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Zeng QH, Gong MF, Yang H, Chen NN, Lei Q, Jin DC. Effect of four chitinase genes on the female fecundity in Sogatella furcifera (Horváth). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:1912-1923. [PMID: 38088492 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The white-backed planthopper (WPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horváth), is a destructive rice pest with strong reproductive capacity. To gain insights into the roles of chitinases in the reproductive process of this insect species, this study represents the first-ever endeavor to conduct an in-depth exploration into the reproductive functions of four chitinase genes. RESULTS In this study, it was observed that four chitinase genes were expressed in female adults, with a relatively high expression level in the ovaries. SfCht2 and SfIDGF1 were highly expressed during later ovarian development. while SfENGase increased and then decreased with ovarian development. SfCht2, SfCht6-2 and SfENGase were highly expressed in fat body on the first and second days after eclosion, whereas SfIDGF1 highest on day 7. Compared with control group, Silencing four chitinase genes inhibited ovarian development and significantly shortened the oviposition period of S. furcifera, reducing egg-laying capacity but not affecting egg hatching. The detection demonstrated that the expression levels of SfVg, SfVgR and 70-90% juvenile hormone (JH) signaling pathway-related reproductive genes was significantly down-regulated. Moreover, SfCht6-2 and SfENGase significantly affected the expression levels of Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway genes. SfENGase had the ability to impact nutrient signaling pathways and fatty acid metabolism, repressing vitellogenin synthesis and ultimately influencing ovarian development of S. furcifera. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study provides insight into the function of chitinases in insect fecundity and is of great significance for enriching the cognition of insect chitinase function. They will become the suitable target genes for controlling the most destructive rice planthoppers. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hui Zeng
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China Guiyang, Guiyang, China
| | - Ming-Fu Gong
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China Guiyang, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China Guiyang, Guiyang, China
| | - Ning-Nan Chen
- Plant Protection 2020, Agricultural College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qing Lei
- Plant Protection 2020, Agricultural College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Dao-Chao Jin
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China Guiyang, Guiyang, China
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Zhang R, Liu W, Zhang Z. miR-306-5p is involved in chitin metabolism in Aedes albopictus pupae via linc8338-miR-306-5p-XM_019678125.2 axis. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 200:105811. [PMID: 38582583 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Aedes albopictus can transmit several lethal arboviruses. This mosquito has become a sever public health threat due to its rapidly changing global distribution. Chitin, which is the major component of the cuticle and peritrophic membrane (PM), is crucial for the growth and development of insect. microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the posttranscriptional level regulation of gene expression, thereby influencing many biological processes in insects. In this study, an attempt was made to evaluate the role of miR-306-5p in regulating chitin metabolism in Ae. albopictus pupae. Overexpression of miR-306-5p resulted in a significantly reduced survival rate in pupae and an increased malformation rate in adults. Both in vivo and in vitro evidence confirmed the presence of the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory axis (linc8338-miR-306-5p-XM_019678125.2). RNAi of linc8338 and XM_019678125.2 had effects on pupae similar to those of miR-306-5p. The highest expression level of miR-306-5p was found in the midgut, and alteration in the expression of miR-306-5p, XM_019678125.2 and linc8338 induced increased transcript levels of chitin synthase 2 (AaCHS2) and decreased chitinase 10 (AaCht10); as well as increased thickness of the midgut and enlarged midgut epithelial cells. The results of this study highlight the potential of miR-306-5p as a prospective target in mosquito control and confirm that the ceRNA mechanism is involved in chitin metabolism. These findings will provide a basis for further studies to uncover the molecular mechanisms through which ncRNAs regulate chitin metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiling Zhang
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan 250117, China; School of Laboratory Animal & Shandong Laboratory Animal Center, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan 250117, China.
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan 250117, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan 250117, China.
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Garbuio M, Lima AR, Silva KJS, De Souza M, Inada NM, Dias LD, Bagnato VS. Influence of temperature combined with photodynamic inactivation on the development of Aedes aegypti. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 45:103977. [PMID: 38224724 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.103977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
To reduce the speed of selection of populations resistant to chemical insecticides, photodynamic inactivation (PDI) against Aedes aegypti is a hot-topic and promising alternative technique to vector control. Temperature is an important factor in the survival of Ae. aegypti larvae and mosquitoes as it influences physiology, behavior, and ecology. This work aimed to evaluate parameters of the biological cycle of Ae. aegypti such as: hatching rate, larval development, adult mosquito longevity, sex ratio, weight, and lethal concentration of larval mortality (LC) through the combination of PDI with different temperatures. The number of larvae found after 48 h suggests that temperature affects hatching rate. Additionally, results showed a delay in development of surviving larvae after PDI when compared to control groups, and there was a reduction in the longevity of mosquitoes that undertook photodynamic action. PDI also led to a predominance of male insects, and observed weight indicates that the inactivation method may have also interfered in mosquito size. The results point to a satisfactory performance of PDI at all tested temperatures. Experimental conditions that were not lethal to all larvae implied that PDI impacts the mosquitoes' biological cycle. Though metabolism and development are improved at higher temperatures, so is PDI action, thus maintaining the net benefit. Therefore, it is assumed that the proposed photolarvicide can be useful in reducing arbovirus transmission, and results invite for future research in different abiotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Garbuio
- Environmental Biophotonics Laboratory, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil; PPG Biotec, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Ramos Lima
- Environmental Biophotonics Laboratory, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil.
