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Bahlool AZ, Cavanagh B, Sullivan AO, MacLoughlin R, Keane J, Sullivan MPO, Cryan SA. Microfluidics produced ATRA-loaded PLGA NPs reduced tuberculosis burden in alveolar epithelial cells and enabled high delivered dose under simulated human breathing pattern in 3D printed head models. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 196:106734. [PMID: 38417586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is second only to COVID-19 as the top infectious disease killer worldwide. Multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) may arise because of poor patient adherence to medications due to lengthy treatment duration and side effects. Delivering novel host directed therapies (HDT), like all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) may help to improve drug regimens and reduce the incidence of MDR-TB. Local delivery of ATRA to the site of infection leads to higher bioavailability and reduced systemic side effects. ATRA is poorly soluble in water and has a short half-life in plasma. Therefore, it requires a formulation step before it can be administered in vivo. ATRA loaded PLGA nanoparticles suitable for nebulization were manufactured and optimized using a scalable nanomanufacturing microfluidics (MF) mixing approach (MF-ATRA-PLGA NPs). MF-ATRA-PLGA NPs demonstrated a dose dependent inhibition of Mtb growth in TB-infected A549 alveolar epithelial cell model while preserving cell viability. The MF-ATRA-PLGA NPs were nebulized with the Aerogen Solo vibrating mesh nebulizer, with aerosol droplet size characterized using laser diffraction and the estimated delivered dose was determined. The volume median diameter (VMD) of the MF-ATRA-PLGA NPs was 3.00 ± 0.18 μm. The inhaled dose delivered in adult and paediatric 3D printed head models under a simulated normal adult and paediatric breathing pattern was found to be 47.05 ± 3 % and 20.15 ± 3.46 % respectively. These aerosol characteristics of MF-ATRA-PLGA NPs supports its suitability for delivery to the lungs via inhalation. The data generated on the efficacy of an inhalable, scalable and regulatory friendly ATRA-PLGA NPs formulation provides a foundation on which further pre-clinical testing can be built. Overall, the results of this project are promising for future research into ATRA loaded NPs formulations as inhaled host directed therapies for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Z Bahlool
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, D02 YN77, Dublin, Ireland; Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Brenton Cavanagh
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Core, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland RCSI, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Andrew O' Sullivan
- Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Ltd, Galway Business Park, Dangan, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, D02 YN77, Dublin, Ireland; Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Ltd, Galway Business Park, Dangan, Galway, Ireland; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joseph Keane
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Mary P O' Sullivan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, D02 YN77, Dublin, Ireland; Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin, Ireland; SFI Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; SFI Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), NUIG & RCSI, Dublin, Ireland.
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Blancas-Luciano BE, Becker-Fauser I, Zamora-Chimal J, Jiménez-García L, Lara-Martínez R, Pérez-Torres A, González del Pliego M, Aguirre-Benítez EL, Fernández-Presas AM. Cystatin C: immunoregulation role in macrophages infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17252. [PMID: 38708345 PMCID: PMC11067906 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease, characterized by an exacerbated inflammatory response and a progressive loss of the supporting tissues of the teeth. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a key etiologic agent in periodontitis. Cystatin C is an antimicrobial salivary peptide that inhibits the growth of P. gingivalis. