Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from canine chronic otitis externa

Genomic diversity and nutritional analysis of multi-drug resistant extended spectrum β-lactamase Producing-Klebsiella pneumoniae genes isolated from mastitic cattle milk in district peshawar, Pakistan

The increasing incidence of resistance extended spectrum-beta lactamase (ESBL) producing Klebsiella pneumonia become worldwide issue. The current study aimed to determine the genomic diversity of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae in milk samples collected from cows with mastitis as well as their antibiotic sensitivity profiles and genetic identification in Peshawar, Pakistan. The california mastitis test (CMT) was initially used to verify the presence for mastitis in 700 collected milk samples. The molecular identification of the 16SrRNA gene confirmed 120/700 (17.14 %) propagation of K. pneumonia. Out of these isolates MDR ESBL-producing isolates were 60/120 (50 %). The lactose were found (M = 3.96 ± 0.28, SD = 2.19), followed by fats (M = 3.12 ± 0.11, SD = 0.90), protein (M = 5.97 ± 0.24, SD = 1.84), sodium (M = 55.74 ± 2.07, SD = 15.81), potassium (M = 138.5 ± 1.53, SD = 11.71), chloride (M = 0.74 ± 0.03, SD = 0.24), calcium (M = 10.27 ± 0.31, SD = 2.42), and chlorine (M = 2.80 ± 0.22, SD = 1.70), respectively. Amikacin (80 %), ceftazidime (71 %), and tetracycline (71 %) were shown to be the most effective antimicrobials against all of the isolates. The occurrence of the blaSHV gene was observed at 56.00 % whereas the blaTEM gene and blaCTX-M gene were 36.00 %, and 30.00 %. The distribution of blaCTX-M subgroup genes was followed by blaCTX-M-1 (38.00 %), blaCTX-M-9 (22.20 %), and blaCTX-M-15 (61.10 %). Co-occurrence of blaCTX-M+ blaSHV was (15.00 %), blaCTX-M+ blaTEM were (6.60 %), and blaSHV + blaTEM were (10.00 %), respectively. The inappropriate, prolonged and common use of antibiotics may apply selective pressure for propagation and the occurrence of resistant isolates.