| | - Kamila Jessie Sammarro Silva
- Environmental Biophotonics Laboratory, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Mariana De Souza
- Environmental Biophotonics Laboratory, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Natalia Mayumi Inada
- Environmental Biophotonics Laboratory, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Lucas Danilo Dias
- Laboratório de Novos Materiais, Universidade Evangélica de Goiás, Anápolis, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato
- Environmental Biophotonics Laboratory, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, Texas, USA
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Mahyoub JA, Algamdi AG, Aljameeli MM. Resistance development to bioinsecticides in Aedes aegypti (Culicidae: Diptera), the vector of dengue fever in Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103776. [PMID: 37635838 PMCID: PMC10458291 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A laboratory strain of Aedes aegypti (L) was subjected repeatedly to larval selection pressure with two bacterial insecticides, spinosad (Saccharopolyspora spinosa) and bacilod (Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis). The results indicated that the mosquito Ae. aegypti acquired low resistance to spinosad and bacilod by about 3.1 and 2.4-fold, respectively, due to selection pressure for fifteen successive generations. The slope values of the selected strains were increased gradually from one generation to the next, indicating moderate homogeneity between individuals in their response to the test bio-insecticide. Moreover, larval selection with current bacterial bioinsecticides prolonged the time required to digest a blood meal. It showed an evident decrease in the reproductive potential of adult mosquitoes surviving selected larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazem A. Mahyoub
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box: 80203, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah G. Algamdi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box: 80203, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad M. Aljameeli
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
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A Review of the Use of Pyriproxyfen for Controlling Aedes aegypti in Argentina. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40475-022-00278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Muhseen ZT, Ahmad S, Li G. Structural basis of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase and identification of promising terpenes to control Aedes aegypti. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 204:111820. [PMID: 33964525 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
According to the world health organization (WHO) 2020 report, vector borne diseases account for 17 % of all infections with reported 700 thousand death each year. They are of considerable importance to health professionals as they are posing a serious health threat and include dengue fever, Zika fever, chikungunya, yellow fever, and other disease agents. Aedes aegypti serve as a vector for transmitting several of these tropical fevers. In the present study, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase enzyme (Aa-UAP) of A. aegypti which plays a significant contribution in chitin metabolism is targeted with natural terpenes to propose an eco-friendly and novel candidates for the development of new insecticides. The three dimensional Aa-UAP structure was constructed via a comparative homology approach and validated, followed by structure-based virtual screening against 1000 terpenes collected from natural MDP3 and NPACT databases. Top hits were subjected to molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and binding free energies analysis to elucidate complex intermolecular stability and affinity over simulated time. The results demonstrated that Aa-UAP possesses a homodimer state and its active site residues are well conserved. Three compounds (NPACT00138, NPACT00452, and NPACT00839) were prioritized as they are establishing conserved and stable interactions with the active binding-site residues of Aa-UAP. Conclusively, the reported Aa-UAP specific terpenes could serve as promising leads in order to develop potential insecticides. Importantly, the FDA approved drug NPACT00839 (Paclitaxel) could be used further in the fast-track experimental testing pipeline for biological optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyad Tariq Muhseen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China; School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Guanglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China; School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
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Mezzacappo NF, de Souza LM, Inada NM, Dias LD, Garbuio M, Venturini FP, Corrêa TQ, Moura L, Blanco KC, de Oliveira KT, Bagnato VS. Curcumin/d-mannitol as photolarvicide: induced delay in larval development time, changes in sex ratio and reduced longevity of Aedes aegypti. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:2530-2538. [PMID: 33470514 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistant populations of Ae. aegypti have been a major problem in arboviruses epidemic areas, generating a strong demand for novel methods of vector control. In this regard, our group has demonstrated the use of curcumin as an efficient photoactive larvicide to eliminate Ae. aegypti larvae. This work was aimed to evaluate the Ae. aegypti (Rockefeller) development under sublethal conditions, using a curcumin/d-mannitol (DMC) formulation. The photolarvicidal efficacy under semi-field and field conditions (wild populations) was also analyzed, as well as the photobleaching and residual activity of DMC. RESULTS A delay in development time when larvae were exposed to sublethal concentrations of DMC was observed, followed by significant changes in sex ratio and reduction in longevity. DMC also presented a low residual activity when compared to usual larvicides, and had a substantial photolarvicidal activity against wild populations in field trials, achieving 71.3% mortality after 48 h. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings are of great biological importance for the process of enabling the implementation of DMC as a new product in the control of Ae. aegypti larvae, and contributes to the improvement of new plant-based larvicides. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lucas Danilo Dias
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Matheus Garbuio
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
