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Rafieenia F, Nikkhah E, Nourmohammadi F, Hosseini S, Abdollahi A, Sharifi N, Aliakbarian M, Forghani Fard MM, Gholamin M, Abbaszadegan MR. Allogeneic tumor cell line-based vaccines: A good alternative to autologous and cancer stem cell vaccines in colorectal cancer. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:1231-1239. [PMID: 35083010 PMCID: PMC8751741 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.56732.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Besides the uncertainty about colorectal cancer stem cell (CCSC) markers, isolating, purifying, and enriching CCSCs to produce CCSC vaccines is highly challenging. However, allogeneic vaccines developed from CRC cell lines can provide universal, comprehensive, inexpensive, simple, and fast approach to cancer treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS CCSCs were isolated from human CRC tissue using the in vitro sphere formation assay and then characterized through gene expression analysis, in vivo and in vitro tumor formation assay, karyotyping, and surface marker detection. Subsequently, CCSCs and two CRC cell lines (HT-29 and SW-480) were inactivated with cisplatin (CDDP) and administrated as vaccines to the three groups of athymic C57BL/6 nude mice. Afterward, tumorigenesis was challenged with HT-29 cells. The antitumor effect of vaccines was evaluated by tumor and spleen examination and immune response analysis. The cytotoxic activity of splenocytes and serum levels of TGF-β and IFN-γ were measured by Calcein-AM cytotoxicity assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. RESULTS The results of gene expression analysis showed that CCSCs are CD44+CD133-LGR5-. All vaccinations resulted in decreased tumor growth, spleen enlargement, enhanced serum level of IFN-γ and TGF-β, and increased cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) cells. The antitumor efficacy of the CCSC vaccine was not more than CRC cell line-based vaccines. Interestingly, the allogeneic SW-480 vaccine could effectively inhibit tumorigenesis. CONCLUSION Despite the great challenge in developing CCSC vaccines, allogeneic vaccines based on CRC cell lines can efficiently induce antitumor immunity in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rafieenia
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elham Nikkhah
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Susan Hosseini
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Abdollahi
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nurieh Sharifi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Aliakbarian
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mehran Gholamin
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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2
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Kopenhaver J, Crutcher M, Waldman SA, Snook AE. The shifting paradigm of colorectal cancer treatment: a look into emerging cancer stem cell-directed therapeutics to lead the charge toward complete remission. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2021; 21:1335-1345. [PMID: 33977849 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1929167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common forms of cancer worldwide and is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Despite advances in early detection, ~25% of patients are late stage, and treated patients have <12% chance of survival after five years. Tumor relapse and metastasis are the main causes of patient death. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a rare population of cancer cells characterized by properties of self-renewal, chemo- and radio-resistance, tumorigenicity, and high plasticity. These qualities make CSCs particularly important for metastasic seeding, DNA-damage resistance, and tumor repopulating.Areas Covered: The following review article focuses on the role of CRC-SCs in tumor initiation, metastasis, drug resistance, and tumor relapse, as well as on potential therapeutic options for targeting CSCs.Expert Opinion: Current studies are underway to better isolate and discriminate CSCs from normal stem cells and to produce CSC-targeted therapeutics. The intestinal receptor, guanylate cyclase C (GUCY2C) could potentially provide a unique therapeutic target for both non-stem cells and CSCs alike in colorectal cancer through immunotherapies. Indeed, immunotherapies targeting CSCs have the potential to break the treatment-recurrence cycle in the management of advanced malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Kopenhaver
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Madison Crutcher
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States.,Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Scott A Waldman
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Adam E Snook
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States
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3
