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Arakelian VM, Goulart CDL, Mendes RG, Sousa NMD, Trimer R, Guizilini S, Sampaio LMM, Baldissera V, Arena R, Reis MS, Borghi-Silva A. Physiological responses in different intensities of resistance exercise - Critical load and the effects of aging process. J Sports Sci 2019; 37:1420-1428. [PMID: 30595098 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1561389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Aim was to identify critical load (CL) in young and elderly apparently healthy male cohorts. To contrast the metabolic, cardiovascular and perceptual responses on CL according to age. We evaluated 12 young (23 ± 3 years) and 10 elderly (70 ± 2 years) apparently healthy active males, who underwent: (1) 1 repetition maximum (1RM) test on a 45° Leg Press; (2) on different days, three high-intensity resistance exercise constant load tests (60%, 75% and 90% 1RM) until fatigue (Tlim). Absolute values of both the CL asymptote and curvature constant (kg) were significantly lower in elderly subjects (P < 0.05). In contrast, elderly subjects demonstrated a significantly higher number of repetitions at CL when compared with young subjects (P < 0.05). As expected, oxygen uptake (VO2) and heart rate (HR) during maximal aerobic exercise testing were significantly reduced in older subjects. However, percent-predicted aerobic capacity were higher in older subjects (P < 0.05). In addition, blood lactate ([La-]) corrected to Tlim and rating of perceived exertion values were greater in younger subjects at all intensities (P < 0.05). These findings, despite reduced force production in older subjects, endurance-related parameters are well preserved according to age-adjusted percent-predicted values in apparently healthy males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Maria Arakelian
- a Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Departamento de Fisioterapia , Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar , São Carlos , Brazil.,b Programa de Pós-graduação Interunidades em Bioengenharia , EESC/FMRP/IQSC, Universidade de São Paulo, USP , São Carlos , Brazil
| | - Cássia da Luz Goulart
- a Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Departamento de Fisioterapia , Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar , São Carlos , Brazil
| | - Renata Gonçalves Mendes
- a Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Departamento de Fisioterapia , Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar , São Carlos , Brazil
| | - Nuno Manoel de Sousa
- a Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Departamento de Fisioterapia , Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar , São Carlos , Brazil.,c Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas , Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar , São Carlos , Brazil
| | - Renata Trimer
- a Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Departamento de Fisioterapia , Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar , São Carlos , Brazil
| | - Solange Guizilini
- d Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Disciplines, São Paulo Hospital, Escola Paulista de Medicina , Federal University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.,e Department of Human Motion Sciences, Physical Therapy School , Federal University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Vilmar Baldissera
- c Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas , Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar , São Carlos , Brazil
| | - Ross Arena
- g Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences , University of Illinois Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Michel S Reis
- h Cardiorespiratory Rehabilitation (GECARE) and Department of Physical Therapy, Faculdade de Medicina , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Audrey Borghi-Silva
- a Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Departamento de Fisioterapia , Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar , São Carlos , Brazil.,b Programa de Pós-graduação Interunidades em Bioengenharia , EESC/FMRP/IQSC, Universidade de São Paulo, USP , São Carlos , Brazil.,g Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences , University of Illinois Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
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Arêas G, Caruso F, Simões R, Castello-Simões V, Jaenisch R, Sato T, Cabiddu R, Mendes R, Arena R, Borghi-Silva A. Ultra-short-term heart rate variability during resistance exercise in the elderly. Braz J Med Biol Res 2018; 51:e6962. [PMID: 29791599 PMCID: PMC6002140 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20186962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the appeal of ultra-short-term heart rate variability (HRV) methods of analysis applied in the clinical and research settings, the number of studies that have investigated HRV by analyzing R-R interval (RRi) recordings shorter than 5 min is still limited. Moreover, ultra-short-term HRV analysis has not been extensively validated during exercise and, currently, no indications exist for its applicability during resistance exercise. The aim of the present study was to compare ultra-short-term HRV analysis with standard short-term HRV analysis during low-intensity, dynamic, lower limb resistance exercise in healthy elderly subjects. Heart rate (HR) and RRi signals were collected from 9 healthy elderly men during discontinuous incremental resistance exercise consisting of 4-min intervals at low intensities (10, 20, 30, and 35% of 1-repetition maximum). The original RRi signals were segmented into 1-, 2-, and 3-min sections. HRV was analyzed in the time domain (root mean square of the of differences between adjacent RRi, divided by the number of RRi, minus one [RMSSD]), RRi mean value and standard deviation [SDNN] (percentage of differences between adjacent NN intervals that are greater than 50 ms [pNN50]), and by non-linear analysis (short-term RRi standard deviation [SD1] and long-term RRi standard deviation [SD2]). No significant difference was found at any exercise intensity between the results of ultra-short-term HRV analysis and the results of standard short-term HRV analysis. Furthermore, we observed excellent (0.70 to 0.89) to near-perfect (0.90 to 1.00) concordance between linear and non-linear parameters calculated over 1- and 2-min signal sections and parameters calculated over 3-min signal sections. Ultra-short-term HRV analysis appears to be a reliable surrogate of standard short-term HRV analysis during resistance exercise in healthy elderly subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- G.P.T. Arêas
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências
Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brasil
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Pós Graduação em Fisioterapia,
Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - F.C.R. Caruso
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Pós Graduação em Fisioterapia,
Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - R.P. Simões
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Pós Graduação em Fisioterapia,
Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - V. Castello-Simões