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of this peptide and its effect on cytokine production, nitric oxide (NO) release, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and programmed cell death in human macrophages infected with P. gingivalis. Methods Monocyte-derived macrophages generated from peripheral blood were infected with P. gingivalis (MOI 1:10) and stimulated with cystatin C (2.75 µg/ml) for 24 h. The intracellular localization of P. gingivalis and cystatin C was determined by immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The intracellular antimicrobial activity of cystatin C in macrophages was assessed by counting Colony Forming Units (CFU). ELISA assay was performed to assess inflammatory (TNFα, IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines. The production of nitrites and ROS was analyzed by Griess reaction and incubation with 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA), respectively. Programmed cell death was assessed with the TUNEL assay, Annexin-V, and caspase activity was also determined. Results Our results showed that cystatin C inhibits the extracellular growth of P. gingivalis. In addition, this peptide is internalized in the infected macrophage, decreases the intracellular bacterial load, and reduces the production of inflammatory cytokines and NO. Interestingly, peptide treatment increased ROS production and substantially decreased bacterial-induced macrophage apoptosis. Conclusions Cystatin C has antimicrobial and immuno-regulatory activity in macrophages infected with P. gingivalis. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the properties of cystatin C for its possible therapeutic use against oral infections such as periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Esther Blancas-Luciano
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ingeborg Becker-Fauser
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Hospital General de México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Zamora-Chimal
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Hospital General de México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Jiménez-García
- Departamento de Biología Celular. Facultad de Ciencias, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Reyna Lara-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Celular. Facultad de Ciencias, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Armando Pérez-Torres
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Margarita González del Pliego
- Departamento de Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Elsa Liliana Aguirre-Benítez
- Departamento de Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ana María Fernández-Presas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Huixquilucan, Universidad Anáhuac, Estado de México, México
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Elkamhawy IM, Ali AE, Elasala GS, Sharaf MH, Mahrous YS. Synthesis, Physicochemical Studies and Powder X‐Ray Diffraction Analyses for New Niclosamide Metal Complexes with Significant Bioactive Behavior. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ismael M. Elkamhawy
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Damanhour University Damanhour Egypt
| | - Alaa E. Ali
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Damanhour University Damanhour Egypt
| | - Gehan S. Elasala
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Damanhour University Damanhour Egypt
| | - Mohamed H. Sharaf
- Botany and Microbiology Department Faculty of Science Al-Azhar University Cairo Egypt
| | - Yasser Sh. Mahrous
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Damanhour University Damanhour Egypt
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Silver Nanoparticles Incorporated on Natural Clay as an Inhibitor against the New ISO SS Bacteria Isolated from Sewage Sludge, Involved in Malachite Green Dye Oxidation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185791. [PMID: 36144533 PMCID: PMC9500645 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile, ecofriendly, and cost-effective method was developed to prepare a microporous material based on natural chemically modified bentonite with silver ions (BN-Ag0). This material presents a good catalytic activity against Malachite Green (MG) dye and bacteriostatic activity against a newly isolated bacterium from sewage sludge named hereafter “ISO SS” and Escherichia coli (E. coli). BN-Ag0 was characterized by the following methods: energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The new bacterium ISO SS, was isolated using the technique of isolating a pure culture of anaerobically stabilized sludge. A mandatory characterization of ISO SS isolated strains from anaerobic stabilized sludge was performed in the process of identifying bacterial species. The cationic clay-based nanomaterial showed appreciable antibacterial activity against ISO SS, a Gram-negative bacterium. It also showed good activity against E. coli bacteria. As a catalyst in the catalytic ozonation of MG dye, BN-Ag0 significantly improves the oxidation time of the dye, due to its good adsorption and catalytic properties. The catalytic and antibacterial activities of the natural bentonite (BN) and of BN-Ag0 were examined using performant characterization techniques. The lifetime of the BN-Ag0 catalyst was also evaluated. Results obtained are expected to provide valuable findings for the preparation of a good microporous material with multiple functionalities.