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Zhou Y, Li X, Ye M. Morusin inhibits the growth of human colorectal cancer HCT116‑derived sphere‑forming cells via the inactivation of Akt pathway. Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:1. [PMID: 33576447 PMCID: PMC7891835 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of colorectal cancer stem-like cells (CSC) is responsible for the failure of current treatments against colorectal cancer. Therefore, novel therapies need be developed to target CSCs. Some natural agents, including morusin have been proposed as possible candidates for this purpose. Morusin has been shown to exert antitumor effects. In the present study, it is demonstrated that morusin exerts antitumor effects on colorectal CSCs (CCSCs). The viability of human CCSCs was enhanced when the CCSCs formed spheroids in a serum-free and non-adhesive floating culture system. HCT116 sphere cells exhibited an increased proliferative capacity and a higher expression of stemness markers [octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4), Sox2 and Nanog]. Morusin inhibited the development of cancer spheroids and suppressed the growth of sphere cells via the induction of cell cycle arrest. Similarly, morusin decreased the expression levels of the stemness markers, Nanog and Oct4. The data partially revealed the molecular mechanisms involved: β-catenin signaling maintains the growth of CSCs and directly modulates the expression of Nanog and Oct4. Morusin suppressed the activity of β-catenin signaling via the inactivation of Akt; the executive β-catenin/TCF4 complex and the downstream targets, c-Myc, survivin and cyclin D1, were also downregulated. Moreover, the morusin-induced inactivation of Akt also increased the expression of p21Cip1/WAF1 and p27Kip, which can block the cell cycle by interacting with cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complexes. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that morusin inhibited the growth of colorectal cancer sphere cells, which were enriched with CCSCs via the inactivation of the Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, 904 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyong Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, 904 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Min Ye
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
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4
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Yaiza JM, Gloria RA, María Belén GO, Elena LR, Gema J, Juan Antonio M, María Ángel GC, Houria B. Melanoma cancer stem-like cells: Optimization method for culture, enrichment and maintenance. Tissue Cell 2019; 60:48-59. [PMID: 31582018 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Malignant Melanoma is known for being one of the most aggressive cancers with an incidence that increases every year. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are involved in the resistance to therapeutic treatments, the metastatic process, and the patient's relapses. Thus, it is of vital importance for researchers to find the methodology that allows us to obtain enriched subpopulations that maintain their stem-like properties without differentiating over time. In the present manuscript, our objective was to compare the ability of conditioned medium obtained from human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated by enzymatic and non-enzymatic methods for the enrichment and maintenance of melanoma CSCs. Our results showed for the first time that MSCs isolated by less aggressive methodology displayed higher CSCs enrichment and maintenance capacity. Because they do not undergo enzymatic and proteolytic stress, MSCs produce a greater amount of signalling molecules, helping to improve the phenotype characteristics of CSCs and keep them over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiménez Martínez Yaiza
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ruiz Alcalá Gloria
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - García Ortega María Belén
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - López-Ruiz Elena
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, E-23071, Spain; Excellence 5Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat) University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Jiménez Gema
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Excellence 5Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat) University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Marchal Juan Antonio
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Excellence 5Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat) University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - García Chaves María Ángel
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Immunology III, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Boulaiz Houria
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Excellence 5Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat) University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain.
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5
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Lee IC. Cancer-on-a-chip for Drug Screening. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:5407-5418. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190206235233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
:
The oncology pharmaceutical research spent a shocking amount of money on target validation and
drug optimization in preclinical models because many oncology drugs fail during clinical trial phase III. One of
the most important reasons for oncology drug failures in clinical trials may due to the poor predictive tool of
existing preclinical models. Therefore, in cancer research and personalized medicine field, it is critical to improve
the effectiveness of preclinical predictions of the drug response of patients to therapies and to reduce costly failures
in clinical trials. Three dimensional (3D) tumor models combine micro-manufacturing technologies mimic
critical physiologic parameters present in vivo, including complex multicellular architecture with multicellular
arrangement and extracellular matrix deposition, packed 3D structures with cell–cell interactions, such as tight
junctions, barriers to mass transport of drugs, nutrients and other factors, which are similar to in vivo tumor tissues.
These systems provide a solution to mimic the physiological environment for improving predictive accuracy
in oncology drug discovery.
