Controle de infecção relacionada a cateter venoso central impregnado com antissépticos: revisão integrativa

[Effectiveness of heparin versus 0.9% saline solution in maintaining the permeability of central venous catheters: a systematic review]

OBJECTIVE

Determining which is the most effective solution (heparin flush compared to 0.9% saline flush) for reducing the risk of occlusions in central venous catheters (CVC) in adults.

METHOD

The systematic review followed the principles proposed by the Cochrane Handbook; critical analysis, extraction and synthesis of data were performed by two independent researchers; statistical analysis was performed using the RevMan program 5.2.8.

RESULTS

Eight randomized controlled trials and one cohort study were included and the results of the meta-analysis showed no difference (RR=0.68, 95% CI=0.41-1.10; p=0.12). Analysis by subgroups showed that there was no difference in fully deployed CVC (RR=1.09, CI 95%=0.53-2.22; p=0.82); Multi-Lumen CVC showed beneficial effects in the heparin group (RR=0.53, CI 95%=0.29-0.95; p=0.03); in Double-Lumen CVC for hemodialysis (RR=1.18, CI 95%=0.08-17.82; p=0.90) and Peripherally inserted CVC (RR=0.14, CI 95%=0.01-2.60; p=0.19) also showed no difference.

CONCLUSION

Saline solution is sufficient for maintaining patency of the central venous catheter, preventing the risks associated with heparin administration.

USE OF CLINICAL INDICATORS IN THE EVALUATION OF PREVENTION AND CONTROL PRACTICES FOR BLOODSTREAM INFECTION

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the compliance of the implemented prevention and control practices for central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection, through clinical indicators. An observational study, with a quantitative approach, was conducted. The case series was based on 2064 evaluations, conducted through direct observation and medical records, using a manual for evaluating the quality of cross-infection control practices. The results showed that the indicator for the registrations of the insertion and dwell time of the catheter had the highest overall compliance rate (62.5%). The indicator related to hand hygiene, on the other hand, showed a null overall compliance rate. Strategies must be developed to ensure adherence to the prevention and control practices for central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection and periodic evaluations of working conditions must be implemented, in order to raise compliance rates.

[Central venous catheterization in pediatric and neonatal intensive care units]

This descriptive, prospective cohort study aimed to analyze the process of central venous catheterization in neonatal intensive care and pediatric units; describe the variables related to study characterization, including admission unit, age, and sex; and to investigate related variables, such as catheter type, reason for insertion, number of lumens, insertion site, type of professional who performed the procedure, medication therapy infused, reason for withdrawal, length of time catheter was in situ, and mechanical and infectious complications. Data collection was performed with 82 charts in the intensive care units (ICUs) of the Instituto Fernandes Figueira. In the majority of cases, the indications for catheter insertion were prolonged drug infusion and total parenteral nutrition. Removal was predominantly required due to mechanical and infectious complications. This study assessed the process of central venous catheterization with the aim of improving care provided to the neonatal and pediatric patients.