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Xu X, Yang S, Olajide JS, Qu Z, Gong Z, Wang J, Zhang Y, Wang H, Xiong L, Zhang K, Zhou E, Cai J. Clostridium butyricum Supplement Can Ameliorate the Intestinal Barrier Roles in Broiler Chickens Experimentally Infected With Clostridium perfringens. Front Physiol 2021; 12:737481. [PMID: 34630156 PMCID: PMC8499529 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.737481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotic enteritis (NE), caused by Clostridium perfringens, is an economically important disease in the broiler. Among normal flora in the broiler intestinal region, Clostridium butyricum has been identified as a probiotic agent that reduces the susceptibility of broilers to C. perfringens. However, the effects of C. butyricum supplement on broiler intestinal integrity during NE are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of C. butyricum on the growth performance, intestinal morphology and barrier function, and the functions of immune-related cytokines under NE in broilers. Chickens were divided into five groups: control group (NC), supplement C. butyricum only group (CB), NE-infected group (PC), supplement C. butyricum from Day 14 (NECB1) to Day 22 NE-infected group, and supplement C. butyricum from Day 1 (NECB2) to Day 22 NE-infected group. The results showed that there were significantly decreased average daily weight gain and increased feed conversion rate in the infected group (PC) compared with the C. butyricum-supplemented groups (NECB1 and NECB2) through the diet. Histopathological observation on the Hematoxylin–Eosin staining avian small intestine sections revealed that supplementation of C. butyricum (NECB1 and NECB2) could increase the intestinal villus height/crypt depth and lessen the intestinal damage under NE. ELISA and Limulus test showed that broilers infected with NE (PC) had higher serum IgA and lipopolysaccharide content; however, after C. butyricum supplementation (NECB1 and NECB2), they returned to a normal level. Furthermore, real-time PCR and Western blot results indicated that compared with PC, supplementing C. butyricum (NECB1 and NECB2) could initialize the expressions of genes related to the intestinal barrier-associated molecules (such as CLDN-1, CLDN-3, OCLN, MUC2, ZO-1, and CLDN5), cytokines (such as IL-10, IL-6, and TGFB1), and C. perfringens plc gene expression. Moreover, the results detected by the Ussing chamber suggested that C. butyricum (NECB1 and NECB2) could amend the decrease in conductivity value and short-circuit current value caused by NE. In addition, NECB2 significantly reduced the upregulation of fluorescein isothiocyanate–dextran flux caused by the NE disease. In conclusion, these findings suggest that dietary supplementation of C. butyricum in broilers with NE improved chicken growth performance, intestinal integrity and barrier function, and immunological status. Notably, no statistical difference was observed with the addition of C. butyricum on day 1 or day 14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shunli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Joshua Seun Olajide
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zigang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhenxing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Heng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ling Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Enmin Zhou
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jianping Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Mullen KM, Fox-Alvarez WA, Richardson R, Ginn B, Archer L, Wellehan J. Efficacy of ethylene oxide-sterilized waterproof cases for handheld cameras as sterile barriers for intraoperative imaging and recording. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 259:777-784. [PMID: 34516260 DOI: 10.2460/javma.259.7.777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of ethylene oxide (EtOH) sterilization of 4 different waterproof camera cases and the ability of those sterilized cases to maintain a sterile barrier for intraoperative camera use. SAMPLE 3 action cameras, 1 smartphone, and associated waterproof cases. PROCEDURES Cases were inoculated by immersion in medium containing Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and then manually cleaned and subjected to EtOH sterilization. Cameras were disinfected, loaded into sterile cases, and sterilely operated for 2 hours. Samples were collected from cases after inoculation, EtOH sterilization, camera loading, and 1 and 2 hours of operation and from all cameras after 2 hours of operation. Procedures were repeated twice, followed by an additional challenge round wherein cameras were purposefully contaminated prior to loading. All samples underwent bacterial culture. RESULTS All cases were successfully sterilized, and loading of nonsterile cameras into sterile cases caused no contamination when cameras had been disinfected beforehand. Nonpathogenic environmental contaminants were recovered from 6 of 64 culture samples and 2 of 4 room samples. During the challenge round, only the postload sample for 1 case yielded E coli, suggesting sterile glove contamination; however, postload, 1-hour, and 2-hour samples for the GoPro case yielded E coli and S pseudintermedius, suggesting major contamination. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that the evaluated cases can be safely sterilized with EtOH and used for image acquisition by aseptically prepared surgeons when cameras are disinfected prior to loading. Except for the GoPro camera, camera use did not jeopardize sterile integrity.