:
his review gives an overview of the innovations, development and limitations of different types of tumor-like
construction techniques such as self-assemble spheroid formation, spheroids formation by micro-manufacturing
technologies, micro-dissected tumor tissues and tumor organoid. Combination of 3D tumor-like construction and
microfluidic techniques to achieve tumor on a chip for in vitro tumor environment modeling and drug screening
were all included. Eventually, developmental directions and technical challenges in the research field are also
discussed. We believe tumor on chip models have provided better sufficient clinical predictive power and will
bridge the gap between proof-of-concept studies and a wider implementation within the oncology drug development
for pathophysiological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chi Lee
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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6
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Jiménez G, Hackenberg M, Catalina P, Boulaiz H, Griñán-Lisón C, García MÁ, Perán M, López-Ruiz E, Ramírez A, Morata-Tarifa C, Carrasco E, Aguilera M, Marchal JA. Mesenchymal stem cell's secretome promotes selective enrichment of cancer stem-like cells with specific cytogenetic profile. Cancer Lett 2018; 429:78-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cells within cancer tissues that are thought to mediate tumor initiation. CSCs are furthermore considered the cause of tumor progression and recurrence after conventional therapies, based on their enhanced therapy resistance properties. A method commonly used to assess CSC potential in vitro is the so-called tumor spheres assay in which cells are plated under non-adherent culture conditions in serum-free medium supplemented with growth factors. Tumor spheres assays have been used in cancer research as an intermediate in vitro cell culture model to be explored before performing more laborious in vivo tumor xenograft assays.
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8
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Rosenberg T, Aaberg-Jessen C, Petterson SA, Kristensen BW. Heterogenic expression of stem cell markers in patient-derived glioblastoma spheroid cultures exposed to long-term hypoxia. CNS Oncol 2018; 7:CNS15. [PMID: 29708435 PMCID: PMC5977272 DOI: 10.2217/cns-2017-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the time profile of hypoxia and stem cell markers in glioblastoma spheroids of known molecular subtype. Materials & methods: Patient-derived glioblastoma spheroids were cultured up to 7 days in either 2% or 21% oxygen. Levels of proliferation (Ki-67), hypoxia (HIF-1α, CA9 and VEGF) and stem cell markers (CD133, nestin and musashi-1) were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Results: Hypoxia markers as well as CD133 and partially nestin increased in long-term hypoxia. The proliferation rate and spheroid size were highest in normoxia. Conclusion: We found differences in hypoxia and stem cell marker profiles between the patient-derived glioblastoma cultures. This heterogeneity should be taken into consideration in development of future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense 5000, Denmark.,Department of ORL - Head & Neck Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense 5000, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5000, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Aaberg-Jessen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense 5000, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5000, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense 5000, Denmark
| | - Stine Asferg Petterson
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense 5000, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5000, Denmark
| | - Bjarne Winther Kristensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense 5000, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5000, Denmark
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9
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Recent advances and perspectives on capture and concentration of label-free rare cells for biomedical science and engineering research. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Zhou Y, Xia L, Wang H, Oyang L, Su M, Liu Q, Lin J, Tan S, Tian Y, Liao Q, Cao D. Cancer stem cells in progression of colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 9:33403-33415. [PMID: 30279970 PMCID: PMC6161799 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide with high mortality. Distant metastasis and relapse are major causes of patient death. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a critical role in the metastasis and relapse of colorectal cancer. CSCs are a subpopulation of cancer cells with unique properties of self-renewal, infinite division and multi-directional differentiation potential. Colorectal CSCs are defined with a group of cell surface markers, such as CD44, CD133, CD24, EpCAM, LGR5 and ALDH. They are highly tumorigenic, chemoresistant and radioresistant and thus are critical in the metastasis and recurrence of colorectal cancer and disease-free survival. This review article updates the colorectal CSCs with a focus on their role in tumor initiation, progression, drug resistance and tumor relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Longzheng Xia
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Heran Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Linda Oyang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Min Su
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jingguan Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Shiming Tan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yutong Tian
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Deliang Cao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, 62794, USA
