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Paján-Jiménez V, Pazmiño-Rodríguez FD, Roldán-Santiago P, Dutro-Aceves A, de la Cruz-Cruz LA, Larrondo C. Effects of different load weights on the work performance and physiological and hematobiochemical responses in working water buffalo. Vet World 2023; 16:2349-2357. [PMID: 38152270 PMCID: PMC10750744 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.2349-2357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Working animals are important in agriculture because they play a role in various agricultural activities, including milk and meat production. Thus, they contribute to the development of rural communities. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of different load weights on the work performance and the physiological and hematological responses of working water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Materials and Methods The work performances of 12 buffaloes (average weight 782.16 ± 21.62 kg) transporting 200, 350, and 500 kg of African palm fruits in metal baskets placed on their backs were evaluated. Work performance variables evaluated immediately after work were as follows: total number of trips (n), total weight (kg), distance traveled (km/day), working period (h), stopped time (h), and average speed (km/h). In addition, we evaluated physiological, biochemical, and hematological variables at three different times: before the start of work, immediately after work, and on the rest day. Results Among the load weights, 500 kg (total load carried = 4,138.88 kg) improved work efficiency compared to 200 kg loads (total load = 3,322.22 kg) (p = 0.0281). However, 500 kg loads resulted in slower average speed (2.4 km, p = 0.0164), shorter working period (2.39 h, p < 0.0001) and distance traveled (7.29 km, p < 0.0001), and less total number of trips (8.27 trips, p < 0.0001) compared to 350 and 200 kg load weights (3.45 and 3.52 km/h, 2.55 and 2.79 h, 8.71 and 9.75 km, 10.94 and 16.61 trips, respectively); and the heaviest loads resulted in significantly higher (p < 0.005) respiratory rate, pulse, heart rate, rectal temperature, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, total protein, white blood cell count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. In contrast, was associated with lower levels of red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit compared to lower loads. All differences were more pronounced in 500 kg (p < 0.005) compared to 200 kg loads. Conclusion Working buffaloes responded to work related to the transport of African palm fruits through various physiological, biochemical, and hematological changes. However, some variables remained close to the reference values reported in the literature for water buffaloes, and in general, all variables were reestablished during the rest day, indicating that these animals have adapted to working conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visoky Paján-Jiménez
- 1. Maestría en Producción Animal, Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial, Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas, Ecuador
| | - Fernando David Pazmiño-Rodríguez
- Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ecuador, Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Ambientales, Carrera de Ingeniería Forestal
| | - Patricia Roldán-Santiago
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad, Colonia, C.U. C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Anna Dutro-Aceves
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad del Valle de México-Coyoacán, Calzada de Tlalpan 04910, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis Alberto de la Cruz-Cruz
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad del Valle de México-Coyoacán, Calzada de Tlalpan 04910, Ciudad de México, México
- Preservación del Bienestar Animal/Manejo de la Fauna Silvestre, Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Col. Villa Quietud, Ciudad de México, 04960, México
| | - Cristian Larrondo
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Viña del Mar, Chile
- AWEC Advisors S.L. Parc de Recerca Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, España
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Sugarcane yeast with urea in replace of soybean meal in the diet of Murrah buffaloes does not cause metabolic, endocrine, and mineral disorders. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:35. [PMID: 36624339 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03452-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the replacement of soybean meal by increasing levels of sugarcane yeast and urea on the energy, enzymatic, protein, mineral, and hormonal profiles of buffalo heifers. Twenty Murrah heifers with an average body weight of 168 ± 2.0 kg and 1 year old were used in a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of the replacement of soybean meal by increasing levels of sugarcane yeast and urea (0, 33, 67, and 100% dry matter). The animals were weighed at the beginning and end of the experimental period, and blood was collected on the final day. The replacement of soybean meal with sugarcane yeast influenced the performance and metabolic dynamics, with total weight gain (P = 0.005) and average daily gain (P = 0.015), presenting, for both variables, a quadratic effect. Considering the biochemical profile, there was an influence on the serum concentration of triglycerides (P = 0.055), the serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.05), in addition to the serum concentration of phosphorus (P = 0.007) and potassium (P = 0.053), which showed positive linear effects. The hormonal profile was not influenced by diets (P > 0.05). The elements copper, iron, and zinc were able to be quantified at all levels of sugarcane yeast and urea in the diets offered. The use of sugarcane yeast with urea promotes adequate metabolic response of buffalo heifers and can replace up to 100% of soybean meal in the concentrate.
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Barbosa FC, Oliveira Junior W, Faria JGK, Vieira DS, Guimarães EC, Mundim AV. Influence of age and sex on blood biochemical profile of Bonsmara cattle breed up to two years. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-6891v23e-73054e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of animal age and sex on serum concentrations of proteins, metabolites, minerals, and enzymes in Bonsmara cattle up to two years of age. Blood samples were collected from 179 animals (92 males and 87 females), aged between 15 days and 24 months. The animals were divided into four age groups: G1: 15 days ┤2 months, G2: 2 ┤6 months, G3: 6 ┤ 12 months, and G4: 12 ┤24 months of age. The samples were processed in an automatic multichannel analyzer using Labtest Diagnóstica™ kits. Animal age had a significant influence on most of the serum biochemical constituents except for magnesium (Mg) and the Ca+:iP ratio. As age increased, G3 showed the highest concentrations of total proteins (TP), globulins (Glob), urea, and cholesterol (Chol); while G4 had a gradual increase and higher values of creatinine (Crea), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Conversely, albumin:globulin (A:G) ratio, calcium (Ca+), inorganic phosphorus (iP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) decreased from G1 to G4. Moreover, animal sex influenced serum values of albumin (ALB), Glob, A:G ratio, Crea, urea, triglycerides (TRI), Ca+, iP, Ca+:iP ratio and Mg. In conclusion, the factors of age group and sex significantly influenced the concentrations of serum biochemical constituents in Bonsmara cattle in the growth phase.