- PPG Biotec, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lidia Moura
- São Carlos School of Engineering, Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
- Hagler Fellow, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Ali MW, Khan MM, Song F, Wu L, He L, Wang Z, Zhang ZY, Zhang H, Jiang Y. RNA Interference-Based Silencing of the Chitin Synthase 1 Gene for Reproductive and Developmental Disruptions in Panonychus citri. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11110786. [PMID: 33187256 PMCID: PMC7697958 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The Chitin Synthase 1 gene, when suppressed with RNAi, imparts differences in the structural development, physiology, and synthesis of epidermal chitin, which ultimately leads to the mortality of the target pest. The results presented here will help to illuminate the molecular mechanism and function of the PcCHS1 gene, which regulates the egg-laying potential in adult citrus red mites. Using the leaf dip method, we found that dsRNA was potent and effective, and significantly reduced the egg-laying potential and hatching of citrus red mite eggs. These results show the potential utility of the PcCHS1 gene in the development of novel RNA interference strategies for controlling the citrus red mite. Abstract Chitin synthase 1 (CHS1) is an essential gene regulating chitin during different developmental stages of arthropods. In the current study, we explored for the first time the role of CHS1 gene regulation in the citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae), by silencing its expression using (RNA interference) RNAi-based strategies. The results reveal that P. citri tested in different developmental stages, including larvae, protonymphs, deutonymphs, and adults fed on sweet orange leaves dipped in various concentrations (200, 400, 600, and 800 ng/μL) of dsRNA-PcCHS1, resulted in a continuous reduction in their gene expression, and the extent of transcript knockdown was positively correlated with the concentration of dsRNA. Concentration–mortality response assays revealed a mortality of more than 50% among all the studied developmental stages, except for adulthood. Furthermore, the target gene dsRNA-PcCHS1 treatment of larvae, protonymphs, deutonymphs, and females at a treatment rate of 800 ng/mL of dsRNA significantly decreased the egg-laying rates by 48.50%, 43.79%, 54%, and 39%, respectively, and the hatching rates were also considerably reduced by 64.70%, 70%, 64%, and 52.90%, respectively. Moreover, using the leaf dip method, we found that the RNA interference effectively reduced the PcCHS1 transcript levels by 42.50% and 42.06% in the eggs and adults, respectively. The results of this study demonstrate that the RNAi of PcCHS1 can dramatically reduce the survival and fecundity of P. citri, but the dsRNA concentrations and developmental stages can significantly influence the RNAi effects. These findings indicate the potential utility of the PcCHS1 gene in causing developmental irregularities, which could aid in the development of effective and novel RNAi-based strategies for controlling P. citri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqar Ali
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (M.W.A.); (F.S.); (L.W.); (L.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Muhammad Musa Khan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Fang Song
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (M.W.A.); (F.S.); (L.W.); (L.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Liming Wu
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (M.W.A.); (F.S.); (L.W.); (L.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Ligang He
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (M.W.A.); (F.S.); (L.W.); (L.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhijing Wang
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (M.W.A.); (F.S.); (L.W.); (L.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhen-yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yingchun Jiang
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (M.W.A.); (F.S.); (L.W.); (L.H.); (Z.W.)
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (Y.J.)
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Gonzalez PV, Harburguer L. Lufenuron can be transferred by gravid Aedes aegypti females to breeding sites and can affect their fertility, fecundity and blood intake capacity. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:257. [PMID: 32414396 PMCID: PMC7227266 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04130-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes aegypti (L.) is the main vector of dengue, yellow fever, Zika and chikungunya viruses. A new method for controlling this mosquito has been developed based on the possibility that wild adult mosquitoes exposed to artificial resting sites contaminated with a larvicide, can disseminate it to larval breeding sites, is named "auto-dissemination". The present study was undertaken to evaluate if a chitin synthesis inhibitor like lufenuron can be disseminated to larval breeding sites and prevent adult emergence and also if forced contact of Ae. aegypti females with treated surfaces can affect its fertility, fecundity, and blood intake capacity. METHODS Larval susceptibility to lufenuron was measured through EI50 and EI90. On the other hand, gravid females were exposed by tarsal contact to lufenuron-treated papers, we used the WHO susceptibility test kit tube to line the papers, and 1, 3 or 5 females for the transference. We also evaluated if the exposure of female mosquitoes to lufenuron-treated papers (0.4 and 1 mg a.i./cm2) has an effect on their fertility, fecundity or in the ability to feed on blood. In each assay 12-15 female mosquitoes were exposed to lufenuron for 1 h, 24 h before blood meal (BBM) or 24 h after a blood meal (ABM). RESULTS Lufenuron proved to be very active against Ae. aegypti larvae with an EI50 of 0.164 ppb and EI90 of 0.81 ppb. We also found that lufenuron can be transferred by females from treated surfaces to clean containers causing the inhibition of emergence of the larvae (between 30 and 50%). This effect was dependent on the concentration applied on the paper and the number of females added to each cage. CONCLUSIONS This study introduces an innovation by first exploring the possibility that an insect growth regulator (IGR) belonging to the group of benzoylphenyl ureas, such as lufenuron, can be transferred by gravid females to breeding sites and that at the same time can have an effect on fertility, fecundity and blood intake capacity of adult mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula V. Gonzalez
