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Soares R, Miranda C, Cunha S, Ferreira L, Martins Â, Igrejas G, Poeta P. Antibiotic Resistance of Enterococcus Species in Ornamental Animal Feed. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1761. [PMID: 37889631 PMCID: PMC10251925 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus is a bacterial genus that is strongly associated with nosocomial infections and has a high capacity to transfer and acquire resistance genes. In this study, the main objective was to evaluate the presence of Enterococcus species in ornamental animal feed and characterize their antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using 14 antimicrobial agents by the disk diffusion method, complemented by genotypic analysis to identify Enterococcus species and the presence of 14 antimicrobial resistance and 10 virulence genes. From 57 samples of ornamental animal feed, 103 Enterococcus isolates were recovered from 15 bird, 9 fish and 4 reptile feed samples. Enterococcus isolates were highly resistance to rifampicin (78%) and erythromycin (48%), and 48% of isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant. Enterococcus faecalis (36.7%) and E. faecium (31.7%) were the species most frequently identified. Most isolates carried the resistance genes ermB (57%) and tetL (52%) and the virulence genes, cylL (52%) and esp (40%). Enterococcus gallinarum was the species with the highest number of multidrug-resistant isolates (50%) and virulence genes (80%). These results highlight the high levels of antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus spp. present in ornamental animal feed and the growing interaction of these animals with humans as a public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rúben Soares
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.S.); (S.C.); (L.F.); (P.P.)
| | - Carla Miranda
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.S.); (S.C.); (L.F.); (P.P.)
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal;
- Toxicology Research Unit (TOXRUN), University Institute of Health Sciences, Advanced Polytechnic and University Cooperative (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Cunha
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.S.); (S.C.); (L.F.); (P.P.)
| | - Luís Ferreira
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.S.); (S.C.); (L.F.); (P.P.)
| | - Ângela Martins
- Department of Zootechnics, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal;
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.S.); (S.C.); (L.F.); (P.P.)
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal;
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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COSTA LETÍCIADAF, FALCÃO DAIANEA, GRASSOTTI TIELAT, CHRISTIANO FRANCIELED, FRAZZON JEVERSON, FRAZZON ANAPAULAG. Antimicrobial resistance of enterococci isolated from food in South Brazil: Comparing pre- and post-RDC 20/2011. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20201765. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220201765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Maia LF, Giraldi C, Terra MR, Furlaneto MC. Vancomycin and tetracycline-resistant enterococci from from raw and processed meats: phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of isolates. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-6891v21e-57674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The ubiquitous nature of enterococci and their ability to colonize different habitats account for their easy spread throughout the food chain. Here, we evaluated the distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterococcus isolates from meats obtained from different supermarkets. We acquired and cultured 100 products (raw chicken meat, raw pork, and boiled meats) to screen for the presence of Enterococcus spp. In total, 194 isolates were recovered from the samples, with contamination rates of 63.6% in the chicken samples, 31% in the raw pork meat, and 1.4% in the boiled meat samples. PCR amplification with specific primers was performed to screen the DNA of Enterococcus spp. (95/96), E. faecalis (66/96), E. faecium (30/96), and E. casseliflavus/E. flavescens (3/96). The antimicrobial susceptibility tests showed that all the isolates were resistant to at least one of the antibiotics. All E. faecium isolates were resistant to vancomycin, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. The E. casseliflavus/E. flavescens isolates were resistant to gentamicin, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. E. faecalis isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and erythromycin (92%), norfloxacin (83%), vancomycin, and streptomycin (50%). The resistance genes tetL and vanB were detected by genotyping. The presence of these antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms in food might pose problems for public health.
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Braga JFV, Martins NRS, Ecco R. Vertebral Osteomyelitis in Broilers: A Review. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JFV Braga
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-árido, Brazil
| | - NRS Martins
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - R Ecco
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
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