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Pascovich C, Serantes D, Rodriguez A, Mateos D, González J, Gallo D, Rivas M, Devera A, Lagos P, Rubido N, Torterolo P. Dorsal and median raphe neuronal firing dynamics characterized by nonlinear measures. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1012111. [PMID: 38805554 PMCID: PMC11161118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The dorsal (DRN) and median (MRN) raphe are important nuclei involved in similar functions, including mood and sleep, but playing distinct roles. These nuclei have a different composition of neuronal types and set of neuronal connections, which among other factors, determine their neuronal dynamics. Most works characterize the neuronal dynamics using classic measures, such as using the average spiking frequency (FR), the coefficient of variation (CV), and action potential duration (APD). In the current study, to refine the characterization of neuronal firing profiles, we examined the neurons within the raphe nuclei. Through the utilization of nonlinear measures, our objective was to discern the redundancy and complementarity of these measures, particularly in comparison with classic methods. To do this, we analyzed the neuronal basal firing profile in both nuclei of urethane-anesthetized rats using the Shannon entropy (Bins Entropy) of the inter-spike intervals, permutation entropy of ordinal patterns (OP Entropy), and Permutation Lempel-Ziv Complexity (PLZC). Firstly, we found that classic (i.e., FR, CV, and APD) and nonlinear measures fail to distinguish between the dynamics of DRN and MRN neurons, except for the OP Entropy. We also found strong relationships between measures, including the CV with FR, CV with Bins entropy, and FR with PLZC, which imply redundant information. However, APD and OP Entropy have either a weak or no relationship with the rest of the measures tested, suggesting that they provide complementary information to the characterization of the neuronal firing profiles. Secondly, we studied how these measures are affected by the oscillatory properties of the firing patterns, including rhythmicity, bursting patterns, and clock-like behavior. We found that all measures are sensitive to rhythmicity, except for the OP Entropy. Overall, our work highlights OP Entropy as a powerful and useful quantity for the characterization of neuronal discharge patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pascovich
- Laboratory of Sleep Neurobiology, Department of Physiology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Consciousness and Cognition Laboratory, Department of Psychology, King’s College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Diego Serantes
- Laboratory of Sleep Neurobiology, Department of Physiology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alejo Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Sleep Neurobiology, Department of Physiology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Diego Mateos
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa (Bizkaia), Spain
- Instituto de Matemática Aplicada del Litoral (IMAL-CONICET-UNL), Santa Fé, Argentina
- Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos (UADER), Oro Verde, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Joaquín González
- Laboratory of Sleep Neurobiology, Department of Physiology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Diego Gallo
- Laboratory of Sleep Neurobiology, Department of Physiology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mayda Rivas
- Laboratory of Sleep Neurobiology, Department of Physiology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrea Devera
- Laboratory of Sleep Neurobiology, Department of Physiology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Patricia Lagos
- Laboratory of Neuropeptide Transmission, Department of Physiology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nicolás Rubido
- Institute for Complex Systems and Mathematical Biology, King’s College, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Torterolo
- Laboratory of Sleep Neurobiology, Department of Physiology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Gould TJ, Leach PT. Cellular, molecular, and genetic substrates underlying the impact of nicotine on learning. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2013; 107:108-32. [PMID: 23973448 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Addiction is a chronic disorder marked by long-lasting maladaptive changes in behavior and in reward system function. However, the factors that contribute to the behavioral and biological changes that occur with addiction are complex and go beyond reward. Addiction involves changes in cognitive control and the development of disruptive drug-stimuli associations that can drive behavior. A reason for the strong influence drugs of abuse can exert on cognition may be the striking overlap between the neurobiological substrates of addiction and of learning and memory, especially areas involved in declarative memory. Declarative memories are critically involved in the formation of autobiographical memories, and the ability of drugs of abuse to alter these memories could be particularly detrimental. A key structure in this memory system is the hippocampus, which is critically involved in binding multimodal stimuli together to form complex long-term memories. While all drugs of abuse can alter hippocampal function, this review focuses on nicotine. Addiction to tobacco products is insidious, with the majority of smokers wanting to quit; yet the majority of those that attempt to quit fail. Nicotine addiction is associated with the presence of drug-context and drug-cue associations that trigger drug seeking behavior and altered cognition during periods of abstinence, which contributes to relapse. This suggests that understanding the effects of nicotine on learning and memory will advance understanding and potentially facilitate treating nicotine addiction. The following sections examine: (1) how the effects of nicotine on hippocampus-dependent learning change as nicotine administration transitions from acute to chronic and then to withdrawal from chronic treatment and the potential impact of these changes on addiction, (2) how nicotine usurps the cellular mechanisms of synaptic plasticity, (3) the physiological changes in the hippocampus that may contribute to nicotine withdrawal deficits in learning, and (4) the role of genetics and developmental stage (i.e., adolescence) in these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Gould
- Temple University Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States.
| | - Prescott T Leach
- Temple University Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States
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