the study population and tested for anti-HBs levels using a commercially available ELISA. Of the 150 military service men tested, 139 (92.67%) had anti-HBs levels higher than 10 mIU/mL, WHO approved levels for protective immunity against HBV infection. Of the 139 that had sufficient anti-HBs levels, 24% (36/150) had anti-HBs levels between 10 and 100 mIU/mL and 68.67% (103/150) had anti-HBs levels > 100 mIU/mL. Overall, 7.33% (11/150) participants had anti-HBs levels < 10 mIU/mL. Sero-conversion to > 10 mIU/mL anti-HBs was more than 90% in those that were less than 40 years of age and it was less than 90% in those that were more than 40 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faseeha Noordeen
- 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400 Sri Lanka
| | | | - Varuna Nawaratne
- Faculty of Medicine, Sir John Kotelawela Defence University, Ratmalana, 10390 Sri Lanka
| | - F N Nagoor Pitchai
- 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400 Sri Lanka
| | - S W P Lakmini Daulagala
- 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400 Sri Lanka
| | - A M S Bandara Abeykoon
- 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400 Sri Lanka
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Batista KZS, Azambuja LPD, Souza SD, Souza MCD, Cordova CMMD, Silva Filho HHD. Anti-Hepatitis B Antibody Levels In Immunized Medical Students: Are They At Risk? Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2019; 52:e20180132. [PMID: 31141041 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0132-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medical students have an occupational risk for hepatitis B (HB). This study sought to determine anti-HBs and anti-HBc IgG levels in vaccinated students, check their seroconversion, and correlate this with vaccination. METHODS One hundred and forty-three students' blood samples and their vaccination schedules were analyzed. RESULTS 65.7% were positive for anti-HBs; however, anti-HBs was absent in 34.3%. Only two samples were positive for anti-HBc IgG. CONCLUSIONS More than 30% of students did not have minimum protective levels. Comparing HBV vaccination and anti-HBs reactivity, the majority of reactive individuals received their last dose within the past 16 years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Pecker de Azambuja
- Departamento de Medicina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brasil
| | - Suzane de Souza
- Departamento de Medicina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brasil
| | - Maely Cordeiro de Souza
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brasil
| | - Caio Maurício Mendes de Cordova
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brasil
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Sami SM, Salama II, Elmosalami DM, Abdel-Latif GA, Abdel Hamid AT. Knowledge of and risky behaviours towards hepatitis B virus infection among Egyptian school children. Arab J Gastroenterol 2015; 16:94-8. [PMID: 26454553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Success in the prevention of hepatitis B virus (HBV) depends to a large extent on the adolescents' HBV knowledge and their risky behaviours. This study aims to assess the knowledge of and the risky behaviours towards HBV among school students and to determine the significant predictors affecting their knowledge. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was approved in four Egyptian governorates (Dakahleya, Gharbeya, Cairo, and Beni-Suef) on 574 students aged 11-17years. A questionnaire was filled through a face-to-face interview to collect data about the socio-demographic character, HBV knowledge, and risky behaviours among children who were chosen for this study. RESULTS While 75% of students had poor levels of HBV knowledge, 1.7% had good levels of knowledge. As regards gender, more than 60% of students shared scissors and went to dental clinic with no significant difference. While boys reported a significant history of hospitalisation (50.2%) and wound stitches (36%), girls reported a lesser degree of the same (40.2% and 22.6, respectively), p<0.01. During logistic regression analysis, the most important predictors of poor HBV knowledge were age <15years and living in Cairo governorate, with adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.5 and 5.0, respectively. CONCLUSION The majority of students chosen for the study had low levels of knowledge and high risky behaviours towards viral hepatitis. In order to minimise the risky behaviours among adolescents, health education programmes should be conducted concerning the mode of transmission and prevention of viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia M Sami
- Child Health Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iman I Salama
- Community Medicine Research Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia M Elmosalami
- Community Medicine Research Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ghada A Abdel-Latif
- Community Medicine Research Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany T Abdel Hamid
- Community Medicine Research Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
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El-Asheer OM, Darwish MM, Abdou MA, Saad K. Immunogenicity of Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccine Among Routinely Vaccinated Healthy and Chronically Ill Children in Assiut, Upper Egypt. Gastroenterology Res 2015; 8:222-227. [PMID: 27785300 PMCID: PMC5040530 DOI: 10.14740/gr636e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Egypt is considered a region of the intermediate prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (4.5%). Seroprotection is assured when hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) levels are ≥ 10 mIU/mL. Our study aimed to evaluate and compare the long-term immunogenicity and efficacy of the recombinant hepatitis B (HB) vaccine. METHODS A cross-sectional study was done for children aged from 9 months to 15 years, receiving health care at Assiut University Children's Hospital, Assiut, Egypt in 3 months. HBsAb was quantitatively determined by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Seroprotection in infants less than 1 year was 89.7% with 55.2% having titer > 100 mIU/mL and this percent dropped to 64.4% after the first year of age with only 29% having titer > 100 mIU/mL. The overall protection percentage was 32.5% (> 100 mIU/mL), 34.7% of children showed levels between 10 and 100 mIU/mL, while 32.8% were less than 10 mIU/mL. Patients with diabetes mellitus were found to have the lowest seroprotective levels (83.3% were not protected). Non-protective levels were also detected in patients with malnutrition (55.6%), congenital heart diseases (43.2%) and chronic liver diseases (57.1%). CONCLUSION Our study shows failure to achieve satisfactory seroprotective levels for hepatitis B vaccine in both healthy and diseased children who adopted vaccination schedule in Upper Egypt. Booster dose in the second year of life is recommended for all children, particularly for those with diabetes millets, congenital heart disease and malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama M. El-Asheer
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Manal M. Darwish
- Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Madleen A. Abdou
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Khaled Saad
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Corresponding Author: Khaled Saad, Faculty of Medicine, University of Assiut, Assiut 71516, Egypt.