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (CIPEIN-UNIDEF/CITEDEF/CONICET), J.B. de La Salle 4397, Villa Martelli (1603), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Harburguer
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (CIPEIN-UNIDEF/CITEDEF/CONICET), J.B. de La Salle 4397, Villa Martelli (1603), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Houston SD, Fahrenhorst-Jones T, Xing H, Chalmers BA, Sykes ML, Stok JE, Farfan Soto C, Burns JM, Bernhardt PV, De Voss JJ, Boyle GM, Smith MT, Tsanaktsidis J, Savage GP, Avery VM, Williams CM. The cubane paradigm in bioactive molecule discovery: further scope, limitations and the cyclooctatetraene complement. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 17:6790-6798. [PMID: 31241113 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01238a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The cubane phenyl ring bioisostere paradigm was further explored in an extensive study covering a wide range of pharmaceutical and agrochemical templates, which included antibiotics (cefaclor, penicillin G) and antihistamine (diphenhydramine), a smooth muscle relaxant (alverine), an anaesthetic (ketamine), an agrochemical instecticide (triflumuron), an antiparasitic (benznidazole) and an anticancer agent (tamibarotene). This investigation highlights the scope and limitations of incorporating cubane into bioactive molecule discovery, both in terms of synthetic compatibility and physical property matching. Cubane maintained bioisosterism in the case of the Chagas disease antiparasitic benznidazole, although it was less active in the case of the anticancer agent (tamibarotenne). Application of the cyclooctatetraene (COT) (bio)motif complement was found to optimize benznidazole relative to the benzene parent, and augmented anticancer activity relative to the cubane analogue in the case of tamibarotene. Like all bioisosteres, scaffolds and biomotifs, however, there are limitations (e.g. synthetic implementation), and these have been specifically highlighted herein using failed examples. A summary of all templates prepared to date by our group that were biologically evaluated strongly supports the concept that cubane is a valuable tool in bioactive molecule discovery and COT is a viable complement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevan D Houston
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, 4072, Queensland (QLD), Australia.
| | - Tyler Fahrenhorst-Jones
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, 4072, Queensland (QLD), Australia.
| | - Hui Xing
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, 4072, Queensland (QLD), Australia.
| | - Benjamin A Chalmers
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, 4072, Queensland (QLD), Australia.
| | - Melissa L Sykes
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Jeanette E Stok
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, 4072, Queensland (QLD), Australia.
| | - Clementina Farfan Soto
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, 4072, Queensland (QLD), Australia.
| | - Jed M Burns
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, 4072, Queensland (QLD), Australia.
| | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, 4072, Queensland (QLD), Australia.
| | - James J De Voss
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, 4072, Queensland (QLD), Australia.
| | - Glen M Boyle
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, PO Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, 4029, QLD, Australia
| | - Maree T Smith
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UQ, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John Tsanaktsidis
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Ian Wark Laboratory, Melbourne, 3168, Victoria (VIC), Australia
| | - G Paul Savage
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Ian Wark Laboratory, Melbourne, 3168, Victoria (VIC), Australia
| | - Vicky M Avery
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Craig M Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, 4072, Queensland (QLD), Australia.
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Mosquitocidal Chips Containing the Insect Growth Regulator Pyriproxyfen for Control of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16122152. [PMID: 31216627 PMCID: PMC6617530 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti were exposed to water treated with mosquitocidal chips containing the insecticide pyriproxyfen in a polymer formulation. Chips were tested under different conditions; different water volumes, in containers made of different material, and in water with different levels of organic matter. Treated chips caused 100% mortality of Ae. aegypti during their pupal stage independent of size or type of container, and the mount of organic matter contained in the water to which the mosquito larvae were exposed. When mosquitocidal chips were used in >25% of the oviposition containers within their cages, there was a significant control of the mosquito populations. Mosquitocidal chips worked in different environments, caused significant mosquito population decreases, and were effective in controlling Ae. aegypti.
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Samal S, Mishra CSK, Sahoo S. Setal-epidermal, muscular and enzymatic anomalies induced by certain agrochemicals in the earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae (Kinberg). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:8039-8049. [PMID: 30684186 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Eudrilus eugeniae, the vermicomposing worm, is found in considerable numbers in agricultural fields in India due to their eventual transfer through vermimanure. These worms are very often exposed to pesticides, herbicides, chemical fertilisers and other soil amendments. This paper reports the effects of variable concentrations of urea, phosphogypsum (PG), paper mill sludge (PMS) and two organophosphorus agrochemicals, monocrotophos and glyphosate, on certain morphological, histological and biochemical parameters of E. eugeniae. Results indicated setal anomalies, epidermal lesions, clitellar swelling and constriction of the body. Disintegration of connective tissue, vacuolation of dermis and significant alterations in protein, lipid peroxidation levels and activities of lactate dehydrogenase, acetylcholinesterase and catalase have also been observed in the treated worms. It is proposed that setae, connective tissue, protein and enzymes in E. eugeniae could be useful markers to evaluate toxicity due to the test chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryasikha Samal
- Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India.
