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Gao Q, Zhang J, Chen C, Chen M, Sun P, Du W, Zhang S, Liu Y, Zhang R, Bai M, Fan C, Wu J, Men T, Jiang X. In Situ Mannosylated Nanotrinity-Mediated Macrophage Remodeling Combats Candida albicans Infection. ACS NANO 2020; 14:3980-3990. [PMID: 32167741 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Deep Candida albicans infection is one of the major causes of death in immunosuppressed hosts. Remodeling macrophages to phenotype M1 can decrease fungus burden and facilitate combating C. albicans under an immunosuppressive state. In this study, a nanotrinity was exploited to direct fungicidal macrophage polarization by leveraging the regulation pathways in macrophage redifferentiation. Conventional chemotherapeutic imatinib, which can abrogate M2 macrophage polarization via "shutting off" the STAT6 phosphorylation pathway, was encapsulated in biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles. In house-customized dual functional mannosylated chitosan oligosaccharides were then coated on the surface of the imatinib-laden nanoparticles, and thus, a mannosylated nanotrinity was achieved with ternary functions for macrophage remodeling: (i) imatinib-blocked STAT6 phosphorylation pathway for decreasing M2 macrophage population; (ii) chitosan oligosaccharides-mediated TLR-4 pathway activation that could promote macrophage redifferentiation to M1 phenotype; (iii) mannose motif-enhanced macrophage targeting. After physiochemical characterization, regulatory effects of the mannosylated nanotrinity on macrophages and the anti-C. albicans efficacy were evaluated at the cellular level and animal level, respectively. The results demonstrated that our mannosylated nanotrinity could efficiently induce macrophage polarization toward the M1 phenotype, decrease M2 phenotype production, and markedly lessen fungus burden and increased the median survival time of mice infected with C. albicans. Therefore, the mannosylated nanotrinity developed in this study could significantly induce macrophage remodeling in situ by the two-pronged process, "turning on" M1 phenotype polarization meanwhile "shutting off" M2 phenotype polarization, and thus allowed to eradicate C. albicans infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongqiong Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Menglin Chen
- Department of engineering, Aarhus University, Navitas, Inge Lehmanns Gade 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peng Sun
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Shengchang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Mei Bai
- Yancheng City No.1 People's Hospital, Yancheng 224001, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Changchun Fan
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jibiao Wu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Tongyi Men
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xinyi Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
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Kheradmand F, Hashemnia SMR, Valizadeh N, Roshan-Milani S. The Effects of Imatinib Mesylate on Cellular Viability, Platelet Derived Growth Factor and Stem Cell Factor in Mouse Testicular Normal Leydig Cells. J Reprod Infertil 2016; 17:82-7. [PMID: 27141462 PMCID: PMC4842238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth factors play an essential role in the development of tumor and normal cells like testicular leydig cells. Treatment of cancer with anti-cancer agents like imatinib mesylate may interfere with normal leydig cell activity, growth and fertility through failure in growth factors' production or their signaling pathways. The purpose of the study was to determine cellular viability and the levels of, platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and stem cell factor (SCF) in normal mouse leydig cells exposed to imatinib, and addressing the effect of imatinib on fertility potential. METHODS The mouse TM3 leydig cells were treated with 0 (control), 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 μM imatinib for 2, 4 and 6 days. Each experiment was repeated three times (15 experiments in each day).The cellular viability and growth factors levels were assessed by MTT and ELISA methods, respectively. For statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc and Kruskal-Wallis test were performed. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS With increasing drug concentration, cellular viability decreased significantly (p<0.05) and in contrast, PDGF levels increased (p<0.05). Different imatinib concentrations had no significant effect on SCF level. Increasing the duration of treatment from 2 to 6 days had no obvious effect on cellular viability, PDGF and SCF levels. CONCLUSION Imatinib may reduce fertility potential especially at higher concentrations in patients treated with this drug by decreasing cellular viability. The effect of imatinib on leydig cells is associated with PDGF stimulation. Of course future studies can be helpful in exploring the long term effects of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kheradmand
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Nasim Valizadeh
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Roshan-Milani
- Department of Physiology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran,Corresponding Author: Shiva Roshan-Milani, Department of Physiology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences-Pardis Nazloo-11th Km of Sero (Nazloo) Road, Urmia, Iran, E-mail:
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