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Chimbola OM, Lungu EM, Szomolay B. Optimal control application to a Kaposi’s sarcoma treatment model. INT J BIOMATH 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793524521500819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a malignant disorder of lymphatic endothelial origin that can have two main variants: AIDS-related KS (AKS) and non-AIDS related KS (NAKS) that all share a causal relationship with the human herpesvirus-8 (KSHV or HHV-8). We develop a mathematical model that accounts for B-cells latently and lytically infected with HHV-8 as well as the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. As a sequel to numerous studies that have investigated the inhibition of HHV-8 endocytosis and reactivation of HHV-8 replication, we employ optimal control strategy to obtain treatment efficacies for these two therapeutic approaches. We have shown that when [Formula: see text] of the B-cell infections result in latency, administration of high efficacy drugs that inhibit entry and reactivation of latently infected B-cells leads to the clearance of KS as the population of infected cells cannot be sustained. Our results also reveal that at [Formula: see text] latency of B-cells, the therapy could produce similar results if the drug that targets viral entry is of moderate efficacy but the efficacy of the drug inhibiting reactivation is considerably more than [Formula: see text] Administration of the same drugs but both at moderate efficacy levels leads to the depletion of both uninfected B- and progenitor cells, a scenario which can lead to the growth of KS variants. When [Formula: see text] of the B-cell infections result in latency, administration with high efficacy drugs reduces the viral entry of HHV-8 but as [Formula: see text] of the infected B-cells are productive, this event leads to production of HHV-8 which ultimately results in more progenitor cells getting infected and the growth of KS. Our findings have the potential to offer more effective therapeutic approaches in the treatment of NAKS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obias M. Chimbola
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Mulungushi University, P. O. Box 80415, Kabwe, Zambia
- Department of Mathematics and Statistical Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, P/B 16 Palapye, Botswana
| | - Edward M. Lungu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistical Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, P/B 16 Palapye, Botswana
| | - Barbara Szomolay
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
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The Prevalence of Human Herpes Virus Type 8 in Semen Specimens of HIV-Negative Iranian Population Detected by Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.90667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tembo R, Kaile T, Kafita D, Chisanga C, Kalonda A, Zulu E, Samutela M, Polepole P, Kwenda G. Detection of Human Herpes Virus 8 in Kaposi's sarcoma tissues at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia. Pan Afr Med J 2017; 27:137. [PMID: 28904666 PMCID: PMC5567952 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2017.27.137.11845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human herpes virus-8, a γ2-herpes virus, is the aetiological agent of Kaposi sarcoma. Recently, Kaposi's sarcoma cases have increased in Zambia. However, the diagnosis of this disease is based on morphological appearance of affected tissues using histological techniques, and the association with its causative agent, Human Herpes virus 8 is not sought. This means poor prognosis for affected patients since the causative agent is not targeted during diagnosis and KS lesions may be mistaken for other reactive and neoplastic vascular proliferations when only histological techniques are used. Therefore, this study was aimed at providing evidence of Human Herpes virus 8 infection in Kaposi's sarcoma tissues at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. METHODS One hundred and twenty suspected Kaposi's sarcoma archival formalin-fixed paraffin-wax embedded tissues stored from January 2013 to December 2014 in the Histopathology Laboratory at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia were analysed using histology and Polymerase Chain Reaction targeting the ORF26 gene of Human Herpes virus 8. RESULTS The predominant histological type of Kaposi's sarcoma detected was the Nodular type (60.7%) followed by the plaque type (22.6%) and patch type (16.7%). The nodular lesion was identified mostly in males (40.5%, 34/84) than females (20.2%, 17/84) (p=0.041). Human Herpes virus 8 DNA was detected in 53.6% (45/84) and mostly in the nodular KS lesions (60%, 27/84) (p=0.035). CONCLUSION The findings in this study show that the Human Herpes virus-8 is detectable in Kaposi's sarcoma tissues, and, as previously reported in other settings, is closely associated with Kaposi's sarcoma. The study has provided important baseline data for use in the diagnosis of this disease and the identification of the virus in the tissues will aid in targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabecca Tembo
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Trevor Kaile
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Doris Kafita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Chrispin Chisanga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Annie Kalonda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ephraim Zulu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Mulemba Samutela
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Pascal Polepole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Geoffrey Kwenda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
