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Gomes Noll JC, Joshi LR, do Nascimento GM, Vieira Fernandes MH, Sharma B, Furtado Flores E, Diel DG. Deletion of the thymidine kinase gene attenuates Caprine alphaherpesvirus 1 in goats. Vet Microbiol 2019; 237:108370. [PMID: 31585643 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Caprine alphaherpesvirus 1 (CpHV-1) is a pathogen associated with systemic infection and respiratory disease in kids and subclinical infection or reproductive failure and abortions in adult goats. The enzyme thymidine kinase (TK) is an important viral product involved in nucleotide synthesis. This property makes the tk gene a common target for herpesvirus attenuation. Here we deleted the tk gene of a CpHV-1 isolate and characterized the recombinant CpHV-1ΔTKin vitro and in vivo. In vitro characterization revealed that the recombinant CpHV-1ΔTK replicated to similar titers and produced plaques of similar size to the parental CpHV-1 strain in BT and CRIB cell lines. Upon intranasal inoculation of young goats, the parental virus replicated more efficiently and for a longer period than the recombinant virus. In addition, infection with the parental virus resulted in mild systemic and respiratory signs whereas the kids inoculated with the recombinant CpHV-1ΔTK virus remained healthy. Goats inoculated with the parental virus also developed higher neutralizing antibody titers when compared to CpHV-1ΔTK inoculated animals. Dexamethasone (Dx) administration on days 35-39 post-inoculation did not result in virus shedding in nasal secretions, indicating lack of reactivation from latency. However, viral DNA was detected in the trigeminal ganglia of animals euthanized at 14 days post-Dx, indicating that both viruses successfully established latent infection. Our results show that the recombinant CpHV-1ΔTK presents an attenuated phenotype when compared to the parental virus, and hence may represent a promising vaccine candidate to prevent CpHV-1 disease in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Caroline Gomes Noll
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil; Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota state University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Lok Raj Joshi
- Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota state University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Gabriela Mansano do Nascimento
- Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota state University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Maureen Hoch Vieira Fernandes
- Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota state University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Bishwas Sharma
- Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota state University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Eduardo Furtado Flores
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Diego Gustavo Diel
- Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota state University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.
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Secretory expression of bovine herpesvirus type 1/5 glycoprotein E in Pichia pastoris for the differential diagnosis of vaccinated or infected cattle. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 130:21-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Weiss M, Brum MCS, Anziliero D, Weiblen R, Flores EF. A glycoprotein E gene-deleted bovine herpesvirus 1 as a candidate vaccine strain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [PMID: 26200229 PMCID: PMC4568813 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20154243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) defective in glycoprotein E (gE) was constructed from
a Brazilian genital BoHV-1 isolate, by replacing the full gE coding region with the
green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene for selection. Upon
co-transfection of MDBK cells with genomic viral DNA plus the
GFP-bearing gE-deletion plasmid, three fluorescent recombinant
clones were obtained out of approximately 5000 viral plaques. Deletion of the
gE gene and the presence of the GFP marker in
the genome of recombinant viruses were confirmed by PCR. Despite forming smaller
plaques, the BoHV-1△gE recombinants replicated in MDBK cells with similar kinetics
and to similar titers to that of the parental virus (SV56/90), demonstrating that the
gE deletion had no deleterious effects on replication efficacy in
vitro. Thirteen calves inoculated intramuscularly with BoHV-1△gE
developed virus neutralizing antibodies at day 42 post-infection (titers from 2 to
16), demonstrating the ability of the recombinant to replicate and to induce a
serological response in vivo. Furthermore, the serological response
induced by recombinant BoHV-1△gE could be differentiated from that induced by
wild-type BoHV-1 by the use of an anti-gE antibody ELISA kit. Taken together, these
results indicated the potential application of recombinant BoHV-1 △gE in vaccine
formulations to prevent the losses caused by BoHV-1 infections while allowing for
differentiation of vaccinated from naturally infected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Weiss
- Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, BR
| | - M C S Brum
- Laboratório de Virologia, Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, BR
| | - D Anziliero
- Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, BR
| | - R Weiblen
- Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, BR
| | - E F Flores
- Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, BR
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Anziliero D, Santos CMB, Brum MCS, Weiblen R, Chowdhury SI, Flores EF. A recombinant bovine herpesvirus 5 defective in thymidine kinase and glycoprotein E is immunogenic for calves and confers protection upon homologous challenge and BoHV-1 challenge. Vet Microbiol 2011; 154:14-22. [PMID: 22019288 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 03/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A recombinant bovine herpesvirus 5 lacking thymidine kinase and glycoprotein E genes (BoHV-5gEΔTKΔ) was evaluated as a live experimental vaccine. In a first experiment, ten-months-old calves were vaccinated intramuscularly (n=9) or remained as controls (n=8) and 42 days later were challenged with BoHV-5 or BoHV-1 intranasally. The four control calves challenged with BoHV-5 developed severe depression and neurological signs and were euthanized in extremis at days 13 and 14 pos-infection (pi); the five vaccinated animals challenged with BoHV-5 remained healthy. The titers of virus shedding were reduced (p<0.01) from days 3 to 7 post-infection (pi) in vaccinated animals. Control and vaccinated calves challenged with BoHV-1 presented mild transient respiratory signs; yet the magnitude of virus shedding was reduced (p<0.05) in vaccinated animals (days 5, 9 and 11pi). In a second experiment, young calves (100-120 days-old) were vaccinated (n=15) or kept as controls (n=5) and subsequently challenged with a BoHV-1 isolate. Control calves developed moderate to severe rhinitis and respiratory distress; two were euthanized in extremis at days 5 and 9 pi, respectively. In contrast, vaccinated animals were protected from challenge and only a few developed mild and transient nasal signs. The duration and titers of virus shedding after challenge were reduced (p<0.05) in vaccinated animals comparing to controls. In both experiments, vaccinated animals developed antibodies to gE only after challenge. These results demonstrate homologous and heterologous protection and are promising towards the use of the recombinant BoHV-5gEΔTKΔ in vaccine formulations to control BoHV-5 and BoHV-1 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Anziliero
- Virology Section, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000 Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
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Anziliero D, Santos CMBD, Bauermann FV, Cardozo L, Bernardes LM, Brum MCS, Weiblen R, Flores EF. A recombinant bovine herpesvirus 5 defective in thymidine kinase and glycoprotein E is attenuated and immunogenic for calves. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2011000100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) is an important pathogen of cattle in South America and efforts have been made to produce safer and more effective vaccines. In addition to afford protection, herpesvirus vaccines should allow serological differentiation of vaccinated from naturally, latently infected animals. We previously reported the construction and characterization in vitro of a double mutant BoHV-5 (BoHV-5gE/TK Δ) lacking the genes encoding thymidine kinase (tk) for attenuation, and glycoprotein E (gE) as the antigenic marker, as a vaccine candidate strain (Brum et al. 2010a). The present article reports an investigation on the attenuation and immunogenicity of this recombinant in calves. In a first experiment, 80 to 90-day-old seronegative calves (n=6) inoculated intranasally with the recombinant (titer of 10(7.5)TCID50) shed virus in low to moderate titers in nasal secretions for up to 6 days, yet did not develop any respiratory, systemic or neurological signs of infection. At day 30 post-infection (pi) all calves had BoHV-5 specific neutralizing (VN) antibodies in titers of 4 to 8 and were negative for anti-gE antibodies in a commercial ELISA test. Administration of dexamethasone (0.1mg/kg/day during 5 days) to four of these calves at day 42 pi did not result in virus shedding or increase in VN titers, indicating lack of viral reactivation. Secondly, a group of 8-month-old calves (n=9) vaccinated intramuscularly (IM) with the recombinant virus (10(7.5)TCID50/animal) did not shed virus in nasal secretions, remained healthy and developed VN titers from 2 to 8 at day 42 post-vaccination (pv), remaining negative for gE antibodies. Lastly, 21 calves (around 10 months old) maintained under field conditions were vaccinated IM with the recombinant virus (titer of 10(7.3)TCID50). All vaccinated animals developed VN titers from 2 to 16 at day 30 pv. A boost vaccination performed at day 240 pv resulted in a rapid and strong anamnestic antibody response, with VN titers reaching from 16 to 256 at day 14 post-booster. Again, serum samples remained negative for gE antibodies. Selected serum samples from vaccinated animals showed a broad VN activity against nine BoHV-5 and eight BoHV-1 field isolates. These results show that the recombinant virus is attenuated, immunogenic for calves and induces an antibody response differentiable from that induced by natural infection. Thus, the recombinant BoHV-5gE/TKΔ is an adequate candidate strain for a modified live vaccine.
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