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Prevalence of National Responsiveness to HBV Vaccine After 22 Years of Iranian Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2015. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.23618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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Prevalence of National Responsiveness to HBV Vaccine After 22 Years of Iranian Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2015. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.15(4)2015.23618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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Martins S, Livramento AD, Andrigueti M, Kretzer IF, Machado MJ, Spada C, Treitinger A. Vaccination coverage and immunity against hepatitis B among HIV-infected patients in South Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis 2015; 19:181-6. [PMID: 25626960 PMCID: PMC9425421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence-based strategies to improve the hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination coverage rates might help to reduce the burden caused by co-infection with HBV and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In this study, the aim was to evaluate the vaccination coverage and immunity against HBV among HIV-infected individuals in South Brazil, and identify factors that are associated with compliance patterns and antibody reactivity. Three hundred HIV-infected men and women were included in this survey. The patients answered a standardized questionnaire, and vaccination cards were checked in order to assess hepatitis B vaccine status. A blood sample was collected for quantitative determination of antibody to hepatitis B virus surface antigen (anti-HBs). Participants were also evaluated for their CD4 cell count and HIV viral load. The overall vaccination coverage of HBV vaccination found in this study (57.4%) was lower than that was previously reported in South Brazil. Anti-HBs levels >10 IU/L were observed in 47.0% of the studied population. A significant inequality in the coverage rates and antibody reactivity was found in favor of patients with better economic status. In conclusion, the results indicate the need for improvement in the HBV vaccination coverage among HIV carriers, in particular focusing on low-income individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulo Martins
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Professor Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Andréa do Livramento
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Michelle Andrigueti
- Professor Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Iara Fabricia Kretzer
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcos José Machado
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Celso Spada
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Arício Treitinger
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Livramento AD, Schultz J, Batista KZS, Treitinger A, de Cordova CMM, Spada C. Immune memory response induced in vitro by recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen challenge 13-18 years after primary vaccination. J Med Virol 2014; 86:1700-4. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andréa do Livramento
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina; University Campus; Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Júnia Schultz
- Department of Natural Sciences, Exact and Natural Sciences Center, Regional University of Blumenau; University Campus; Blumenau Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Keila Zaniboni Siqueira Batista
- Department of Natural Sciences, Exact and Natural Sciences Center, Regional University of Blumenau; University Campus; Blumenau Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Arício Treitinger
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina; University Campus; Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Caio Maurício Mendes de Cordova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Regional University of Blumenau; University Campus; Blumenau Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Celso Spada
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina; University Campus; Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
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Al Ghamdi SS, Fallatah HI, Fetyani DM, Al-Mughales JA, Gelaidan AT. Long-term efficacy of the hepatitis B vaccine in a high-risk group. J Med Virol 2014; 85:1518-22. [PMID: 23852676 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global health problem. In an attempt to control infection, worldwide HBV vaccination programs have been established. Saudi Arabia, an endemic area for HBV infection, established an HBV immunization program in 1989. This cross-sectional study evaluates the long-term protection of HBV vaccination 14-24 years after primary immunization in a high-risk group (clinical year medical students) at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. All participants had complete HBV immunization at birth or in early childhood. Hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) levels were obtained. An anti-HBs titer of <10 mIU/ml indicated no protection, while a titer of >10 mIU/ml was considered to represent protective immune status. A total of 238 students were included; they were predominantly females (n = 182, 76.5%). Mean age was 22.2 ± 1.1 years. Duration since primary vaccination was 19.8 ± 2.3 years. Female students were more likely to maintain long-term protection compared to males (62.1% and 58.8%, respectively). Anti-HBs levels were significantly low in many students after primary immunization. Testing medical students for anti-HBs levels may be warranted as they represent a high-risk population. The higher rate of vaccine failure in males than females requires further investigation as it may explain the higher prevalence of HBV in the male population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Al Ghamdi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Norouzirad R, Shakurnia AH, Assarehzadegan MA, Serajian A, Khabazkhoob M. Serum levels of anti-hepatitis B surface antibody among vaccinated population aged 1 to 18 years in ahvaz city southwest of iran. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2014; 14:e13625. [PMID: 24497878 PMCID: PMC3909642 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The duration of protection following primary series vaccination against hepatitis B is unknown in children and adolescents. It has been shown that the level of anti-hepatitis B surface antigen antibodies (anti HBs Ab) declines over years after vaccination. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to estimate the long-term immunity against hepatitis B virus infection among children and adolescents who had received a complete hepatitis B vaccination series during infancy. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a cross-sectional study, the - anti-HBsAb levels of 840 vaccinated children and adolescents were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Hepatitis B seroprotection rates (anti HBsAb ≥ 10 IU/L) among vaccinated children and adolescents aged 1 and 18 years were 90% and 48.9%, respectively. The declining trend of geometric mean titer of anti-HBsAb levels was observed as changed from 272.3 IU/L to 94.1 IU/L in 1 and 18-year-old population, respectively. A significant negative correlation was found between age and anti-HBsAb levels (r = - 0.220, P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The results showed a declining trend in anti-HBsAb titers over the time after vaccination against hepatitis B virus in our region. Further studies are warranted to establish the need for a booster dose in cases that are at risk of hepatitis B virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Norouzirad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, IR Iran
| | - Abdol Hussein Shakurnia
- Health Research Institue, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Abdol Hussein Shakurnia, Health Research Institue, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Golestan Blvd, Ahvaz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9163132602, Fax: +98-6113332036, E-mail:
| | - Mohammad-Ali Assarehzadegan
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Amirarsalan Serajian
- Health Education Research Group, Jahade Daneshgahi of Khouzestan, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Mehdi Khabazkhoob
- Epidemiology Department, Faculty of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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do Livramento A, Sampaio J, Schultz J, Batista KZS, Treitinger A, de Cordova CMM, Spada C. In vitro lymphocyte stimulation by recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen: A tool to detect the persistence of cellular immunity after vaccination. J Virol Methods 2013; 193:572-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sacchetto MSLDS, Barros SSLV, Araripe TDA, Silva AM, Faustino SKM, da Silva JMN. Hepatitis B: knowledge, vaccine situation and seroconversion of dentistry students of a public university. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2013; 13:e13670. [PMID: 24348639 PMCID: PMC3842515 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.13670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral hepatitis B (VHB) is an occupational risk for dentists. It is necessary that dental students start clinical practice immunized with the vaccine, response monitored and informed about the means of transmission of the disease. Rarely, there are studies, which evaluate concomitantly knowledge of these academics and their vaccine situation. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the knowledge about Hepatitis B, the vaccine situation and the immunization status of dental students and to investigate the probable correlation between the status of immunization, vaccination membership and adherence to the test of seroconversion and associated factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS 189 students from the dentistry course at the Federal University of Piaui (UFPI) who attended from the 3rd to 9th period were invited to participate in the research. Their knowledge about HBV, attitude regarding protection and their vaccine situation were assessed through a self-administered form. Antibodies against surface antigens of Hepatitis B virus (Anti-HBs) and against the antigens of the virus nucleous of Hepatitis B (Anti-HBc total) were measured qualitatively using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Of the 179 students surveyed, 58.1% knew about the degree of virulence of the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). As to the means of transmission, 98.3% considered blood transmission, 82.6% plates and cutlery, 15.6% cough and 12.3% vertical transmission. Most students (87.4%) knew that they should take 3 doses of the vaccine and 62.2% completed the immunization schedule. A minority of students (48.6%) knew the about the Anti-HBs test and 5.6% took the test. Among the students who reported having taken three doses of the vaccine, 12.5% were not seroconverted. There was no significant correlation between the variables. CONCLUSIONS Dental academics were unsure about the means of infection and prevention against HBV. Many of them had not completed the immunization scheme and did not have the test of seroconversion. The serological analysis revealed unprotection, even after students completed the vaccination schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sena Lopes da Silva Sacchetto
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Dentistry (DPCO), Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Brazil
- Corresponding author: Marina Sena Lopes da Silva Sacchetto, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Brazil. Tel: +86-99070207, Fax: +86-32225461, E-mail:
| | | | - Thaís de Alencar Araripe
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Dentistry (DPCO), Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Aryvelto Miranda Silva
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Dentistry (DPCO), Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Brazil
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