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Pós Graduação em Fisioterapia,
Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - R.B. Jaenisch
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Curso de Fisioterapia,
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - T.O. Sato
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Pós Graduação em Fisioterapia,
Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - R. Cabiddu
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Pós Graduação em Fisioterapia,
Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - R. Mendes
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Pós Graduação em Fisioterapia,
Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - R. Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health
Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A. Borghi-Silva
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Pós Graduação em Fisioterapia,
Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
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Sperling MPR, Simões RP, Caruso FCR, Mendes RG, Arena R, Borghi-Silva A. Is heart rate variability a feasible method to determine anaerobic threshold in progressive resistance exercise in coronary artery disease? Braz J Phys Ther 2016; 20:289-97. [PMID: 27556384 PMCID: PMC5015676 DOI: 10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have shown that the magnitude of the metabolic and autonomic responses during progressive resistance exercise (PRE) is associated with the determination of the anaerobic threshold (AT). AT is an important parameter to determine intensity in dynamic exercise. Objectives To investigate the metabolic and cardiac autonomic responses during dynamic resistance exercise in patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Method Twenty men (age = 63±7 years) with CAD [Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) = 60±10%] underwent a PRE protocol on a leg press until maximal exertion. The protocol began at 10% of One Repetition Maximum Test (1-RM), with subsequent increases of 10% until maximal exhaustion. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) indices from Poincaré plots (SD1, SD2, SD1/SD2) and time domain (rMSSD and RMSM), and blood lactate were determined at rest and during PRE. Results Significant alterations in HRV and blood lactate were observed starting at 30% of 1-RM (p<0.05). Bland-Altman plots revealed a consistent agreement between blood lactate threshold (LT) and rMSSD threshold (rMSSDT) and between LT and SD1 threshold (SD1T). Relative values of 1-RM in all LT, rMSSDT and SD1T did not differ (29%±5 vs 28%±5 vs 29%±5 Kg, respectively). Conclusion HRV during PRE could be a feasible noninvasive method of determining AT in CAD patients to plan intensities during cardiac rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena P R Sperling
- Interunidades Bioengenharia (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP, Brazil.,Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo P Simões
- Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia C R Caruso
- Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata G Mendes
- Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ross Arena
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, USA
| | - Audrey Borghi-Silva
- Interunidades Bioengenharia (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP, Brazil.,Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil.,Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, USA
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Machado-Vidotti HG, Mendes RG, Simões RP, Castello-Simões V, Catai AM, Borghi-Silva A. Cardiac autonomic responses during upper versus lower limb resistance exercise in healthy elderly men. Braz J Phys Ther 2015; 18:9-18. [PMID: 24675908 PMCID: PMC4183232 DOI: 10.1590/s1413-35552012005000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the cardiac autonomic responses during upper versus lower limb
discontinuous resistance exercise (RE) at different loads in healthy older
men. Method Ten volunteers (65±1.2 years) underwent the one-repetition maximum
(1RM) test to determine the maximum load for the bench press and the leg
press. Discontinuous RE was initiated at a load of 10%1RM with subsequent
increases of 10% until 30%1RM, followed by increases of 5%1RM until
exhaustion. Heart rate (HR) and R-R interval were recorded at rest and for 4
minutes at each load applied. Heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed in
5-min segments at rest and at each load in the most stable 2-min signal.
Results Parasympathetic indices decreased significantly in both exercises from 30%1RM
compared to rest (rMSSD: 20±2 to 11±3 and 29±5 to
12±2 ms; SD1: 15±2 to 8±1 and 23±4 to 7±1
ms, for upper and lower limb exercise respectively) and HR increased
(69±4 to 90±4 bpm for upper and 66±2 to 89±1 bpm
for lower). RMSM increased for upper limb exercise, but decreased for lower
limb exercise (28±3 to 45±9 and 34±5 to 14±3 ms,
respectively). In the frequency domain, the sympathetic (LF) and
sympathovagal balance (LF/HF) indices were higher and the parasympathetic
index (HF) was lower for upper limb exercise than for lower limb exercise
from 35% of 1RM. Conclusions Cardiac autonomic change occurred from 30% of 1RM regardless of RE limb.
However, there was more pronounced sympathetic increase and vagal decrease
for upper limb exercise than for lower limb exercise. These results provide
a basis for more effective prescription of RE to promote health in this
population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renata G Mendes
- Exercise Research Center, Physical Therapy Department, Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo P Simões
- Exercise Research Center, Physical Therapy Department, Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Viviane Castello-Simões
- Exercise Research Center, Physical Therapy Department, Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Aparecida M Catai
- Exercise Research Center, Physical Therapy Department, Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Audrey Borghi-Silva
- Sao Carlos School of Engineering, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Gomes AM, Rocha-e-Silva M. Exercise and its interactions with various aspects of man and animal lives. ACTA ORTOPEDICA BRASILEIRA 2012; 20:356-66. [PMID: 24453632 PMCID: PMC3861955 DOI: 10.1590/s1413-78522012000600009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
To review recently published papers in the Brazilian Scientific press on the general subject of physical exercise. All articles published in 2010/2011 found through the keyword exercise were collected from 11 Brazilian Journals. They were hand filtered to exclude all but original research papers. They were grouped according to subject categories and subcategories. A brief summary of all included articles was produced, comparing similar articles between them. The most commonly found interactions refer to exercise vs. the cardiovascular system, metabolism and the locomotor system, in this order. The volume of scientific research in the field is high and of sufficient quality to justify highlighting.
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