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van Ettekoven CN, Liechti FD, Brouwer MC, Bijlsma MW, van de Beek D. Global Case Fatality of Bacterial Meningitis During an 80-Year Period: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2424802. [PMID: 39093565 PMCID: PMC11297475 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.24802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance The impact of vaccination, antibiotics, and anti-inflammatory treatment on pathogen distribution and outcome of bacterial meningitis over the past century is uncertain. Objective To describe worldwide pathogen distribution and case fatality ratios of community-acquired bacterial meningitis. Data Sources Google Scholar and MEDLINE were searched in January 2022 using the search terms bacterial meningitis and mortality. Study Selection Included studies reported at least 10 patients with bacterial meningitis and survival status. Studies that selected participants by a specific risk factor, had a mean observation period before 1940, or had more than 10% of patients with health care-associated meningitis, tuberculous meningitis, or missing outcome were excluded. Data Extraction and Synthesis Data were extracted by 1 author and verified by a second author. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Random-effects models stratified by age (ie, neonates, children, adults), Human Development Index (ie, low-income or high-income countries), and decade and meta-regression using the study period's year as an estimator variable were used. Main Outcome and Measure Case fatality ratios of bacterial meningitis. Results This review included 371 studies performed in 108 countries from January 1, 1935, to December 31, 2019, describing 157 656 episodes. Of the 33 295 episodes for which the patients' sex was reported, 13 452 (40%) occurred in females. Causative pathogens were reported in 104 598 episodes with Neisseria meningitidis in 26 344 (25%) episodes, Streptococcus pneumoniae in 26 035 (25%) episodes, Haemophilus influenzae in 22 722 (22%), other bacteria in 19 161 (18%) episodes, and unidentified pathogen in 10 336 (10%) episodes. The overall case fatality ratio was 18% (95% CI, 16%-19%), decreasing from 32% (95% CI, 24%-40%) before 1961 to 15% (95% CI, 12%-19%) after 2010. It was highest in meningitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes at 27% (95% CI, 24%-31%) and pneumococci at 24% (95% CI, 22%-26%), compared with meningitis caused by meningococci at 9% (95% CI, 8%-10%) or H influenzae at 11% (95% CI, 10%-13%). Meta-regression showed decreasing case fatality ratios overall and stratified by S pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, or Streptococcus agalactiae (P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance In this meta-analysis with meta-regression, declining case fatality ratios of community-acquired bacterial meningitis throughout the last century were observed, but a high burden of disease remained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis N. van Ettekoven
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, HagaZiekenhuis, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Fabian D. Liechti
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthijs C. Brouwer
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Merijn W. Bijlsma
- Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Diederik van de Beek
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Pinilla-Monsalve GD, Llanos-Leyton N, González MC, Manrique-Hernández EF, Rey-Serrano JJ, Quiñones-Bautista JA. Socioepidemiological macro-determinants associated with the cumulative incidence of bacterial meningitis: A focus on the African Meningitis Belt. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1088182. [PMID: 36864915 PMCID: PMC9971970 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1088182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial meningitis (BM) is a public health challenge as it is associated with high lethality and neurological sequelae. Worldwide, most cases are registered in the African Meningitis Belt (AMB). The role of particular socioepidemiological features is essential for understanding disease dynamics and optimizing policy-making. Objective To identify socioepidemiological macro-determinants that contribute to explaining the differences in BM incidence between AMB and the rest of Africa. Methods Country-level ecologic study based on the cumulative incidence estimates of the Global Burden of Disease study and reports of the MenAfriNet Consortium. Data about relevant socioepidemiological features were extracted from international sources. Multivariate regression models were implemented to define variables associated with the classification of African countries within the AMB and the incidence of BM worldwide. Results Cumulative incidences at the AMB sub-regions were 111.93 (west), 87.23 (central), 65.10 (east), and 42.47 (north) per 100,000 population. A pattern of common origin with continuous exposition and seasonality of cases was observed. Socio-epidemiological determinants contributing to differentiating the AMB from the rest of Africa were household occupancy (OR 3.17 CI 95% 1.09-9.22, p = 0.034) and malaria incidence (OR 1.01 CI 95% 1.00-1.02, p = 0.016). BM cumulative incidence worldwide was additionally associated with temperature and gross national income per capita. Conclusion Socioeconomic and climate conditions are macro-determinants associated with BM cumulative incidence. Multilevel designs are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel D. Pinilla-Monsalve
- Departamento de Neurología, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Natalia Llanos-Leyton
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
- Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
| | | | | | - Juan José Rey-Serrano
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Jairo Alonso Quiñones-Bautista
- Departamento de Neurología, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
- Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
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Ichihara MYT, Ramos D, Rebouças P, Oliveira FJ, Ferreira AJF, Teixeira C, Allik M, Katikireddi SV, Barreto ML, Leyland AH, Dundas R. Area deprivation measures used in Brazil: a scoping review. Rev Saude Publica 2018; 52:83. [PMID: 30183845 PMCID: PMC6122878 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2018052000933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe and assess currently used area-based measures of deprivation in Brazil for health research, to the purpose of informing the development of a future small area deprivation index. METHODS We searched five electronic databases and seven websites of Brazilian research institutions and governmental agencies. Inclusion criteria were: studies proposing measures of deprivation for small areas (i.e., finer geography than country-level) in Brazil, published in English, Portuguese or Spanish. After data-extraction, results were tabulated according to the area level the deprivation measure was created for and to the dimensions of deprivation or poverty included in the measures. A narrative synthesis approach was used to summarize the measures available, highlighting their utility for public health research. RESULTS A total of 7,199 records were retrieved, 126 full-text articles were assessed after inclusion criteria and a final list of 30 articles was selected. No small-area deprivation measures that have been applied to the whole of Brazil were found. Existing measures were mainly used to study infectious and parasitic diseases. Few studies used the measures to assess inequalities in mortality and no studies used the deprivation measure to evaluate the impact of social programs. CONCLUSIONS No up-to-date small area-based deprivation measure in Brazil covers the whole country. There is a need to develop such an index for Brazil to measure and monitor inequalities in health and mortality, particularly to assess progress in Brazil against the Sustainable Development Goal targets for different health outcomes, showing progress by socioeconomic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Yury Travassos Ichihara
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimentos para a Saúde. Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Dandara Ramos
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimentos para a Saúde. Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Poliana Rebouças
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimentos para a Saúde. Salvador, BA, Brasil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Saúde Coletiva. Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Flávia Jôse Oliveira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimentos para a Saúde. Salvador, BA, Brasil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Saúde Coletiva. Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Andrêa J F Ferreira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimentos para a Saúde. Salvador, BA, Brasil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Saúde Coletiva. Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Camila Teixeira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimentos para a Saúde. Salvador, BA, Brasil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Saúde Coletiva. Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Mirjam Allik
- University of Glasgow. MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit. Glasgow, Scotland
| | | | - Mauricio L Barreto
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimentos para a Saúde. Salvador, BA, Brasil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Saúde Coletiva. Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Alastair H Leyland
- University of Glasgow. MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit. Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Ruth Dundas
- University of Glasgow. MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit. Glasgow, Scotland
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Jiang H, Su M, Kui L, Huang H, Qiu L, Li L, Ma J, Du T, Fan M, Sun Q, Liu X. Prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles of cerebrospinal fluid pathogens in children with acute bacterial meningitis in Yunnan province, China, 2012-2015. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180161. [PMID: 28662145 PMCID: PMC5491142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute bacterial meningitis is still considered one of the most dangerous infectious diseases in children. To investigate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathogens in children with acute bacterial meningitis in Southwest China, CSF samples from 179 meningitis patients (3 days to 12 years old) with positive culture results were collected from 2012 to 2015. Isolated pathogens were identified using the Vitek-32 system. Gram stain results were used to guide subcultures and susceptibility testing. The antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was determined using the disc diffusion method. Of the isolates, 50.8% were Gram-positive bacteria, and 49.2% were Gram-negative bacteria. The most prevalent pathogens were E. coli (28.5%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (17.8%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (10.0%), Haemophilus influenzae type b (9.5%), and group B streptococcus (7.2%). In young infants aged ≤3 months, E. coli was the organism most frequently isolated from CSF (39/76; 51.3%), followed by group B streptococcus (13/76; 17.1%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (8/76; 10.5%). However, in young infants aged >3 months, the most frequently isolated organism was Streptococcus pneumoniae (24/103; 23.3%), followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (18/103; 17.5%) and Haemophilus influenzae type b (16/103; 15.5%). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests indicated that for E. coli isolates, the susceptibility rates to aminoglycosides ranged from 56.8% to 100.0%, among them, amikacin was identified as the most effective against E. coli. As for cephalosporins, the susceptibility rates ranged from 29.4% to 78.4%, and cefoxitin was identified as the most effective cephalosporin. In addition, the susceptibility rates of piperacillin/tazobactam and imipenem against E. coli were 86.3% and 100%. Meanwhile, the susceptibility rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates to penicillin G, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone and tetracycline were 68.8%, 0.0%, 87.5%, 81.3% and 0.0%, respectively. Gentamycin, ofloxacin, linezolid and vancomycin were identified as the most effective antibiotics for Streptococcus pneumoniae, each with susceptibility rates of 100%. It was notable that other emerging pathogens, such as Listeria monocytogenes and group D streptococcus, cannot be underestimated in meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Jiang
- The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, P.R. China.,Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Min Su
- The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Liyue Kui
- The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Hailin Huang
- The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Qiu
- The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, P.R. China.,Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Jing Ma
- The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Tingyi Du
- The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Mao Fan
- The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Qiangming Sun
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, P.R. China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, P.R. China
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Brazilian meningococcal C conjugate vaccine: Scaling up studies. Vaccine 2015; 33:4281-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.03.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Masuda ET, Carvalhanas TRMP, Fernandes RMBP, Casagrande ST, Okada PS, Waldman EA. Mortalidade por doença meningocócica no Município de São Paulo, Brasil: características e preditores. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2015; 31:405-16. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00018914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O estudo objetiva descrever a magnitude, as características da mortalidade e da letalidade por doença meningocócica e investigar preditores de óbito por essa causa, no Município de São Paulo, Brasil, de 1986 a 2004. Utilizou-se a regressão logística múltipla não condicional para a investigação dos preditores de óbitos. Foram estudados 10.087 casos de doença meningocócica no município. A taxa anual média de mortalidade foi de 1,0/100 mil habitantes/ano, variando de 0,2 a 1,8; a letalidade foi de 20,5% com grandes diferenças segundo idade, sorogrupo e tipo de hospital. Os preditores de óbito por doença meningocócica foram idade, especialmente as faixas etárias de um a dois anos e de 40 anos ou mais e o sorogrupo W. Os resultados obtidos podem contribuir para a elaboração de políticas públicas com foco na organização da assistência hospitalar e elaboração de protocolos que promovam a maior efetividade do tratamento e a aplicação de estratégias de vacinação que diminuam a incidência nos grupos de maior risco para óbito por doença meningocócica.
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Mekitarian Filho E, Horita SM, Gilio AE, Nigrovic LE. Cerebrospinal fluid lactate level as a diagnostic biomarker for bacterial meningitis in children. Int J Emerg Med 2014; 7:14. [PMID: 24576334 PMCID: PMC3996047 DOI: 10.1186/1865-1380-7-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate is a potential biomarker for bacterial meningitis in children. To this end, we performed a single-center retrospective cohort study of children from Sao Paulo, Brazil, with CSF pleocytosis to evaluate the ability of CSF lactate to distinguish between children with bacterial and aseptic meningitis. We determined the optimum cutoff point for CSF lactate using receiver-operator curve (ROC) analysis. FINDINGS We identified 451 children of whom 40 (9%) had bacterial meningitis. Children with bacterial meningitis had a higher median CSF lactate level [9.6 mmol/l, interquartile range (IQR) 3.2-38.5 mmol/l bacterial meningitis vs. 2.0 mmol/l, IQR 1.2-2.8 mmol/l aseptic meningitis]. A CSF lactate cutoff point of 3.0 mmol/l had a sensitivity of 95% [95% confidence interval (CI) 83-99%), specificity of 94% (95% CI 90-96%) and negative predictive value of 99.3% (95% CI 97.7-99.9%) for bacterial meningitis. CONCLUSIONS In combination with a validated meningitis clinical prediction rule, the CSF lactate level can be used to distinguish between bacterial and aseptic meningitis in children with CSF pleocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Mekitarian Filho
- Pediatric Emergency Department, University Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, and Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av, Prof, Lineu Prestes, 2565 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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The bacterial meningitis score to distinguish bacterial from aseptic meningitis in children from Sao Paulo, Brazil. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013; 32:1026-9. [PMID: 24008742 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0b013e3182913e84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In a retrospective cohort of 494 children with meningitis in Sao Paulo, Brazil, the Bacterial Meningitis Score identified all the children with bacterial meningitis (sensitivity 100%, 95% confidence interval: 92-100% and negative predictive value 100%, 95% confidence interval: 98-100%). Addition of cerebrospinal fluid lactate to the score did not improve clinical prediction rule performance.
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