| | - C S K Mishra
- Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Sunanda Sahoo
- School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla, 768019, India
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Rubio A, Cardo MV, Carbajo AE, Vezzani D. Assessment of combined tools and strategies for Aedes aegypti control with low environmental impact. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:411-420. [PMID: 30607607 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-6178-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The control of the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) is the main action against dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. The excessive use of conventional insecticides has promoted the development of other control methods and strategies with lower environmental impact. We evaluated the effectiveness of applying triflumuron 1 ppm and emptying water-filled containers in a field trial in temperate Argentina. Both control methods were implemented either individually or combined and regularly from the beginning of the mosquito reproductive season or once it reached peak abundance. The impact on a non-target midge of the genus Chironomus was also tested. The highest reductions of Ae. aegypti were achieved in treatments which included triflumuron. This effect was stronger when applied from the beginning of the reproductive season, with < 1.3% of positive containers throughout the entire season. No enhancing effects were obtained when combining both control methods. Treatments with triflumuron were not completely innocuous for the non-target species, with Chironomus sp. more susceptible to treatments including triflumuron applied from the beginning of the reproductive season than all others. Sharp reductions of mosquito populations in urban environments with high density of water-filled containers are possible with minimum container management efforts, by applying triflumuron 1 ppm every 6 weeks. In temperate urban settings, better results can be obtained when applications begin early in the reproductive season of the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Rubio
- Ecología de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores, Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Av. 25 de Mayo 1400 (1650), General San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María V Cardo
- Ecología de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores, Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Av. 25 de Mayo 1400 (1650), General San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aníbal E Carbajo
- Ecología de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores, Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Av. 25 de Mayo 1400 (1650), General San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Darío Vezzani
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto Multidisciplinario sobre Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable (UNCPBA - CIC), Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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14
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Viana-Medeiros PF, Bellinato DF, Martins AJ, Valle D. Insecticide resistance, associated mechanisms and fitness aspects in two Brazilian Stegomyia aegypti (= Aedes aegypti) populations. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 31:340-350. [PMID: 28752548 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In Brazil, insecticide resistance in Stegomyia aegypti (= Aedes aegypti) (Diptera: Culicidae) populations to pyrethroids and to the organophosphate (OP) temephos is disseminated. Currently, insect growth regulators (IGRs) and the OP malathion are employed against larvae and adults, respectively. Bioassays with mosquitoes from two northeast municipalities, Crato and Aracaju, revealed, in both populations, susceptibility to IGRs and malathion (RR95 ≤ 2.0), confirming the effectiveness of these compounds. By contrast, temephos and deltamethrin (pyrethroid) resistance levels were high (RR95 > 10), which is consistent with the use of intense chemical control. In Crato, RR95 values were > 50 for both compounds. Knock-down-resistant (kdr) mutants in the voltage-gated sodium channel, the pyrethroid target site, were found in 43 and 32%, respectively, of Aracaju and Crato mosquitoes. Biochemical assays revealed higher metabolic resistance activity (esterases, mixed function oxidases and glutathione-S-transferases) at Aracaju. With respect to fitness aspects, mating effectiveness was equivalently impaired in both populations, but Aracaju mosquitoes showed more damaging effects in terms of longer larval development, decreased bloodmeal acceptance, reduced engorgement and lower numbers of eggs laid per female. Compared with mosquitoes in Crato, Aracaju mosquitoes exhibited lower OP and pyrethroid RR95 , increased activity of detoxifying enzymes and greater effect on fitness. The potential relationship between insecticide resistance mechanisms and mosquito viability is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Viana-Medeiros
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - D F Bellinato
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A J Martins
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - D Valle
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Triflumuron Effects on the Physiology and Reproduction of Rhodnius prolixus Adult Females. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8603140. [PMID: 27822479 PMCID: PMC5086386 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8603140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the efficacy of the growth regulator triflumuron (TFM) in inducing mortality and disrupting both oviposition and egg hatching in Rhodnius prolixus adult females. TFM was administered via feeding, topically or by continuous contact with impregnated surfaces. Feeding resulted in mild biological effects compared with topical and impregnated surfaces. One day after treatment, the highest mortality levels were observed with topical surface and 30 days later both topical and impregnated surfaces induced higher mortalities than feeding. Oral treatment inhibited oviposition even at lower doses, and hatching of eggs deposited by treated females was similarly affected by the three delivery modes. Topical treatment of eggs deposited by nontreated females significantly reduced hatching. However, treatment per contact of eggs oviposited by untreated females did not disrupt eclosion. Additionally, oral treatment increased the number of immature oocytes per female, and topical treatment reduced the mean size of oocytes. TFM also affected carcass chitin content, diuresis, and innate immunity of treated insects. These results suggest that TFM acts as a potent growth inhibitor of R. prolixus adult females and has the potential to be used in integrated vector control programs against hematophagous triatomine species.