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11
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Wang L, Li P, Hu W, Xia Y, Hu C, Liu L, Jiang X. CD44 +CD24 + subset of PANC-1 cells exhibits radiation resistance via decreased levels of reactive oxygen species. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1341-1346. [PMID: 28789349 PMCID: PMC5529798 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has suggested that pancreatic adenocarcinoma is sustained by pancreatic cancer stem cells. The present study aimed to investigate the expression patterns of the pancreatic cancer stem cell surface markers cluster of differentiation CD44 and CD24 in a pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line, and to investigate the possible mechanisms for their radiation resistance. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the expression patterns of CD44 and CD24 in the pancreatic adenocarcinoma PANC-1 cell line. In addition, a multi-target click model was used to fit cell survival curves and determine the sensitizer enhancement ratio. The apoptosis and cycle distribution of the four cell subsets was determined using flow cytometry, and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined using the 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate probe. The present results identified that the ratios of CD44+ and CD24+ in the sorted PANC-1 cell line were 92.0 and 4.7%, respectively. Prior to radiation, no statistically significant differences were observed among the four groups. Following treatment with 6 MV of X-rays, the rate of apoptosis was decreased in the CD44+CD24+ group compared with other subsets. The percentage of G0/G1 cells was highest in the CD44+CD24+ group compared with the three other groups, which exhibited increased radiosensitivity. In addition, the level of ROS in the CD44+CD24+ group was reduced compared with the other groups. In summary, the results of the present study indicated that CD44+CD24+ exhibited stem cell properties. The lower level of ROS and apoptosis in CD44+CD24+ cells may contribute to their resistance to radiation in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Lianyugang, Jiangsu 222002, P.R. China
| | - Pengping Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222002, P.R. China
| | - Youyou Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Lianyugang, Jiangsu 222002, P.R. China
| | - Chenxi Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Lianyugang, Jiangsu 222002, P.R. China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Lianyugang, Jiangsu 222002, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Lianyugang, Jiangsu 222002, P.R. China
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12
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Melanoma-initiating cells exploit M2 macrophage TGFβ and arginase pathway for survival and proliferation. Oncotarget 2015; 5:12027-42. [PMID: 25294815 PMCID: PMC4322977 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
M2 macrophages promote tumor growth and metastasis, but their interactions with specific tumor cell populations are poorly characterized. Using a mouse model of spontaneous melanoma, we showed that CD34− but not CD34+ tumor-initiating cells (TICs) depend on M2 macrophages for survival and proliferation. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and macrophage-conditioned media protected CD34− TICs from chemotherapy in vitro. In vivo, while inhibition of CD115 suppressed the macrophage-dependent CD34− TIC population, chemotherapy accelerated its development. The ability of TICs to respond to TAMs was acquired during melanoma progression and immediately preceded a surge in metastatic outgrowth. TAM-derived transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) and polyamines produced via the Arginase pathway were critical for stimulation of TICs and synergized to promote their growth.
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13
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Liu K, Wang ZQ, Wang SJ, Liu P, Qin YH, Ma Y, Li XC, Huo ZJ. Hyaluronic acid-tagged silica nanoparticles in colon cancer therapy: therapeutic efficacy evaluation. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:6445-54. [PMID: 26491300 PMCID: PMC4608620 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s89476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide, and the therapeutic application of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is limited due to its nonspecificity, low bioavailability, and overdose. The present study is an attempt to improve the chemotherapeutic efficacy of 5-FU in colon cancers. Therefore, we have prepared 5-FU-loaded hyaluronic acid (HA)-conjugated silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) to target to colon cancer cells. In this study, we have showed the specific binding and intracellular accumulation of targeted nanoparticles based on HA surface modifications in colon carcinoma cells. The particles had spherical shapes with sizes of approximately 130 nm. HA-conjugated nanoparticles showed a sustained release pattern for 5-FU and continuously released for 120 hours. We have further investigated the cytotoxicity potential of targeted and nontargeted nanoparticles in colo-205 cancer cells. IC50 value of 5-FU/hyaluronic acid-conjugated silica nanoparticles (HSNP) was 0.65 µg/mL compared with ~2.8 µg/mL for 5-FU/SNP after 24 hours of incubation. The result clearly showed that HA-conjugated NP was more effective in inducing apoptosis in cancer cells than nontargeted NP. The 5-FU/HSNP showed ~45% of cell apoptosis (early and late apoptosis stage) compared with only 20% for 5-FU/silica nanoparticles (SNP)-treated group. The HA-conjugated nanoparticles provide the possibility of efficient drug transport into tumors that could effectively reduce the side effects in the normal tissues. 5-FU/HSNP was highly efficient in suppressing the tumor growth in xenograft tumor model. The proportion of Ki67 in 5-FU/HSNP-treated group was significantly lower than that of either free drug or nontargeted SiNPs. Altogether, we have showed that conjugation of HA to SiNPs could result in enhanced uptake of 5-FU through CD44-mediated endocytosis uptake and could result in significant antitumor efficacy. Thus, 5-FU/HSNP could be a promising drug delivery system for colon cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-qi Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-jiang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-hong Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Chen Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jun Huo
