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Yoon JH, Kim DW, Lee SK, Kim SG. Effects of 4-hexylresorcinol administration on the submandibular glands in a growing rat model. Head Face Med 2022; 18:16. [PMID: 35668488 PMCID: PMC9172157 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-022-00320-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 4-Hexylresorcinol (4HR) is a food additive and class I histone deacetylase inhibitor. In this study, we examined the effects of 4HR administration on the submandibular gland in a growing rat model. Methods Four-week-old rats were used in this study. The experimental group (nine males and eight females) received 12.8 mg/kg of 4HR weekly for 12 weeks. Ten rats (five males and five females) were used as controls. The submandibular glands of rats were collected 12 weeks after the first administration of 4HR. The weight of the glands was measured. Histological analysis, immunoprecipitation-high-performance liquid chromatography (IP-HPLC), and western blotting were performed. Results The weights of the rat submandibular glands were higher in the experimental groups than in the control group, especially in male rats (P < 0.05). The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and testosterone in the submandibular glands were more highly expressed in 4HR-treated male rats than in untreated rats, as detected by both western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The IP-HPLC results demonstrated that the expression levels of Ki67, epidermal growth factor, and testosterone in the submandibular glands were higher in 4HR-treated male rats than in untreated rats. Conclusions This study demonstrated that the systemic administration of 4HR increased the weight of submandibular glands in male rats. In addition, the testosterone and VEGF expression levels in the submandibular glands increased owing to 4HR administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hyung Yoon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Jukheon gil 7, 25457, Gangneung, Gangwondo, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Won Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 28644, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Suk Keun Lee
- Institution of Hydrogen Magnetic Reaction Gene Regulation, 34140, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seong-Gon Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Jukheon gil 7, 25457, Gangneung, Gangwondo, Republic of Korea.
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Júnior AMC, de Amorim Carvalho FA, de Oliveira Dantas W, Gomes LCL, da Silva ABS, de Sousa Cavalcante MMA, de Oliveira IM, de Deus Moura de Lima M, Rizzo MDS, de Carvalho Leite CM, Moura SMDS, de Deus Moura LDFA, da Silva BB. Does Leishmaniasis disease alter the parenchyma and protein expression in salivary glands? Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:359-66. [PMID: 26568331 PMCID: PMC4935414 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215614658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is considered a serious public health problem in several regions in Brazil and worldwide. This research aimed to perform a histopathological and proteomic study of parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands of BALB/c mice infected by Leishmania (L) infantum chagasi using histological, immunohistochemical and epifluorescence techniques. Twelve isogenic BALB/c male mice, around six- to eight-weeks old, were separated into two groups: the animals of the control group were injected with 0.15 ml of NaCl, while those in the experimental group were inoculated with 5 × 10(6) amastigote forms of Leishmania (L) infantum chagasi by the ip route. After 50 days, animals were euthanized and major salivary glands were collected to perform histological, immunohistochemical and epifluorescence techniques using anti-Caspase-2, anti-Ki-67 and anti-β-catenin antibodies, respectively. The histological and morphometric evaluation showed clusters of mononuclear inflammatory cells and a higher area and perimeter of the parotid gland. However, none of the salivary glands had morphophysiological impairment. There was no immunoreactivity to the anti-caspase-2 antibody and Ki67 expression in acinar and ductal cells in both groups. According to the immunofluorescence staining, the β-catenin antibodies did not show nuclear expression, suggesting no uncontrolled proliferation. The data obtained in this study showed population and morphological stability of major salivary glands after 50 days post-infection by Leishmania (L) infantum chagasi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aírton M C Júnior
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Piauí, Piauí, Teresina 64049550, Brasil
| | | | | | - Luana C L Gomes
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Piauí, Piauí, Teresina 64049550, Brasil
| | - Andrezza B S da Silva
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Piauí, Piauí, Teresina 64049550, Brasil
| | | | - Ingrid M de Oliveira
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Piauí, Piauí, Teresina 64049550, Brasil
| | | | - Márcia Dos Santos Rizzo
- Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery, Federal University of Piauí, Piauí, Teresina 64049550, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Benedito B da Silva
- Maternal Child Departament, Federal University of Piauí, Piauí, Teresina 64049550, Brasil
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