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Belinato TA, Valle D. The Impact of Selection with Diflubenzuron, a Chitin Synthesis Inhibitor, on the Fitness of Two Brazilian Aedes aegypti Field Populations. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130719. [PMID: 26107715 PMCID: PMC4481264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several Aedes aegypti field populations are resistant to neurotoxic insecticides, mainly organophoshates and pyrethroids, which are extensively used as larvicides and adulticides, respectively. Diflubenzuron (DFB), a chitin synthesis inhibitor (CSI), was recently approved for use in drinking water, and is presently employed in Brazil for Ae. aegypti control, against populations resistant to the organophosphate temephos. However, tests of DFB efficacy against field Ae. aegypti populations are lacking. In addition, information regarding the dynamics of CSI resistance, and characterization of any potential fitness effects that may arise in conjunction with resistance are essential for new Ae. aegypti control strategies. Here, the efficacy of DFB was evaluated for two Brazilian Ae. aegypti populations known to be resistant to both temephos and the pyrethroid deltamethrin. Laboratory selection for DFB resistance was then performed over six or seven generations, using a fixed dose of insecticide that inhibited 80% of adult emergence in the first generation. The selection process was stopped when adult emergence in the diflubenzuron-treated groups was equivalent to that of the control groups, kept without insecticide. Diflubenzuron was effective against the two Ae. aegypti field populations evaluated, regardless of their resistance level to neurotoxic insecticides. However, only a few generations of DFB selection were sufficient to change the susceptible status of both populations to this compound. Several aspects of mosquito biology were affected in both selected populations, indicating that diflubenzuron resistance acquisition is associated with a fitness cost. We believe that these results can significantly contribute to the design of control strategies involving the use of insect growth regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Affonso Belinato
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil
| | - Denise Valle
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil
- * E-mail:
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17
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Jacups SP, Paton CJ, Ritchie SA. Residual and pre-treatment application of starycide insect growth regulator (triflumuron) to control Aedes aegypti in containers. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2014; 70:572-575. [PMID: 23653423 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue is not endemic in Australia, although the vector mosquito Aedes aegypti is. In order to prevent dengue establishment, Australia maintains tight control of vector mosquitoes. Tight control programs often necessitate regular repeat application of treatments, and this is resource intensive. We sought to investigate the efficacy and longevity of triflurumon Starycide® Insect Growth Regulator under field conditions in tropical Australia against Aedes. We compared two doses (0.48 and 0.96 ppm), applied to water receptacles with delayed flooding by zero, two, and four weeks. RESULTS We found greater than 90% inhibition of pupae development was achieved for up to 12 weeks. A dose of 0.96 ppm, when delayed for two or four weeks before flooding, provided 50 times inhibition relative to controls, for up to 22 weeks, suggesting triflumuron bound to the plastic substrate and offered a greater residual effect than applications without delayed flooding. CONCLUSION We conclude that triflurumon offers excellent efficacy and longevity against Aedes in artificial containers. If deployed under standard conditions, re-application may not be required for up to 22 weeks, furthermore, initial applications could be performed under dry conditions, and this application method may improve the residual effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan P Jacups
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitative Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
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18
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Martins AJ, Brito LP, Linss JGB, Rivas GBDS, Machado R, Bruno RV, Lima JBP, Valle D, Peixoto AA. Evidence for gene duplication in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene of Aedes aegypti. EVOLUTION MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 2013:148-60. [PMID: 24481195 PMCID: PMC3868448 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eot012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene (NaV), known as kdr mutations, are associated with pyrethroid and DDT insecticide resistance in a number of species. In the mosquito dengue vector Aedes aegypti, besides kdr, other polymorphisms allowed grouping AaNaV sequences as type 'A' or 'B'. Here, we point a series of evidences that these polymorphisms are actually involved in a gene duplication event. METHODOLOGY Four series of methods were employed: (i) genotypying, with allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR), of two AaNaV sites that can harbor kdr mutations (Ile1011Met and Val1016Ile), (ii) cloning and sequencing of part of the AaNaV gene, (iii) crosses with specific lineages and analysis of the offspring genotypes and (iv) copy number variation assays, with TaqMan quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS kdr mutations in 1011 and 1016 sites were present only in type 'A' sequences, but never in the same haplotype. In addition, although the 1011Met-mutant allele is widely disseminated, no homozygous (1011Met/Met) was detected. Sequencing revealed three distinct haplotypes in some individuals, raising the hypothesis of gene duplication, which was supported by the genotype frequencies in the offspring of specific crosses. Furthermore, it was estimated that a laboratory strain selected for insecticide resistance had 5-fold more copies of the sodium channel gene compared with a susceptible reference strain. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The AaNaV duplication here found might be a recent adaptive response to the intense use of insecticides, maintaining together wild-type and mutant alleles in the same organism, conferring resistance and reducing some of its deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademir Jesus Martins
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ and Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Brazil, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil and Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivirus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
- *Correspondence address. Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ and Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil. Tel: +55 21 25621398; Fax: +55 21 25621308; E-mail:
| | - Luiz Paulo Brito
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ and Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Brazil, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil and Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivirus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Jutta Gerlinde Birggitt Linss
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ and Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Brazil, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil and Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivirus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Bueno da Silva Rivas