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Nanocomposites with ornidazole—antibacterial and antiadhesive agents against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-020-01260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAntimicrobial resistance of many microbial species can cause to thousands of deaths worldwide, in this regard new therapeutic strategies have to be invented. To address the question, we have prepared nanocomposites on the basis of pyrogenic silicon dioxide with ornidazole immobilized on the surface (ornidasil) and studied their antimicrobial properties and the therapeutic potential. It has also been shown, that in comparison with pure ornidazole the addition of ornidazole to nanocomposite composition can enhance the antimicrobial spectrum, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The most significant bactericidal effect has been reached after more than 24-h treatment with the nanocomposite. Antiadhesive properties of nanocomposite materials were studied using blood types OO+, AO+, BO+, AB+, the degree of bacterial adhesion was estimated using three indexes: average adhesion index, index of erythrocytes involvement, index of microbial adhesion. The effectiveness of the treatment with the nanocomposites obtained was studied on complicated wounds of various etiologies, in particular the wounds caused by diabetic foot syndrome.
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BILGE ALI, ÖZTÜRK ÖMÜR, ADALI YASEMEN, ÜSTEBAY SEFER. COULD OZONE TREATMENT BE A PROMISING ALTERNATIVE FOR OSTEOMYELITIS? AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY. ACTA ORTOPEDICA BRASILEIRA 2018; 26:67-71. [PMID: 29977149 PMCID: PMC6025496 DOI: 10.1590/1413-785220182601179926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the biochemical and histopathological impact of ozone treatment in an experimental model of osteomyelitis in rats. Methods: A total of 24 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (3 months old, each weighing 300 to 400 g) were randomly allocated into three groups. Group I (n=8) served as a control and received no interventions or medications. In Group II (n=8), osteomyelitis was induced in the femur and no treatment was applied. Group III (n=8) received intraperitoneal ozone treatment for 3 weeks after the formation of osteomyelitis in the femur. Serum samples were taken to assess total antioxidant capacity (TAC), protein carbonyl content (PCO), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Bone specimens obtained from the femur were histopathologically evaluated for inflammation, necrosis, osteomyelitis, and abscess formation. Results: Serum TAC levels were notably higher (p<0.001), while LDH levels were lower (p=0.002) in Group III than Group II. No significant difference was detected between groups with respect to PCO level. Similarly, Group III displayed more favorable histopathological outcomes with respect to osteomyelitis (p=0.008), inflammation (p=0.001), necrosis (p=0.022), and abscess formation (p=0.022). Conclusion: Ozone may be a useful adjunct treatment for osteomyelitis. Further studies in animals and humans are needed to clarify and confirm these preventive effects, understand the underlying pathophysiology, and establish guidelines. Level of Evidence II; Prospective comparative study.
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Expression Profiles of Cytokine mRNAs in the Pleural Fluid Reveal Differences Among Tuberculosis, Malignancies, and Pneumonia-Exudative Pleural Effusions. Lung 2015; 193:1001-7. [PMID: 26407584 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-015-9809-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis (TB) and malignant diseases are the most common causes of lymphocytic pleural effusion in adults. Serum and pleural fluid cytokine levels have been analyzed to help in the differential diagnosis, but with limited results. PURPOSE This study investigates transcription levels of selected cytokine genes in pleural effusion of patients under investigation for TB. METHODS This was a prospective study that included adult patients under investigation for pleural effusion in Brazil. The expression of 19 cytokine genes was analyzed by RT-qPCR. RESULTS The majority of cytokine-related genes expressed in pleural fluid of TB patients were similar in non-TB patients, except for RORA and RORC genes, which showed a statistically higher level in TB. All cytokines in the Th17 pattern were induced in TB patients' pleural fluid. Patients with malignant pleural effusion expressed higher levels of IFN-α1, IFN-β1, TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-6, and suppression of TGFβ-1. CONCLUSION There is still a lot to understand about the cytokine roles in the pro- and anti-inflammatory environment of exudative pleural effusions. The data presented here showed an increased expression of Th17 pattern cytokines genes in TB patients that could be used as markers to differentiate tuberculous pleuritis from other common causes of exudative pleural effusion.