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Machado PRL, Farias KJS, Pereira MGM, de Freitas PPDS, da Fonseca BAL. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) detected by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in HIV patients with or without Kaposi's sarcoma. An analytic cross-sectional study. SAO PAULO MED J 2015; 134:187-92. [PMID: 25885486 PMCID: PMC10496606 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2014.8973010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a common neoplastic disease in AIDS patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, with or without KS manifestations and correlate HHV-8 detection with KS staging. DESIGN AND SETTING Analytic cross-sectional study conducted in a public tertiary-level university hospital in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS Antibodies against HHV-8 lytic-phase antigens were detected by means of the immunofluorescence assay. HHV-8 DNA was detected in the patient samples through a nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR) that amplified a region of open reading frame (ORF)-26 of HHV-8. RESULTS Anti-HHV-8 antibodies were detected in 30% of non-KS patients and 100% of patients with KS. Furthermore, the HHV-8 DNA detection rates observed in HIV-positive patients with KS were 42.8% in serum, 95.4% in blood samples and 100% in skin biopsies; and in patients without KS, the detection rate was 4% in serum. Out of the 16 serum samples from patients with KS-AIDS who were classified as stage II, two were positive (12.5%); and out of the 33 samples from patients in stage IV, 19 (57.6%) were positive. CONCLUSION We observed an association between HHV-8 detection and disease staging, which was higher in the serum of patients in stage IV. This suggests that detection of HHV-8 DNA in serum could be very useful for clinical assessment of patients with KS and for monitoring disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Renata Lima Machado
- PhD. Biomedical Scientist, Virology Research Center, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Kleber Juvenal Silva Farias
- PhD. Biomedical Scientist, Virology Research Center, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Maira Gabriela Martins Pereira
- MSc. Biologist, Virology Research Center, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Pereira da Silva de Freitas
- PhD. Veterinarian, Virology Research Center, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Benedito Antônio Lopes da Fonseca
- MD, PhD. Associate Professor, Virology Research Center, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Murahwa AT, Muchemwa FC, Duri K, Borok MZ, Kanyera RB, Manhanzva MT, Mapingure MP, Stray-Pedersen B. Presence of Betapapillomavirus in Kaposi sarcoma lesions. J Med Virol 2014; 86:1556-9. [PMID: 24706580 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Human herpes virus 8 (HHV 8) is recognized as the necessary cause of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and in the recent past the human papillomavirus (HPV) has been linked to the development of cutaneous basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas. In a cross sectional study investigating Beta-HPV infections in skin lesions, an unexpected occurrence of HPV DNA was found in KS lesions of HIV infected individuals. Of the 18 KS cases included in the study 16 (89%) had HPV DNA detected. The most common Betapapillomavirus types were HPV14 [15 cases (83.3%)], HPV12 [8 cases (44.4%)], and HPV24 [7 cases (39%)]. Multiple Beta-HPV types were detected in 10 (62.5%) of the participants with HPV DNA positive lesions; of these 7 had a CD4+ count below 350 cells/µl and 3 had CD4+ counts above 350 cells/µl. The presence of Beta-HPV DNA in KS lesions is a newly described phenomenon. Further studies to elucidate the role of Beta-HPV in KS need to be conducted as it is possible that HHV 8 may not be the solitary viral carcinogen in KS tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alltalents T Murahwa
- Department of Immunology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe
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Kourí V, Martínez PA, Blanco O, Capó V, Rodríguez ME, Dovigny MDC, Cardellá L, Gala A, Jiménez NA, Correa C, Alemán Y, Pérez L, Álvarez A, Hengge U. Simultaneous quantification of human herpesvirus 8 DNA by real time PCR in different tissues of HIV infected cuban patients with Kaposi's sarcoma. HERPESVIRIDAE 2010; 1:3. [PMID: 21429238 PMCID: PMC3050434 DOI: 10.1186/2042-4280-1-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In Cuba, previous reports have shown an increase of epidemic KS, reaching a total of 120 cases by the end of 2007, despite the use of HAART. To evaluate and compare the role of human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) viral loads in different compartments of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS-KS) patients real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to determine the genome copy number of HHV-8 in plasma, saliva, tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 49 AIDS-KS patients. Overall, 98% of AIDS-KS patients harbored detectable HHV-8. HHV-8 could be detected in 91.6% of KS tissue lesions showing the highest viral load (median log = 3.14 copies/100 ng DNA) followed by saliva and PBMC which were positive in 78%, and 69.2%; respectively. In contrast, HHV-8 was detected in only 37% of plasma samples, which also showed lower viral loads. Men who had sex with men (MSM) were more likely to have three-times higher HHV-8 genome copies in KS lesions when compared with tissues from heterosexuals individuals (OR 3; 95% CI 1.1 to 12.5). These results emphasize the systemic nature of HHV-8-infection and demonstrate the possible role of saliva in HHV-8 transmission among MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Kourí
- Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kourí", Havana City, Cuba
| | | | - Orestes Blanco
- Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kourí", Havana City, Cuba
| | - Virginia Capó
- Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kourí", Havana City, Cuba
| | | | | | | | - Angela Gala
- Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kourí", Havana City, Cuba
| | | | - Consuelo Correa
- Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kourí", Havana City, Cuba
| | - Yoan Alemán
- Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kourí", Havana City, Cuba
| | - Lissette Pérez
- Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kourí", Havana City, Cuba
| | - Alina Álvarez
- Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kourí", Havana City, Cuba