- Department of Breast Disease Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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Rosenberg T, Thomassen M, Jensen SS, Larsen MJ, Sørensen KP, Hermansen SK, Kruse TA, Kristensen BW. Acute hypoxia induces upregulation of microRNA-210 expression in glioblastoma spheroids. CNS Oncol 2015; 4:25-35. [PMID: 25586423 DOI: 10.2217/cns.14.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Tumor hypoxia and presence of tumor stem cells are related to therapeutic resistance and tumorigenicity in glioblastomas. The aim of the present study was therefore to identify microRNAs deregulated in acute hypoxia and to identify possible associated changes in stem cell markers. MATERIALS & METHODS Glioblastoma spheroid cultures were grown in either 2 or 21% oxygen. Subsequently, miRNA profiling was performed and expression of ten stem cell markers was examined. RESULTS MiRNA-210 was significantly upregulated in hypoxia in patient-derived spheroids. The stem cell markers displayed a complex regulatory pattern. CONCLUSION MiRNA-210 appears to be upregulated in hypoxia in immature glioblastoma cells. This miRNA may represent a therapeutic target although it is not clear from the results whether this miRNA may be related to specific cancer stem cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Winsløwparken 15, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
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15
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Singh SP, Sharma M, Gupta PK. Cytotoxicity of curcumin silica nanoparticle complexes conjugated with hyaluronic acid on colon cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 74:162-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Wang H, Paczulla A, Lengerke C. Evaluation of stem cell properties in human ovarian carcinoma cells using multi and single cell-based spheres assays. J Vis Exp 2015:e52259. [PMID: 25590994 DOI: 10.3791/52259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Years of research indicates that ovarian cancers harbor a heterogeneous mixture of cells including a subpopulation of so-called "cancer stem cells" (CSCs) responsible for tumor initiation, maintenance and relapse following conventional chemotherapies. Identification of ovarian CSCs is therefore an important goal. A commonly used method to assess CSC potential in vitro is the spheres assay in which cells are plated under non-adherent culture conditions in serum-free medium supplemented with growth factors and sphere formation is scored after a few days. Here, we review currently available protocols for human ovarian cancer spheres assays and perform a side-by-side analysis between commonly used multi cell-based assays and a more accurate system based on single cell plating. Our results indicate that both multi cell-based as well as single cell-based spheres assays can be used to investigate sphere formation in vitro. The more laborious and expensive single cell-based assays are more suitable for functional assessment of individual cells and lead to overall more accurate results while multi cell-based assays can be strongly influenced by the density of plated cells and require titration experiments upfront. Methylcellulose supplementation to multi cell-based assays can be effectively used to reduce mechanical artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel; Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Tübingen
| | - Anna Paczulla
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel
| | - Claudia Lengerke
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel; Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Tübingen;
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17
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Shen Y, Wang J, Li Y, Tian Y, Sun H, Ammar O, Tu J, Wang B, Sun C. Co-delivery of siRNA and paclitaxel into cancer cells by hyaluronic acid modified redox-sensitive disulfide-crosslinked PLGA–PEI nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03085d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Schematic diagram showing the structure of the co-delivery nano-complex and the process of entering tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
| | - Jue Wang
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yanan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
| | - Huimin Sun
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control
- Beijing
- China
| | - Ouahab Ammar
- Department of Pharmacy
- Institute of Medical Sciences
- Batna Elhadj Lakhdar University
- Algeria
| | - Jiasheng Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
| | - Buhai Wang
- Department of Oncology
- Subei People's Hospital
- Yangzhou
- China
| | - Chunmeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
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18
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Label-free selection and enrichment of liver cancer stem cells by surface niches build up with polyelectrolyte multilayer films. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 125:120-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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