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Laboratory evaluation of a specimen transport medium for downstream molecular processing of sputum samples to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 117:57-63. [PMID: 26183764 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern molecular-based approaches for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum samples promise quicker and more accurate detection of cases. However, processing sputum samples at central diagnostic facilities provides a diagnostic approach, but requires a safe and efficient system that is not affected by transport delays and ambient temperature to be feasible. We evaluated the technical properties of PrimeStore®-Molecular Transport Medium (PS-MTM) for its ability to inactivate mycobacteria, ensuring stability of DNA over time at ambient temperatures and to assess the compatibility of the transport medium with DNA extraction systems. METHODS Assessment of the transport medium for application of sputum samples processed for the detection of M. tuberculosis included the inactivation of M. tuberculosis in spiked sputum samples, compatibility of the medium with three commercial nucleic extraction systems and stability of DNA in the medium at ambient temperature over 28 days. We further performed a clinical laboratory evaluation on 256 sputum specimens sent for tuberculosis investigation. RESULTS Complete inactivation of M. tuberculosis occurred within 30 min of exposure at a ratio of 1:3 for sputum to PS-MTM. Sputum specimen in PS-MTM showed very good compatibility with automated bead-based extraction systems, producing high DNA output (estimated lower limits of detection: ~170 CFU/ml). Furthermore, PS-MTM samples remained stable over 28 days at ambient temperature displaying no significant change over time in Ct-values (<5% on a mean starting value of 22.47). Of the 256 clinical sputum specimens, 10.2% were culture positive and 11.0% were positive by real-time PCR of PS-MTM samples. CONCLUSIONS Collecting and transporting sputum from TB suspects in PS-MTM offer safe transport at ambient temperature, DNA stability for extended periods without cooling and specimens directly suitable for molecular testing. This novel approach may support introduction and further scale-up of molecular diagnostics for TB in resource-limited settings.
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Feliciano CS, Nascimento MMP, Anselmo LMP, Pocente RHC, Bellissimo-Rodrigues F, Bollela VR. Role of a GenoType MTBDRplus line probe assay in early detection of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis at a Brazilian reference center. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 48:759-64. [PMID: 26132094 PMCID: PMC4541697 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20154458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a reality worldwide, and
its diagnosis continues to be difficult and time consuming. To face this challenge,
the World Health Organization has recommended the use of rapid molecular tests. We
evaluated the routine use (once a week) of a line probe assay (Genotype
MTBDRplus) for early diagnosis of resistance and for assessment
of the main related risk factors over 2 years. A total of 170 samples were tested: 15
(8.8%) were resistant, and multidrug resistance was detected in 10 (5.9%). The
sensitivity profile took 3 weeks (2 weeks for culture and 1 week for rapid testing).
Previous treatment for tuberculosis and the persistence of positive acid-fast smears
after 4 months of supervised treatment were the major risk factors observed. The use
of molecular tests enabled early diagnosis of drug-resistant bacilli and led to
appropriate treatment of the disease. This information has the potential to interrupt
the transmission chain of resistant M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Feliciano
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - M M P Nascimento
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - L M P Anselmo
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - R H C Pocente
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - F Bellissimo-Rodrigues
- Departamento de Medicina Social, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - V R Bollela
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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de Oliveira TV, Soares NDFF, de Andrade NJ, Silva DJ, Medeiros EAA, Badaró AT. Application of PCDA/SPH/CHO/Lysine vesicles to detect pathogenic bacteria in chicken. Food Chem 2014; 172:428-32. [PMID: 25442574 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
During the course of infection, Salmonella must successively survive the harsh acid stress of the stomach and multiply into a mild acidic compartment within macrophages. Inducible amino acid decarboxylases are known to promote adaptation to acidic environments, as lysine decarboxylation to cadaverine. The idea of Salmonella defenses responses could be employed in systems as polydiacetylene (PDA) to detect this pathogen so important to public health system. Beside that PDA is an important substance because of the unique optical property; that undergoes a colorimetric transitions by various external stimuli. Therefore 10,12-pentacosadyinoic acid (PCDA)/Sphingomyelin(SPH)/Cholesterol(CHO)/Lysine system was tested to determine the colorimetric response induced by Salmonella choleraesuis. PCDA/SPH/CHO/Lysine vesicles showed a colour change even in low S. choleraesuis concentration present in laboratory conditions and in chicken meat. Thus, this work showed a PCDA/SPH/CHO/Lysine vesicle application to simplify routine analyses in food industry, as chicken meat industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taíla V de Oliveira