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Caterino-de-Araujo A, Magri MC, Manuel RCR. Patterns of antibodies against latent and lytic antigens of human herpesvirus 8 in an endemic population and patients with Kaposi's sarcoma in Mozambique. J Med Virol 2010; 82:1576-81. [PMID: 20648612 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The patterns of antibodies against latent and lytic antigens of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) were assessed using immunofluorescence assays of samples from 155 persons seropositive for HHV-8 seen at public health centers and 24 patients with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) from Mozambique. Of the 155 persons without KS, 48 (31%) had antibodies against latent antigens only, 29 (18.7%) had antibodies against lytic antigens only, and 78 (50.3%) had antibodies against both types of antigen. The HHV-8 antibody titer tended to increase with age until age 40, after which it began to decrease. High titers of antibodies against latent and lytic antigens of HHV-8 were detected mostly in persons co-infected with HIV, and these increased titers could have a predictive value. All patients with KS except four patients who were seronegative for HHV-8 had elevated titers of HHV-8 antibodies, predominantly against latent antigens. The data suggest the potential for an increase in the development of KS in this endemic area for HHV-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Caterino-de-Araujo
- Immunology Department, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Secretary of Health of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Successful treatment with liposomal doxorubicin for widespread Kaposi's sarcoma and human herpesvirus-8 related severe hemophagocytic syndrome in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Int J Hematol 2009; 89:195-200. [PMID: 19130173 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-008-0232-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Revised: 08/11/2008] [Accepted: 11/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) sometimes occurres in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8)/Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus has so far been recognized as a trigger of HPS in immunosuppressed subject. We describe a 39-year-old man with AIDS who had widespread mucocutaneous and pulmonary KS and severe HPS. No opportunistic infections or neoplasias were detected except for KS. HHV-8-DNA could be detected in this patient by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the serum. Clinical symptoms and cytopenia originating from HPS were reduced by pulse therapy of corticosteroid, antibiotics, and virucides, but recurred with dose reduction of the steroid. Mucocutaneous tumors, edema, and dyspnea had progressed rapidly at this time. Liposomal doxorubicin was given and showed marked effects on both mucocutaneous and plural tumors. HPS also subsided and the serum HHV-8 DNA level markedly decreased after initial treatment with liposomal doxorubicin. HHV-8 clearance with liposomal doxorubicin has recently been reported. Liposomal doxorubicin suppressed not only the widespread KS tumors, but also HHV-8 viremia resulting in decreased HPS in this patient.
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Feller L, Lemmer J. Insights into pathogenic events of HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma and immune reconstitution syndrome related Kaposi sarcoma. Infect Agent Cancer 2008; 3:1. [PMID: 18208585 PMCID: PMC2265259 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-3-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 01/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A decrease in the incidence of human immune deficiency virus-associated Kaposi sarcoma (HIV-KS) and regression of some established HIV-KS lesions is evident after the introduction of highly active anti-retroviral treatment (HAART), and is attributed to generalized immune restoration, to the reconstitution of human herpesvirus (HHV)-8 specific cellular immune responses, and to the decrease in HIV Tat protein and HHV-8 loads following HAART. However, a small subset of HIV-seropositive subjects with a low CD4+ T cell count at the time of introduction of HAART, may develop HIV-KS as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) within 8 weeks thereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liviu Feller
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Box D26 School of Dentistry, University of Limpopo Medunsa Campus, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Csire M, Mikala G, Peto M, Jánosi J, Juhász A, Tordai A, Jákó J, Domján G, Dolgos J, Berencsi G, Vályi-Nagy I. Detection of four lymphotropic herpesviruses in Hungarian Patients with multiple myeloma and lymphoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 49:62-7. [PMID: 17132141 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2006.00171.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), also known as KSHV (Kaposi's sarcoma-associated human herpesvirus), might possess a promoting effect in the development and progression of monoclonal gammopathies. In this study, the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) were tested in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) using both serologic and nucleic acid amplification techniques. The transient reactivation or continuous presence of EBV, CMV, HHV-6 and HHV-8 could be detected in, respectively, 36, eight, 13 and 29 of 69 MM patients; nine, one, four and six of 16 monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance patients; and seven, four, zero and five of 10 Waldenström's macroglobulinemia patients. The total number of MM patients was 95. HHV-8 PCR-positivity was significantly more frequent in the MM group than in the control group of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). However, serologic testing did not reveal significant differences between the two patient groups. The number of MM patients with concomitant herpesvirus infections as detected by PCR was as follows: 15 double, seven triple and two quadruple virus nucleic acid positive. In 13/95 MM patients, the simultaneous presence of acute EBV infection and HHV-8 PCR-positivity was detected compared with none of the control group (P=0.009). These results indicate that in addition to HHV-8, the transitional reactivation of EBV may also play a role in the pathogenesis of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márta Csire
- Division of Virology, National Center for Epidemiology, Budapest, Hungary.
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