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Martins-Júnior HA, Simas RC, Brolio MP, Ferreira CR, Perecin F, Nogueira GDP, Miglino MA, Martins DS, Eberlin MN, Ambrósio CE. Profiles of Steroid Hormones in Canine X-Linked Muscular Dystrophy via Stable Isotope Dilution LC-MS/MS. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126585. [PMID: 26010907 PMCID: PMC4444242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) provides the best animal model for characterizing the disease progress of the human disorder, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The purpose of this study was to determine steroid hormone concentration profiles in healthy golden retriever dogs (control group - CtGR) versus GRMD-gene carrier (CaGR) and affected female dogs (AfCR). Therefore, a sensitive and specific analytical method was developed and validated to determine the estradiol, progesterone, cortisol, and testosterone levels in the canine serum by isotope dilution liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). To more accurately understand the dynamic nature of the serum steroid profile, the fluctuating levels of these four steroid hormones over the estrous cycle were compared across the three experimental groups using a multivariate statistical analysis. The concentration profiles of estradiol, cortisol, progesterone, and testosterone revealed a characteristic pattern for each studied group at each specific estrous phase. Additionally, several important changes in the serum concentrations of cortisol and estradiol in the CaGR and AfCR groups seem to be correlated with the status and progression of the muscular dystrophy. A comprehensive and quantitative monitoring of steroid profiles throughout the estrous cycle of normal and GRMD dogs were achieved. Significant differences in these profiles were observed between GRMD and healthy animals, most notably for estradiol. These findings contribute to a better understanding of both dog reproduction and the muscular dystrophy pathology. Our data open new venues for hormonal behavior studies in dystrophinopathies and that may affect the quality of life of DMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helio A. Martins-Júnior
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory—Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- AB SCIEX of Brazil, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosineide C. Simas
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory—Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- DAPSA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina P. Brolio
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering—FZEA, University of São Paulo—USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christina R. Ferreira
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory—Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Felipe Perecin
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering—FZEA, University of São Paulo—USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme de P. Nogueira
- DAPSA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria A. Miglino
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science—FMVZ, University of São Paulo—USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniele S. Martins
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering—FZEA, University of São Paulo—USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos N. Eberlin
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory—Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos E. Ambrósio
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering—FZEA, University of São Paulo—USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Abreu DK, Costola-de-Souza C, Alcântara D, Rodrigues EA, Araújo KP, Maiorka PC, Miglino MA, Ambrósio CE. Estudo morfofuncional dos rins de cães da raça Golden Retriever afetados pela distrofia muscular (GRMD). PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2012001000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne (DMD) é uma miopatia severa de caráter recessivo ligada ao cromossomo X e o modelo animal de estudo mais relevante é o Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD). Além das severas alterações que ocorrem na musculatura estriada, muitos estudos mostram que outras estruturas, inclusive viscerais, podem se mostrar alteradas nesta patologia. Desta forma, este trabalho objetivou análisar e comparar possíveis alterações estruturais e funcionais do rim em cães GRMD. Neste modelo de estudo, foi possível observar a presença das faces convexa e côncava, do hilo renal e dos pólos craniais e caudais dos rins. O órgão mostrou-se envolto por uma cápsula fibrosa. Em um corte sagital do órgão, notou-se a presença das regiões cortical e medular e da pelve renal. Na análise microscópica foi possível identificar a zona medular e cortical com suas estruturas: os corpúsculos renais formados pelo glomérulo e pela cápsula de Bowman, os túbulos contorcidos proximais e distais, os ductos coletores, vasos sanguíneos e os segmentos das Alças de Henle. As dosagens séricas de creatinina e uréia encontram-se dentro dos limites de normalidade. Desta forma, de acordo com os nossos resultados, podemos concluir que os animais afetados estudados, não apresentaram alterações estruturais ou funcionais dos rins, o que nos permitir sugerir que apesar da ingestão hídrica comprometida, a estrutura renal, mantem- se preservada nos animais GRMD.
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