- Food Technology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida PH Holfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, 36.570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Nilda de F F Soares
- Food Technology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida PH Holfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, 36.570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Nélio J de Andrade
- Food Technology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida PH Holfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, 36.570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Deusanilde J Silva
- Chemistry Engineering Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida PH Holfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, 36.570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Eber Antônio A Medeiros
- Food Technology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida PH Holfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, 36.570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Amanda T Badaró
- Food Technology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida PH Holfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, 36.570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Jang MH, Kim SY, Kim CK, Hwang SH, Park BK, Kim SS, Lee EY, Chang CL. Early detection of mycobacteria using a novel hydrogel culture method. Ann Lab Med 2014; 34:26-30. [PMID: 24422192 PMCID: PMC3885769 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2014.34.1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early laboratory detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is crucial for controlling tuberculosis. We developed a hydrogel mycobacterial culture method that retains the advantages of both solid and liquid methods in terms of speed, cost, and efficiency. Methods Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) suspensions and 200 acid-fast bacilli (AFB)-positive clinical specimens were inoculated in Middlebrook 7H9 liquid media (Becton-Dickinson and Company, USA) and mixed with 75 µL of 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-Phe-Phe-OH hydrogel stock solution in an Eppendorf tube just before culture incubation. The mixtures were cultured at 37℃ for as long as 14 days to monitor culture status. Results The number of M. bovis BCG increased with time. For 200 AFB smear-positive specimens, 155 of 158 conventional culture-positive specimens and 4 culture-negative or contaminated specimens yielded positive cultures within 14 days. For 128 specimens positive with the liquid culture method, the time to positive culture using the hydrogel method (mean, 12.6 days; range, 7 to 14 days) was significantly shorter than that for conventional liquid culture (mean, 16.2 days; range, 6 to 31 days; P<0.0001). Conclusions The hydrogel scaffold culture system is useful for timely, economical, and efficient detection of mycobacteria in clinical specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hee Jang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Shine Young Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Chang-Ki Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Osong, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Hwang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Diagnostic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Byung Kyu Park
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Social Studies of Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Eun Yup Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Chulhun L Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea. ; Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
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Peñuelas-Urquides K, Villarreal-Treviño L, Silva-Ramírez B, Rivadeneyra-Espinoza L, Said-Fernández S, de León MB. Measuring of Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth. A correlation of the optical measurements with colony forming units. Braz J Microbiol 2013; 44:287-9. [PMID: 24159318 PMCID: PMC3804212 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822013000100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantification of colony forming units (cfu), turbidity, and optical density at 600 nm (OD600) measurements were used to evaluate Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth. Turbidity and OD600 measurements displayed similar growth curves, while cfu quantification showed a continuous growth curve. We determined the cfu equivalents to McFarland and OD600 units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Peñuelas-Urquides
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, NL, México. ; Posgrado en Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, México
