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Gu W, Bao Q, Weng K, Liu J, Luo S, Chen J, Li Z, Cao Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Chen G, Xu Q. Effects of T-2 toxin on growth performance, feather quality, tibia development and blood parameters in Yangzhou goslings. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102382. [PMID: 36535114 PMCID: PMC9791600 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
T-2 toxin is a dangerous natural pollutant and widely exists in animal feed, often causing toxic damage to poultry, such as slow growth and development, immunosuppression, and death. Although geese are considered the most sensitive poultry to T-2 toxin, the exact damage caused by T-2 toxin to geese is elusive. In the present study, a total of forty two 1-day-old healthy Yangzhou male goslings were randomly allotted seven diets contaminated with 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/kg T-2 toxin for 21 d, and the effects of T-2 toxin exposure on growth performance, feather quality, tibia development, and blood parameters were investigated. The results showed that T-2 toxin exposure significantly inhibited feed intake, body weight gain, shank length growth, and organ development (e.g., ileum, cecum, liver, spleen, bursa, and tibia) in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the more serious feathering abnormalities and feather damage were observed in goslings exposed to a high dose of T-2 toxin (0.8, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg), which were mainly sparsely covered with short, dry, rough, curly, and gloss-free feathers on the back. We also found that hypertrophic chondrocytes of the tibial growth plate exhibited abnormal morphology and nuclear consolidation or loss, accompanied by necrosis and excessive apoptosis under 2.0 mg/kg T-2 toxin exposure. Moreover, 2.0 mg/kg T-2 toxin exposure triggered erythropenia, thrombocytosis, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase activity, as well as high blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, and lactic dehydrogenase levels. Collectively, these data indicate that T-2 toxin had an adverse effect on the growth performance, feather quality, and tibia development, and caused liver and kidney damage and abnormal blood parameters in Yangzhou goslings, providing crucial information toward the prevention and control of T-2 toxin contamination in poultry feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, PR China
| | - Qiang Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, PR China
| | - Kaiqi Weng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, PR China
| | - Jinlu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, PR China
| | - Shuwen Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, PR China
| | - Jianzhou Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, PR China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, PR China
| | - Zhengfeng Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, PR China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, PR China
| | - Guohong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, PR China; Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China
| | - Qi Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, PR China; Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China.
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Sun L, Cui S, Deng Q, Liu H, Cao Y, Wang S, Yu J. Selenium Content and/or T-2 Toxin Contamination of Cereals, Soil, and Children's Hair in Some Areas of Heilongjiang and Gansu Provinces, China. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 191:294-299. [PMID: 30607701 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
It has been strongly suggested that selenium deficiency and T-2 contamination in cereals are responsible for the development of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD). In order to assess these risk factors of KBD in the internal and external environments, our team undertook a two-stage survey in some areas of Heilongjiang and Gansu Provinces, China. The selenium content in children's hair (293), cereal (192), and soil (46) samples were determined using the 2, 3-diamino-naphthalene fluorometric assay technique. The T-2 toxin contamination level in the cereal samples (704) was assayed using an ELISA kit. There were no clinical KBD cases identified in this survey. The selenium statuses of the children in all the investigated regions during the first phase were at the medium selenium nutrition level. During the second phase, the selenium status of the children in Weiyuan County, Ning County, and Shangzhi City was at the medium selenium nutrition level, at the edge of selenium deficiency, and selenium deficient, respectively. Furthermore, the selenium contents in the cereal and soil samples were low. During the first phase, the average T-2 toxin contamination level in the family staple food samples for all the investigated regions was about 10 ng/g. However, the T-2 toxin contamination levels in eight homegrown corn samples were higher than 100 ng/g. During the second phase, all the average T-2 toxin contamination levels in the flour and corn samples from the three investigated regions were less than 10 ng/g. Risk factors that affect the prevalence of KBD still remain in the internal and external environments of some areas in Heilongjiang and Gansu Provinces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Sun
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (23618504), Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Silu Cui
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (23618504), Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Qing Deng
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (23618504), Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (23618504), Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yanhong Cao
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (23618504), Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Shaoping Wang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (23618504), Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China.
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (23618504), Harbin, 150081, China.