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ and Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Brazil, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil and Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivirus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Machado
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ and Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Brazil, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil and Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivirus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Vieira Bruno
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ and Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Brazil, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil and Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivirus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - José Bento Pereira Lima
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ and Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Brazil, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil and Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivirus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Denise Valle
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ and Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Brazil, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil and Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivirus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Afranio Peixoto
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ and Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Brazil, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil and Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivirus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
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Belinato TA, Martins AJ, Valle D. Fitness evaluation of two Brazilian Aedes aegypti field populations with distinct levels of resistance to the organophosphate temephos. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2013; 107:916-22. [PMID: 23147149 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762012000700013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In Brazil, decades of dengue vector control using organophosphates and pyrethroids have led to dissemination of resistance. Although these insecticides have been employed for decades against Aedes aegypti in the country, knowledge of the impact of temephos resistance on vector viability is limited. We evaluated several fitness parameters in two Brazilian Ae. aegypti populations, both classified as deltamethrin resistant but with distinct resistant ratios (RR) for temephos. The insecticide-susceptible Rockefeller strain was used as an experimental control. The population presenting the higher temephos resistance level, Aparecida de Goiânia, state of Goiás (RR(95) of 19.2), exhibited deficiency in the following four parameters: blood meal acceptance, amount of ingested blood, number of eggs and frequency of inseminated females. Mosquitoes from Boa Vista, state of Roraima, the population with lower temephos resistance level (RR(95) of 7.4), presented impairment in only two parameters, blood meal acceptance and frequency of inseminated females. These results indicate that the overall fitness handicap was proportional to temephos resistance levels. However, it is unlikely that these disabilities can be attributed solely to temephos resistance, since both populations are also resistant to deltamethrin and harbour the kdr allele, which indicates resistance to pyrethroids. The effects of reduced fitness in resistant populations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Affonso Belinato
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Brito LP, Linss JGB, Lima-Camara TN, Belinato TA, Peixoto AA, Lima JBP, Valle D, Martins AJ. Assessing the effects of Aedes aegypti kdr mutations on pyrethroid resistance and its fitness cost. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60878. [PMID: 23593337 PMCID: PMC3620451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrethroids are the most used insecticide class worldwide. They target the voltage gated sodium channel (NaV), inducing the knockdown effect. In Aedes aegypti, the main dengue vector, the AaNaV substitutions Val1016Ile and Phe1534Cys are the most important knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations. We evaluated the fitness cost of these kdr mutations related to distinct aspects of development and reproduction, in the absence of any other major resistance mechanism. To accomplish this, we initially set up 68 crosses with mosquitoes from a natural population. Allele-specific PCR revealed that one couple, the one originating the CIT-32 strain, had both parents homozygous for both kdr mutations. However, this pyrethroid resistant strain also presented high levels of detoxifying enzymes, which synergistically account for resistance, as revealed by biological and biochemical assays. Therefore, we carried out backcrosses between CIT-32 and Rockefeller (an insecticide susceptible strain) for eight generations in order to bring the kdr mutation into a susceptible genetic background. This new strain, named Rock-kdr, was highly resistant to pyrethroid and presented reduced alteration of detoxifying activity. Fitness of the Rock-kdr was then evaluated in comparison with Rockefeller. In this strain, larval development took longer, adults had an increased locomotor activity, fewer females laid eggs, and produced a lower number of eggs. Under an inter-strain competition scenario, the Rock-kdr larvae developed even slower. Moreover, when Rockefeller and Rock-kdr were reared together in population cage experiments during 15 generations in absence of insecticide, the mutant allele decreased in frequency. These results strongly suggest that the Ae. aegypti kdr mutations have a high fitness cost. Therefore, enhanced surveillance for resistance should be priority in localities where the kdr mutation is found before new adaptive alleles can be selected for diminishing the kdr deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Paulo Brito
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Jutta G. B. Linss
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Tamara N. Lima-Camara
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Thiago A. Belinato
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Alexandre A. Peixoto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - José Bento P. Lima
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Denise Valle
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Ademir J. Martins
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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Belinato TA, Martins AJ, Lima JBP, Valle D. Effect of triflumuron, a chitin synthesis inhibitor, on Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus under laboratory conditions. Parasit Vectors 2013; 6:83. [PMID: 23557173 PMCID: PMC3626716 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance to traditional insecticides represents a threat to the control of disease vectors. The insect growth regulators (IGR) are a potential alternative to control mosquitoes, including resistant populations. The chitin synthesis inhibitors (CSI) are IGRs, which interfere with the insect molting process and represent one major class of compounds against Aedes aegypti populations resistant to the larvicide organophosphate temephos. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of the CSI triflumuron on Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes albopictus and against several Ae. aegypti field populations. Methods The efficacy of triflumuron, against Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. albopictus was evaluated with laboratory strains through dose–response assays. Additionaly, this CSI was tested against seven Ae. aegypti field populations exhibiting distinct resistance levels to both temephos and the pyrethroid deltamethrin. Aedes aegypti populations were exposed to both a dose that inhibits 99% of the adult emergence of mosquitoes from the susceptible reference strain, Rockefeller, (EI99 = 3.95 μg/L) and the diagnostic dose (DD), corresponding to twice the EI99. Results Our results indicate that triflumuron was effective in emergence inhibition (EI) of Cx. quinquefasciatus (EI50= 5.28 μg/L; EI90= 12.47 μg/L) and Ae. albopictus (EI50= 1.59 μg/L; EI90= 2.63 μg/L). Triflumuron was also effective against seven Ae. aegypti Brazilian populations resistant to both temephos and deltamethrin. Exposure of all the Ae. aegypti populations to the triflumuron EI99 of the susceptible reference strain, Rockefeller, resulted in complete inhibition of adult emergence, suggesting no cross-resistance among traditional insecticides and this CSI. However, a positive correlation between temephos resistance and tolerance to triflumuron was observed. Conclusion The results suggest that triflumuron represents a potential tool for the control of disease vectors in public health. Nevertheless, they point to the need of constant monitoring of the susceptibility status of vector populations to CSIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Affonso Belinato
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Pelizza S, Scorsetti A, Tranchida M. The sublethal effects of the entomopathic fungus Leptolegnia chapmanii on some biological parameters of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2013; 13:22. [PMID: 23901823 PMCID: PMC3735114 DOI: 10.1673/031.013.2201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) is the primary vector of dengue in the Americas. The use of chemical insecticides is recommended during outbreaks of dengue in order to reduce the number of adult mosquitoes; however, because Ae. aegypti is highly synanthropic, the use of insecticides in densely populated areas is a dangerous practice. Leptolegnia chapmanii Seymour (Straminipila: Peronosporomycetes) is an entomopathogenic microorganism that has demonstrated marked pathogenicity toward the larvae of a number of mosquito species, with little or no effect on non-target insects. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the sublethal effects of L. chapmanii on fecundity, number of gonotrophic cycles, fertility, and relationship between wing length and fecundity in Ae. aegypti females. Ae. aegypti females that survived infection with L. chapmanii laid fewer eggs, had a smaller number of gonotrophic cycles, had shorter wings, and were less fertile than controls. This is the first study on the sublethal effects experienced by specimens of Ae. aegypti that survived infection with zoospores of L. chapmanii. Although field studies should be carried out, the results obtained in this study are encouraging because the high and rapid larval mortality caused by L. chapmanii coupled with the reduction of reproductive capacity in Ae. aegypti females seem to cause a significant reduction in the number of adults in the mid and long term, thereby reducing the health risks associated with Ae. aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.A. Pelizza
- CEPAVE (Centro de Estudios Parasitólogicos y de Vectores) CCT-La Plata-CONICET-UNLP, La Plata (1900) Argentina
- Instituto de Botónica Carlos Spegazzini, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (1900), Argentina
| | - A.C. Scorsetti
- Instituto de Botónica Carlos Spegazzini, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (1900), Argentina
| | - M.C. Tranchida
- Instituto de Botónica Carlos Spegazzini, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (1900), Argentina
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Physiological and morphological aspects of Aedes aegypti developing larvae: effects of the chitin synthesis inhibitor novaluron. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30363. [PMID: 22291942 PMCID: PMC3265478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Population control of the dengue vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti, is difficult due to many reasons, one being the development of resistance to neurotoxic insecticides employed. The biosynthesis of chitin, a major constituent of insect cuticle, is a novel target for population control. Novaluron is a benzoylphenylurea (BPU) that acts as a chitin synthesis inhibitor, already used against mosquitoes. However, information regarding BPU effects on immature mosquito stages and physiological parameters related with mosquito larval development are scarce. A set of physiological parameters were recorded in control developing larvae and novaluron was administered continuously to Ae. aegypti larvae, since early third instar. Larval instar period duration was recorded from third instar until pupation. Chitin content was measured during third and fourth instars. Fourth instars were processed histochemically at the mesothorax region, stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) for assessment of internal tissues, and labeled with WGA-FITC to reveal chitinized structures. In control larvae: i) there is a chitin content increase during both third and fourth instars where late third instars contain more chitin than early fourth instars; ii) thoracic organs and a continuous cuticle, closely associated with the underlying epidermis were observed; iii) chitin was continuously present throughout integument cuticle. Novaluron treatment inhibited adult emergence, induced immature mortality, altered adult sex ratio and caused delay in larval development. Moreover, novaluron: i) significantly affected chitin content during larval development; ii) induced a discontinuous and altered cuticle in some regions while epidermis was often thinner or missing; iii) rendered chitin cuticle presence discontinuous and less evident. In both control and novaluron larvae, chitin was present in the peritrophic matrix. This study showed quantitatively and qualitatively evidences of novaluron effects on Ae. aegypti larval development. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing histological alterations produced by a BPU in immature vector mosquitoes.
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Tassou KT, Schulz R. Two-generation effects of the chitin synthesis inhibitor, teflubenzuron, on the aquatic midge Chironomus riparius. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:1203-1209. [PMID: 21396713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Teflubenzuron, a chitin synthesis inhibitor was used in a two-generation test with Chironomus riparius (Insecta) to assess effects over a full life cycle from the first-instar larvae in the parental (P) generation until emergence in the subsequent F1 generation. Sediment spiked with teflubenzuron ranging from 10 to 390.6 μg/kg sediment dry weight (dw) was used. EC₅₀-values for fecundity and fertility were 112.7 and 74.5 μg/kg dw, respectively. Significant adverse effects were observed compared to the solvent control for emergence rate (P < 0.01) and also for developmental rate. No observed effect concentrations values were lower for emergence rate in the F1 generation (62.5 μg/kg dw) than in the P generation (100 μg/kg dw), demonstrating that the F1 generation was more affected than the P generation. Thus, this two-generation test may help detecting population level effects as an amendment to the risk assessment for chronic exposures to endocrine disrupting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koffi T Tassou
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau (Pfalz), Germany.
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