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He F, Xiang M, Mi X. A New Bacteriophage-Modified Piezoelectric Sensor for Rapid and Specific detection of Mycobacterium. ANAL LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2012.673106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Balamurugan R, Venkataraman S, John KR, Ramakrishna BS. PCR amplification of the IS6110 insertion element of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in fecal samples from patients with intestinal tuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:1884-6. [PMID: 16672431 PMCID: PMC1479206 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.44.5.1884-1886.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PCR amplification of insertion element IS6110 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in fecal samples was evaluated in the diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis (ITB). The numbers of samples that tested positive by PCR with SalI digestion were 16/18 untreated-ITB samples, 0/8 treated-ITB samples, 12/14 smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis samples, and 0/30 control samples. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of fecal PCR were 88.8%, 100%, 100%, and 93.7%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadass Balamurugan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Ida Scudder Road, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ogusku MM, Salem JI. Análise de diferentes primers utilizados na PCR visando ao diagnóstico da tuberculose no Estado do Amazonas. J Bras Pneumol 2004. [DOI: 10.1590/s1806-37132004000400008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: Há diferentes primers sendo testados para a detecção do DNA do Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A acuidade da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) depende da existência da seqüência alvo no bacilo e de os testes serem realizados em cepas isoladas ou em amostras clínicas. OBJETIVO: Verificar a presença das seqüências de DNA alvo mais relatadas na literatura para o diagnóstico da tuberculose em amostras clínicas usando como controle positivo as respectivas cepas de M. tuberculosis isoladas. MÉTODO: Oitenta e uma amostras clínicas de pacientes com suspeita de tuberculose foram submetidas à baciloscopia e cultivo. A técnica de PCR foi realizada nas amostras clínicas e cepas isoladas com primers específicos para os seguintes alvos: IS6110, 65 kDa, 38 kDa e MPB64. RESULTADOS: Em 24 amostras com baciloscopia e cultivo negativos, a PCR também foi negativa com todos os primers testados. Em 19 amostras com baciloscopia positiva e nas cepas isoladas obteve-se 100% de resultados positivos nas PCR, exceto nas PCR em amostras clínicas com os primers para a seqüência MPB64 (89,4%). Em 38 amostras com baciloscopia negativa e cultivo positivo, as PCR tiveram resultados variáveis, sendo que os primers específicos que amplificam o fragmento de 123 pb da seqüência IS6110 foram os que forneceram os maiores percentuais de positividade (92,1%), concordância diagnóstica (0,9143), co-positividade (94,7%) e co-negatividade (100%). CONCLUSÃO: As seqüências IS6110, 38 kDa, MPB64 e 65 kDa foram encontradas no genoma de todas as cepas de M. tuberculosis isoladas desses pacientes do Estado do Amazonas. O protocolo utilizado no processamento das amostras clínicas e os primers específicos utilizados para amplificação do fragmento de 123 pb da seqüência IS6110 demonstraram maior eficiência no diagnóstico da tuberculose pulmonar (paucibacilar) em comparação com a literatura.
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Martins LC, Paschoal IA, Von Nowakonski A, Silva SA, Costa FF, Ward LS. Nested-PCR using MPB64 fragment improves the diagnosis of pleural and meningeal tuberculosis. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2000; 33:253-7. [PMID: 10967593 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822000000300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluids in which Mycobacterium tuberculosis are seldom found, such as pleural and cerebrospinal liquids, are good candidates to be studied using PCR techniques. We detail our experience with a PCR assay applied to pleural and cerebrospinal fluids using the primer MPB64. Seventy three specimens were analyzed: 30 pleural fluids (PF), 26 pleural biopsies (PB) and 17 cerebrospinal fluids (CSF). The gold standard for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis was the positive culture for M. tuberculosis in CSF. Tuberculous pleural effusion was diagnosed when cultures of PF and/or PB were positive for M. tuberculosis, or the PB histology showed granulomas. Our results, compared to the gold standards employed, showed a sensitivity of 70%, specificity of 88%, positive predictive value of 82% and negative predictive value of 80%. The high specificity of the MPB64 fragment while still retaining a good sensitivity makes it very well suited for pleural and cerebrospinal tuberculosis diagnosis.
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Abanto SMH, Hirata MH, Hirata RD, Mamizuka EM, Schmal M, Hoshino-Shimizu S. Evaluation of Henes-PCR assay forMycobacteriumdetection in different clinical specimens from patients with or without tuberculosis-associated HIV infection. J Clin Lab Anal 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1098-2825(2000)14:5<238::aid-jcla7>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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