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Lin MJ, Chang SC, Tso KH, Lin WC, Chang CL, Lee TT. Effect of T-2 toxin and antioxidants on angel wing incidence and severity in White Roman geese. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2017.1301257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Lin
- Changhua Animal Propagation Station, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Chang Chang
- Kaohsiung Animal Propagation Station, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Hua Tso
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Lin
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Che-Lun Chang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Tai Lee
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Wu
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824; ,
| | - John D. Groopman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205;
| | - James J. Pestka
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824; ,
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Sun LY, Li Q, Meng FG, Fu Y, Zhao ZJ, Wang LH. T-2 toxin contamination in grains and selenium concentration in drinking water and grains in Kaschin-Beck disease endemic areas of Qinghai Province. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 150:371-5. [PMID: 22760643 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9469-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It has been strongly suggested that two factors are involved in the development of Kaschin-Beck Disease (KBD), namely grains contamination with T-2 toxin and selenium deficiency. So our team undertook a survey about grains and drinking water in three rural KBD endemic villages and one non-KBD village in Qinghai Province. The level of T-2 toxin contamination in 364 grain samples was assayed using an ELISA kit. The selenium concentration in these grains and 15 drinking water samples from three KBD endemic villages were determined using the 2,3-diaminonaphthalene fluorometric assay. The results revealed that the level of T-2 toxin contamination in the samples from three KBD endemic villages was relatively high with an average level of 78.91 ng/g in wheat and 47.47 ng/g in flour. The T-2 toxin level in samples from the non-KBD village (12.23 ng/g) was significantly lower than that of local grains from the three KBD endemic villages. The average selenium content in wheat and flour from KBD areas was 0.0045 and 0.0067 μg/g, respectively. The selenium concentration in local grain samples was significantly lower than that in samples from the non-KBD village (0.0604 μg/g). In addition, the selenium concentration in drinking water from three KBD endemic villages was also low (0.156 μg/L). These results support a potential role of T-2 toxin contamination and selenium deficiency in KBD. Compared with non-KBD endemic areas, health hazards in grains and in the environment of KBD endemic areas were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yan Sun
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, China CDC, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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He SJ, Hou JF, Dai YY, Zhou ZL, Deng YF. N-acetyl-cysteine protects chicken growth plate chondrocytes from T-2 toxin-induced oxidative stress. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 32:980-5. [PMID: 21796648 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is now considered to be related to bone malformation such as incomplete ossification, absence of bones and fused bones. In this study, primary cultures of chicken tibial growth plate chondrocytes (GPCs) were treated with various concentrations of T-2 toxin (5, 50, and 500 n m) in the absence and presence of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) to investigate the effects of the antioxidant NAC on T-2 toxin-induced toxicity. Our results showed that T-2 toxin markedly decreased cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity and glutathione content (P < 0.05). In addition, T-2 toxin significantly increased reactive oxygen species levels and malondialdehyde in a dose-dependent manner. However, the T-2 toxin-induced cytotoxicity was reversed, in part, by the antioxidant NAC (P < 0.05). These results suggest that T-2 toxin inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of GPCs in vitro by altering cellular homeostasis and NAC can protect GPCs against T-2 toxin cytotoxicity by reducing the T-2 toxin-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-jun He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
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Wang LH, Fu Y, Shi YX, Wang WG. T-2 toxin induces degenerative articular changes in rodents: link to Kaschin-Beck disease. Toxicol Pathol 2011; 39:502-7. [PMID: 21398559 DOI: 10.1177/0192623310396902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that is characterized by joint pain and a progressive loss of articular cartilage. Kaschin-Beck Disease is a form of endemic OA in China whose etiology is unclear, but epidemiological data indicate a possible link to trichothecenes mycotoxin exposure. In vitro, T-2 toxin, a trichothecenes mycotoxin, has been demonstrated to inhibit aggrecan synthesis and promote aggrecanase and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in cultured chondrocytes. To assess the effects of T-2 toxin on articular cartilage in vivo, Wistar rats were fed a diet containing T-2 toxin (100 ng/kg chow) for six and ten months. Following six months of T-2 toxin exposure, histopathological changes in femorotibial cartilage were characterized by chondrocyte degeneration/necrosis and loss, chondrocyte clones, and loss of proteoglycan staining of articular cartilage, sometimes involving the entire thickness of the cartilage in the tibial plateaus and femoral condyles. By ten months, in addition to these changes, there was evidence of cartilage fibration in some rats. In conclusion, T-2 toxin exposure in rats induced degenerative lesions in articular cartilage similar to spontaneous OA, lending support to an etiologic role of mycotoxins in Kaschin-Beck Disease. T-2 toxin-induced degenerative joint disease may be a useful model of metabolic polyarticular OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hua Wang
- The Center for Endemic Disease Control, National Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China.
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Abstract
Bone problems are a major threat in meat-type and breeder poultry globally, raising both welfare and economic concerns. Leg weakness is multifactorial in origin and can be influenced by management, genetics, environment, nutrition and mycotoxins. Various mycotoxins, singly and severally, are known to exert an adverse effect on bone metabolism leading to leg weakness. Leg weakness in poultry as caused by mycotoxins and its alleviation is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Devegowda
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - D. Ravikiran
- Department of Poultry Science, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
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