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Barbosa FC, Oliveira Junior W, Faria JGK, Vieira DS, Guimarães EC, Mundim AV. Influência da idade e sexo no perfil bioquímico sanguíneo de bovinos da raça Bonsmara até dois anos. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-6891v23e-73054p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar a infuência da idade e sexo nas concentrações séricas de proteínas, metabólitos, minerais e enzimas em bovinos da raça Bonsmara com até dois anos de idade. Foram colhidas amostras de sangue de 179 animais (92 machos e 87 fêmeas), de 15 dias a 24 meses de idade, distribuídos em quatro grupos etários: G1: 15 dias ┤2 meses, G2: 2 ┤6 meses, G3: 6 ┤12 meses e G4: 12 ┤24 meses de idade. As amostras foram processadas em analisador automático multicanal, utilizando kits da Labtest Diagnóstica®. A variável idade dos animais influenciou significativamente nos valores da maioria dos constituintes bioquímicos séricos avaliados, exceto no magnésio (Mg) e na relação Ca+:Pi. O aumento da idade culminou com a maior concentração das proteínas totais (PT), globulinas (Glob), ureia e colesterol (COL) no G3; aumento gradual e maior valor de creatinina (Crea), aspartato aminotransferase (AST) e alanina aminotransferase (ALT) no G4. Em contrapartida, houve diminuição da relação albumina:globulina (A:G), cálcio (Ca+), fósforo inorgânico (Pi), fosfatase alcalina (FAL) e gama glutamiltransferase (GGT) do G1 ao G4. O fator sexo influenciou nos valores séricos da albumina (ALB), Glob, relação A:G, Crea, ureia, triglicérides (TRI), Ca+, Pi, relação Ca+:Pi e Mg. Conclui-se que o fator idade e sexo influenciaram significativamente nos valores dos constituintes bioquímicos séricos analisados de bovinos da raça Bonsmara em fase de crescimento.
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Rocha TB, da Cruz Paulino R, Soares DM, Policarpo WA, da Silva Filho E, Monteiro MVB, de Macedo MF, de Moraes Pereira H. Hematology and biochemistry of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis): influence of sex and age on reference values. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:273. [PMID: 33880646 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02727-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This research aimed to obtain a hematological and biochemical profile of buffalos (Bubalus bubalis) bred in a region of the Brazilian Legal Amazon. A total of 73 animals of mixed races, divided into three groups, were studied: group 1 (G1) comprised animals up to 11 months old; in group 2 (G2), subjects were 12 to 23 months old; and, in group 3 (G3), they were 24 months old and older. We performed the hematological analysis manually, and, for the biochemistry, we used biochemical analyzers. Age of the animals has influenced the monocyte count. The counting of these cells was higher (p > 0.05) in younger animals (G1). There was no difference (p > 0.05) in hematological parameters concerning sex. In regard to biochemistry, we found that age influenced results for albumin and urea. Animals from G1 had higher albumin values when compared to G2 and G3. Serum urea values were higher in animals from G3. Regarding the serum mineral parameters, there were no significant results when the different age groups and both sexes were compared. Thus, the hematological and biochemical values obtained can work as a reference for the bubaline species of animals bred in the studied region, under the same management and breeding conditions. Sex and age of the animals are necessary for the interpretation of the tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Bastos Rocha
- Post Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, s/n°, Bairro Tirirical, São Luís, Maranhão, 65055970, Brazil
| | - Ruan da Cruz Paulino
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Avenida Francisco Mota, 572, Bairro Costa e Silva, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, 59625900, Brazil
| | - Diego Moraes Soares
- Post Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, s/n°, Bairro Tirirical, São Luís, Maranhão, 65055970, Brazil
| | - Wendel Adelino Policarpo
- Post Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, s/n°, Bairro Tirirical, São Luís, Maranhão, 65055970, Brazil
| | - Ednaldo da Silva Filho
- Post Graduate Program in Animal Health and Production in the Amazon (PPGSPAA), Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Av. Pres. Tancredo Neves 2501, Bairro Terra Firme, Belém, Pará, 6077-901, Brazil
| | - Maria Vivina Barros Monteiro
- Post Graduate Program, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas-ICB, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), A. Augusto Correa SN, Bairro Guamá, Belém, Pará, 66075110, Brazil
| | - Michelly Fernandes de Macedo
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Avenida Francisco Mota, 572, Bairro Costa e Silva, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, 59625900, Brazil
| | - Helder de Moraes Pereira
- Post Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, s/n°, Bairro Tirirical, São Luís, Maranhão, 65055970, Brazil.
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